Christian Worldview and Caring in Nursing: The Legacy of Sister Simone Roach.

ABSTRACT: Sister Simone Roach, a noted philosopher of caring in nursing, left behind a significant body of theoretical and practical work highlighting the areas of nursing ethics, care/caring, and compassion. This article explores the integration of the moral foundation of agape love in Pauline theology and Roach's human caring in nursing (1992) as the action of agape love. A narrative literature review explores the relationship between the scriptural ethics of St. Paul (Pauline ethics) and Roach's caring in nursing.

Psychiatric Home-Visiting Nurses' Views on the Care Information Required of Psychiatric Hospital Nurses.

The "construction of a community-based comprehensive care system for mental disorders" has been promoted in Japan. However, nurses in psychiatric hospitals do not intervene with community resources and support networks in Japan. This study aimed to determine the care information required by home visit nurses from psychiatric hospital nurses. A qualitative descriptive research design was employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine psychiatric home-visiting nurses, and content analysis was performed to analyze the data. Findings revealed 319 narratives about the information that psychiatric home-visiting nurses seek from psychiatric hospital nurses, which were classified into six main categories. Information needed for home-visiting nurses to provide care includes the following : 1) to build trust with home-visiting service users, 2) to help home-visiting service users live according to their wishes, 3) to help home-visiting service users continue treatment in the community, 4) to perform symptom management, 5) to provide family care, and 6) to protect the safety of home visiting nurses during home visits. Nurses in psychiatric hospitals should communicate this information to nurses who provide psychiatric home care. This will improve the quality of continuing care for home care users and support their recovery in community living. J. Med. Invest. 71 : 162-168, February, 2024.

Development and psychometric testing of the Professional Interpersonal Competency Assessment Scale for Novice nurses (PICASN).

Background: Assessing the professional interpersonal competency of novice nurses is crucial for preventing staff turnover and promoting effective work. However, none of the instruments identified in the literature specifically target novice nurses. Objective: This study aimed to develop and psychometrically test the perception dimension of the Professional Interpersonal Competency Assessment Scale for Novice nurses (PICASN) in Japan. Methods: The study comprised four steps: 1) concept identification, 2) item construction, 3) validity measure, and 4) reliability measure. A cross-sectional web-based questionnaire was administered from February to April 2023 and was completed by 203 novice nurses. Data quality was assessed using mean, item response, missing values, floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency, and item-rest correlations. Content validity index (CVI) was used to determine the instrument's validity, while exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using maximum likelihood estimation with Promax rotation was employed to assess the factor structure. Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate reliability. Results: The 27-item PICASN demonstrated an Item-CVI of 0.94 and a Scale-CVI of 0.88. EFA revealed two factors: 1) Basic competencies as a novice nurse (15 items) and 2) Relationship building skills within the healthcare team (12 items), which explained 80% of the variance. Internal consistency reliability was excellent at 0.94 and 0.91 for the factors, and the overall scale reliability was 0.95. The item-rest (I-R) correlation values exceeding 0.6 were considered acceptable. Conclusion: The PICASN demonstrates satisfactory psychometric properties, making it an effective tool for measuring professional interpersonal competency among novice nurses in Japan. This instrument serves to assist novice nurses by promoting self-awareness and offering targeted insights into specific areas requiring improvement. Additionally, it provides experienced nurses and nurse managers with valuable insights into team dynamics, guiding interventions for continuous quality improvement.

Technologies, Physician's Caring Competency, and Patient Centered Care:A Systematic Review.

This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to clarify patient understanding, understanding of caring concepts, understanding of technology, competency to express compassion, appropriate involvement in caring, and ethical and moral attitudes and responses toward patients. This systematic review was conducted through an electronic search across PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and Science Direct. Authors independently appraised the methodological quality of the studies using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool. A narrative synthesis approach was used to present these findings. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria and quality appraisal guidelines. Through thematic analysis, four major themes were identified:Technology and caring competency, Technology and patient-centered care, Empathetic skills, and Caring competency. This review has shown that patients choose physicians considering their emotions and communicate well with them, empowering them to take responsibility of their own or their loved ones' healthcare. In the age of technological advancement and availability of vast sources of information, it is expected of physicians to adapt to these character priorities while maintaining their sense of humanness, not only focusing on healing modalities, but also to guide, educate, and appropriately empower their patients toward achieving their healthcare goals. J. Med. Invest. 70 : 307-316, August, 2023.

Development and psychometric properties of the Person-centered Palliative Care Nursing Instrument (PPCNI) in the Philippines.

Background: Over the years, a few tools and instruments have been developed to assist in the assessment within a palliative care setting. However, many of these tools and instruments do not reflect a person-centered palliative care model. Objective: This study aims to develop a Person-centered Palliative Care Nursing Instrument (PPCNI) in the Philippines. Methods: An exhaustive search of the literature was conducted to develop a pool of items for the instrument. The validity of the instrument was evaluated using the content validity index (CVI), while the factor structure was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using maximum likelihood estimation with Promax rotation. Also, the internal reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. Results: EFA yielded three factors: 1) Caring as maintaining person's dignity (13 items), 2) caring as empowerment of person's autonomy (14 items), and 3) caring as understanding person's momentary concerns (10 items). Whereas the internal consistency reliability of these subscales appeared excellent (i.e., 0.95, 0.96, and 0.93, respectively), the Cronbach's alpha for the overall scale was 0.98. The item-total correlation coefficients were >0.30 for all items, ranging from 0.310 to 0.726. Conclusion: Findings support a three-factor, 37-item PPCNI that can be used in clinical practice to ensure that nurses provide palliative care based on patient needs and preferences.

Technological machines and artificial intelligence in nursing practice.

This article is a theoretical discourse about technological machines and artificial intelligence, highlighting their effective interactive outcomes in nursing. One significant influence is technological efficiency which positively affects nursing care time, enabling nurses to focus more on their patients as the core of nursing. The article examines the impact of technology and artificial intelligence on nursing practice in this era of rapid technological advancements and technological dependence. Strategic opportunities in nursing are advanced, exemplified by robotics technology and artificial intelligence. A survey of recent literature focused on what is known about the influence of technology, healthcare robotics, and artificial intelligence on nursing in the contexts of industrialization, societal milieu, and human living environments. Efficient, precision-driven machines with artificial intelligence support a technology-centered society in which hospitals and healthcare systems become increasingly technology-dependent, impacting healthcare quality and patient care satisfaction. As a result, higher levels of knowledge, intelligence, and recognition of technologies and artificial intelligence are required for nurses to render quality nursing care. Designers of health facilities should be particularly aware of nursing's increasing dependence on technological advancements in their practice.

Frequency of nurse-provided spiritual care: An international comparison.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the frequency of nurse-provided spiritual care across diverse cultures. BACKGROUND: Given an ethical imperative to respect patient spirituality and religiosity, nurses are increasingly taught and expected to provide spiritual care. Although nurses report positive attitudes toward spiritual care, they typically self-report providing it infrequently. Evidence about the reported frequency of spiritual care is constrained by substantial variation in its measurement. DESIGN: This cross-sectional, descriptive study involved secondary analysis of data collected in multiple sites globally using one quantitative instrument. METHODS: Data were collected from practicing nurses using the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale and analysed using descriptive statistics and a meta-analysis procedure with random-effect modelling. Datasets from 16 studies completed in Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Philippines, Portugal, Taiwan, Turkey and the United States contributed to a pooled sample (n = 4062). STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional observational studies were observed. RESULTS: Spiritual care varied between countries and within countries. It was slightly more frequent within Islamic cultures compared with predominantly Christian cultures. Likewise, frequency of spiritual care differed between nurses in palliative care, predominantly hospital/inpatient settings, and skilled nursing homes. Overall, "Remaining present…" was the most frequent therapeutic, whereas documenting spiritual care and making arrangements for the patient's clergy or a chaplain to visit were among the most infrequent therapeutics. CONCLUSIONS: In widely varying degrees of frequency, nurses around the world provide care that is cognisant of the spiritual and religious responses to living with health challenges. Future research should be designed to adjust for the multiple factors that may contribute to nurses providing spiritual care. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Findings offer a benchmark and begin to inform nurse leaders about what may be normative in practice. They also encourage nurses providing direct patient care that they are not alone and inform educators about what instruction future nurses require.

Comparison of Subjective Facial Emotion Recognition and "Facial Emotion Recognition Based on Multi-Task Cascaded Convolutional Network Face Detection" between Patients with Schizophrenia and Healthy Participants.

Patients with schizophrenia may exhibit a flat affect and poor facial expressions. This study aimed to compare subjective facial emotion recognition (FER) and FER based on multi-task cascaded convolutional network (MTCNN) face detection in 31 patients with schizophrenia (patient group) and 40 healthy participants (healthy participant group). A Pepper Robot was used to converse with the 71 aforementioned participants; these conversations were recorded on video. Subjective FER (assigned by medical experts based on video recordings) and FER based on MTCNN face detection was used to understand facial expressions during conversations. This study confirmed the discriminant accuracy of the FER based on MTCNN face detection. The analysis of the smiles of healthy participants revealed that the kappa coefficients of subjective FER (by six examiners) and FER based on MTCNN face detection concurred (κ = 0.63). The perfect agreement rate between the subjective FER (by three medical experts) and FER based on MTCNN face detection in the patient, and healthy participant groups were analyzed using Fisher's exact probability test where no significant difference was observed (p = 0.72). The validity and reliability were assessed by comparing the subjective FER and FER based on MTCNN face detection. The reliability coefficient of FER based on MTCNN face detection was low for both the patient and healthy participant groups.

Robots and Robotics in Nursing.

Technological advancements have led to the use of robots as prospective partners to complement understaffing and deliver effective care to patients. This article discusses relevant concepts on robots from the perspective of nursing theories and robotics in nursing and examines the distinctions between human beings and healthcare robots as partners and robot development examples and challenges. Robotics in nursing is an interdisciplinary discipline that studies methodologies, technologies, and ethics for developing robots that support and collaborate with physicians, nurses, and other healthcare workers in practice. Robotics in nursing is geared toward learning the knowledge of robots for better nursing care, and for this purpose, it is also to propose the necessary robots and develop them in collaboration with engineers. Two points were highlighted regarding the use of robots in health care practice: issues of replacing humans because of human resource understaffing and concerns about robot capabilities to engage in nursing practice grounded in caring science. This article stresses that technology and artificial intelligence are useful and practical for patients. However, further research is required that considers what robotics in nursing means and the use of robotics in nursing.

Predicting nursing students' intention to attend face-to-face classes on school reopening: A theory of planned behavior application.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in school closures and the reopening of schools is considered to be a possible approach to start reversing learning deficits. However, the literature is scarce on the determinants of intention to attend face-to-face classes among nursing students. METHOD: This cross-sectional study examined students' intention to attend limited face-to-face classes on school reopening, and its association among the core constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Undergraduate nursing students of one university in the Philippines (n = 322) answered an online questionnaire. Predictor variables were determined by multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Results demonstrated that nursing students had a high intention (4.47 of 5) to attend limited face-to-face classes. First- and second-year students had significantly higher intention to attend limited face-to-face classes than third- and fourth-year nursing students. Multiple regression analysis suggested that attitude (ß = .127, p = .001), subjective norm (ß = .400, p = .000), and perceived behavioral control (ß = .326, p = .000) positively predicted students' intention to attend face-to-face classes. CONCLUSION: As many schools prepare for the gradual reopening of campuses, the different beliefs of students may be considered by nursing schools to better understand students' intention for face-to-face instruction.

Religiosity, Spirituality, and Death Anxiety Among Filipino Older Adults: A Correlational Study.

The concept of death anxiety is expected of older persons as they age and are nearing their end-of-life. This study examined the relationship between religiosity, spirituality, and death anxiety among Filipino older adults. A convenience sample of 125 Filipino older adults were recruited in the study. Data were collected using the Spirituality Scale, Revised Death Anxiety Scale, and Dimensions of Religiosity Scale. Results of the study revealed that spirituality (r=-0.168, p = 0.061) and religiosity (r=-0.044, p = 0.623) had an inverse relationship with death anxiety. However, even with the inverse relationship, spirituality and religiosity were not significantly correlated with death anxiety, although participants were well aware of the importance of these concepts on their lives. It is suggested that assessing spirituality and religiosity of this age group can inform nurses to engage in quality nursing practice, by affirming the vulnerability, and preserving the personhood of older persons as they near their end-of-life.

Toxic Metals and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Carotid, Femoral, and Coronary Vascular Territories: The Aragon Workers Health Study.

OBJECTIVE: Studies evaluating the association of metals with subclinical atherosclerosis are mostly limited to carotid arteries. We assessed individual and joint associations of nonessential metals exposure with subclinical atherosclerosis in 3 vascular territories. Approach and Results: One thousand eight hundred seventy-three Aragon Workers Health Study participants had urinary determinations of inorganic arsenic species, barium, cadmium, chromium, antimony, titanium, uranium, vanadium, and tungsten. Plaque presence in carotid and femoral arteries was determined by ultrasound. Coronary Agatston calcium score ≥1 was determined by computed tomography scan. Median arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, antimony, titanium, uranium, vanadium, and tungsten levels were 1.83, 1.98, 0.27, 1.18, 0.05, 9.8, 0.03, 0.66, and 0.23 µg/g creatinine, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for subclinical atherosclerosis presence in at least one territory was 1.25 (1.03-1.51) for arsenic, 1.67 (1.22-2.29) for cadmium, and 1.26 (1.04-1.52) for titanium. These associations were driven by arsenic and cadmium in carotid, cadmium and titanium in femoral, and titanium in coronary territories and mostly remained after additional adjustment for the other relevant metals. Titanium, cadmium, and antimony also showed positive associations with alternative definitions of increased coronary calcium. Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression analysis simultaneously evaluating metal associations suggested an interaction between arsenic and the joint cadmium-titanium exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support arsenic and cadmium and identify titanium and potentially antimony as atherosclerosis risk factors. Exposure reduction and mitigation interventions of these metals may decrease cardiovascular risk in individuals without clinical disease.

Social transformation and social isolation of older adults: Digital technologies, nursing, healthcare.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of social isolation among older adults is on the rise in today's health care climate. Consequently, preventing or ameliorating social isolation through technology in this age group is now being discussed as a significant social and health issue. AIM: The purpose of the opinion paper is to clarify social transformation through technology and shed light on a new reality for older adults in situations of social isolation. Our goal is to persuade the reader that our position on this topic is a valid one. We support our claims with practice-based evidence and published research studies. METHODS: To do so, we checked the most recent literature, most of which came from the last decade. Our literature survey focused primarily on what is known about technology and how technology can affect social transformation and perceptions of social isolation. FINDINGS: Two dominant transformative realities became the focal points: the precarious implications of loneliness for older adults and the emerging reality of social change through digital technology central to eHealth and mHealth. DISCUSSION: To benefit from new technologies and reduce the detrimental effects of social isolation, we must engage older adults in a meaningful way and adapt the system of smart devices to reflect the specific physiological and psychological characteristics of the ageing population. CONCLUSION: Older adults need to comprehend the meanings of their social experiences to preserve their active lifestyle. Human interactions may be desirable, but technological dominance may also minimize the adverse effects of social isolation.

Cultural Perspectives on Pain Assessment and Opioid Use: International Neuroscience Nursing Research Symposium Conference Proceedings.

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: In August of 2020, the 4th International Neuroscience Nursing Research Symposium was held. The purpose of the symposium was to share neuroscience nursing research from around the world. One of the topics thought most notable that stimulated a crucial conversation was how different countries assessed pain and their use of opioids for pain management. BACKGROUND: Neuroscience nurses are global. What is not known is their experience with and what challenges exist with pain management for human beings in their country. Crossing geographic and cultural boundaries, pain affects all human beings. Each culture has unique values and beliefs regarding pain. Patient barriers, pivotal in this article, included poverty, poor health literacy, opioid phobia, and cultural as well as social beliefs. RESULTS: Neuroscience nurses from Australia, Brazil, Germany, Singapore, India, Ghana, Kenya, Philippines, South Africa, and the United States each collaborated to provide a short summary of assessing pain and use of opioids for pain management for the neuroscience patient. CONCLUSION: Neuroscience patients have varying degrees of pain based on many factors. Various countries have religious, spiritual, and cultural traditions that influence the reporting and management of pain. Pain assessment and management can be challenging, especially for the neuroscience nurses around the world.

Spiritual well-being, self-transcendence, and spiritual practices among Filipino women with breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted in order to determine the relationship between spiritual well-being and self-transcendence and to identify the spiritual practices utilized by Filipino patients who are recovering from breast cancer. METHODS: A descriptive correlational study was used, and a purposive sampling technique was utilized to select the participants in the study. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires and were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's r correlation. RESULTS: The study revealed that the overall mean score of the spiritual index of well-being among the participants was 4.41 (±0.54), while the mean score of self-transcendence was 3.64 (±0.50). The results showed that there was a significant relationship between spirituality and self-transcendence among Filipino women with breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: Filipino women with breast cancer rely on their spirituality, which enables them to find meaning in their illness. Hence, assessing spirituality among this population group will enable nurses to provide holistic nursing care, as this can help them cope with the challenges associated with their illness.

Critical Care Nursing in the Philippines: Historical Past, Current Practices, and Future Directions.

This article provides a brief background on critical care nursing in the Philippines, its trend on current practice, and its implication and future direction. An overview is given on the milieu and processes inherent in the critical care unit with the intensive care unit setup taken as its exemplar. The roles and responsibilities of critical care nurses within these units and nature of common issues within their practice is explored. The need for training in communication skills, conflict resolution, and palliative care is implied for these nurses to fully fulfill their roles as collaborative clinician and active patient advocate.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19 among student nurses in Manila, Philippines: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Assessing the current understanding of future health care workers about the COVID-19 is very important in order to identify gaps that affect their perceptions and responses, which they can integrate into the people in the community. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19 of student nurses in Manila, Philippines. Methods: This study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional survey of 314 individuals from October 2020 to December 2020 to evaluate the association of different factors to knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19. Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data gathered. Results: The survey revealed that the respondents have a mean knowledge score of 18.76 (SD = 1.64), a mean score for attitude of 26.58 (SD = 2.71) and a mean score for practice of 4.26 (SD = 0.93). A significant different were noted in terms of year level with level 3 having a higher mean score (M = 19.01, F = 2.696, p = 0.046) compared to other levels and type of school, with public university students having a higher level of knowledge (M = 18.97, t = 2.070, p = 0.039). In terms of attitude, females have higher mean scores (M = 26.85, t = -2.630, p = 0.009 and students from public university have higher scores (M = 2.81, t = -4.406, p = 0.000) than students from private university. For practice, a significant difference was noted in terms of year level, with level 3 students having a higher mean score (M = 4.42, F = 3.180, p = 0.024) compared to other year levels. Conclusion: Filipino student nurses have a high level of knowledge about COVID-19 and are mainly optimistic about controlling the pandemic. Nevertheless, having constant reminder from the authorities and health care professionals are the solution to aid public knowledge and comprehension relating to COVID-19.

Protective role of resilience on COVID-19 impact on the quality of life of nursing students in the Philippines.

Background: Studies have shown that resilience has a buffering effect on mental health problems. However, the influence of resilience on the impact on the Quality of Life (QoL) in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has not been well documented. Objective: This study examined the influence of resilience on the COVID-19 impact on QoL among nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was utilized. Three hundred and forty-five students of a government-funded nursing school in the Philippines responded in the web-based survey. Data were gathered using two adopted instruments from 18 to 31 August 2020. Test for differences and correlational analyses were performed. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic had a moderate impact on the QoL of nursing students. The COVID-19 impact on QoL significantly varied with sex and the nearby presence of COVID-19 cases. Bivariate analysis revealed a significant moderate inverse relationship between psychological resilience and the impact of COVID-19 on QoL. Conclusion: Resilience has a protective influence on the impact on QoL concerning main areas of mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the factors and developing interventions that build the resilience of students is a focal point of action for nursing schools.

Relationship between academic performance and the nursing licensure examination of graduates from a city-subsidized university

This study determined the relationship between the academic performance and nursing licensure examination of graduates of a city-subsidized university and the nursing professional subjects that best predict the outcome of the nursing licensure examination. The study used a descriptive-correlation design. Academic records of two batches in 2012 and 2013 were used. Independent variables included the nursing professional subjects and the dependent variables were the subtests in the licensure examination. Means, standard deviations, Pearson r correlation, and Multiple Regression Analysis were used for the quantitative data. Findings reveal that graduates were average performers in their academics. This was inversely correlated with the nursing licensure examination. This still suggests direct relationship since the grading system in the university ranged from 1.0 to 5.0 where 1.0 is excellent. Critical Appraisal II, Nursing Care Management 104, and Nursing Care Management 106 were significant predictors of performance in the licensure examination.