Tegumentary leishmaniasis in Brazil: priority municipalities and spatiotemporal relative risks from 2001 to 2020.

Understanding the distribution of tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) in different periods enables the adequate conduction of actions at the public health level. The present study analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution of TL incidence rates in the municipalities of Brazil and identifies priority areas from 2001 to 2020. Notifications of new cases were analyzed employing space-time scan statistics and Local Indicators of Spatial Association. As TL incidence rates presented a downward trend in most Brazilian municipalities, spatiotemporal clusters of high relative risks (RR) were more frequent in the first decade of the series. There was a concentration of those clusters in the North and Northeast regions, mainly in the Legal Amazon area. More recent high-RR areas were identified in municipalities of different regions. The number of priority municipalities showed a stable trend in Brazil. There was a great concentration of such municipalities in the states of Acre, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, Pará, and Amapá, as well as large areas in Roraima, Amazonas, Maranhão, and Tocantins, and smaller areas in the states of Goiás, Ceará, Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Paraná. The present study contributes to the understanding of the historical evolution of TL in Brazil and subsidizes actions to combat the disease.

Comparative analysis of the antimicrobial resistance and virulence traits in ESBL-producing-Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 strains colonizing the gastrointestinal tract and causing a fatal bloodstream infection in a leukemia patient.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that can colonize the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of humans. The mechanisms underlying the successful translocation of this pathogen to cause extra-intestinal infections remain unknown, although virulence and antimicrobial resistance traits likely play significant roles in the establishment of infections. We investigated K. pneumoniae strains isolated from GIT colonization (strains Kp_FZcol-1, Kp_FZcol-2 and Kp_FZcro-1) and from a fatal bloodstream infection (strain Kp_HM-1) in a leukemia patient. All strains belonged to ST307, carried a transferable IncF plasmid containing the blaCTX-M-15 gene (pKPN3-307 TypeA-like plasmid) and showed a multidrug-resistance phenotype. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that Kp_HM-1 was more closely related to Kp_FZcro-1 than to the other colonizing strains. The Kp_FZcol-2 genome showed 81 % coverage with the Kp_HM-1 246,730 bp plasmid (pKp_HM-1), lacking most of its putative virulence genes. Searching public genomes with similar coverage, we observed the occurrence of this deletion in K. pneumoniae ST307 strains recovered from human colonization and infection in different countries. Our findings suggest that strains lacking the putative virulence genes found in the pKPN3-307 TypeA plasmid are still able to colonize and infect humans, highlighting the need to further investigate the role of these genes for the adaptation of K. pneumoniae ST307 in distinct human body sites.

Uma psicanálise negra: desobediências ontológicas e epistêmicas de psicólogas e psicanalistas racializadas / A black psychoanalysis: ontological and epistemic disobediences of racialized psychologists and psychoanalysts / Un psicoanálisis negro: desobediencias ontológicas y epistémicas de psicólogas y psicoanalistas racializadas

Resumo: A partir de uma perspectiva decolonial, o objetivo da pesquisa foi compreender os lugares do negro na Psicanálise atualmente. Para isto, foram realizadas 13 entrevistas semiestruturadas com psicólogas e psicanalistas negras com prática clínica. A partir de análise categorial-temática, identificamos quatro categorias: escolha da Psicanálise, articulações entre Psicanálise e relações raciais, descobrindo-se negra e a cor da Psicanálise e das (não) psicanalistas. Diante do reconhecimento das limitações da Psicanálise, foi a experiência vivida do negro o motor de deslocamento ontológico que viabilizou desobediências epistêmicas configuradas na articulação da Psicanálise com teorias sociais. Este resultado evidencia o entrelaçamento da colonialidade do saber e do ser na matriz colonial do poder e enfatiza a desobediência ontológica como via fundamental para práticas psis antirracistas.

Resumen: Desde una perspectiva decolonial, el objetivo de la investigación fue comprender los lugares de las personas negras en el Psicoanálisis hoy. Para ello, se realizaron 13 entrevistas semiestructuradas a psicólogas y psicoanalistas negras con práctica clínica. A partir de un análisis categorial-temático identificamos cuatro categorías: elección del Psicoanálisis, articulaciones entre Psicoanálisis y relaciones raciales, descubrirse negra y el color del Psicoanálisis y de las (no) psicoanalistas. Dado el reconocimiento de las limitaciones del Psicoanálisis, fue la experiencia vivida por las personas negras el motor del desplazamiento ontológico que permitió la desobediencia epistémica configurada en la articulación del Psicoanálisis con las teorías sociales. Este resultado resalta el entrelazamiento de la colonialidad del conocimiento y el estar en la matriz colonial de poder y enfatiza la desobediencia ontológica como un camino fundamental hacia las prácticas psi antirracistas.

Abstract: From a decolonial perspective, the aim of the research was to understand the places of black people in Psychoanalysis today. For this, 13 semi-structured interviews were carried out with black psychologists and psychoanalysts with clinical practice. From a categorical-thematic analysis, we identified four categories: choosing Psychoanalysis, articulating Psychoanalysis and racial relations, discovering oneself as black and the color of Psychoanalysis and of (non) psychoanalysts. Given the recognition of Psychoanalysis's constraints, it was the lived experience of black people that was the engine of ontological displacement that enabled epistemic disobedience configured in the articulation of Psychoanalysis with social theories. This result highlights the intertwining of the coloniality of knowledge and being in the colonial matrix of power, emphasizing ontological disobedience as a fundamental path to anti-racist psychological practices.

Assessment of the in Vitro Antimelanoma Potential of Lippia microphylla Cham (Verbenaceae) Essential Oil.

Essential oils stand out among natural products for their complex composition, frequently described in the literature with a range of biological effects. This study evaluated the cytotoxic activity against several human cancer cell lines of essential oils extracted from the leaves of Lippia microphylla (EO-LM) Cham. (Verbenaceae). The melanoma cell line SK-MEL-28 was the most sensitive to the EO-LM, presenting an IC50 of 33.38±1.16 µg/mL. Afterward, the effects of EO-LM on the cell cycle, induction of apoptosis, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated. We stated a significant increase in the sub-G1 population, indicating apoptosis, later confirmed by an increase of SK-MEL-28 cells labeled with Annexin V-FITC and by the formation of apoptotic bodies and membrane blebs, observed by confocal microscopy. Additionally, EO-LM reduced the production of ROS, indicating antioxidant activity. Therefore, EO-LM exhibits anti-melanoma activity in vitro, suggesting its potential as an anticancer agent.

Da psicodinâmica à psicopatologia do trabalho no Brasil: (in)definições e possibilidades / De la psicodinámica a la psicopatología del trabajo em Brasil: (in)definiciónes y posibilidades / From psychodynamics to psychopathology of work in Brazil: (in)definitions and possibilities

RESUMO. O presente artigo analisou o estado da arte da psicopatologia do trabalho no Brasil, como objeto de pesquisa e como disciplina, a partir de revisão bibliográfica sistemática integrativa. Foi realizado levantamento em bases de dados virtuais utilizando os descritores 'psicopatologia do trabalho' e 'psicopatologia' (AND) 'trabalho'. Foram incluídos artigos disponibilizados integralmente em português publicados em revistas com revisão cega de pares contendo os descritores no título, resumo, palavras-chave e/ou corpo do texto. O conjunto final dos textos analisados se constituiu de 28 artigos publicados entre 1992 e 2019 majoritariamente em periódicos da psicologia com psicodinâmica do trabalho como referencial teórico e/ou metodológico. Foram ainda identificadas três tendências no uso do termo 'psicopatologia do trabalho' nos artigos: 1) psicopatologia do trabalho como objeto de estudo; 2) como disciplina; e 3) para debater as compreensões das relações entre trabalho e patologias e suas implicações na prática. Enquanto objeto de estudo, as relações entre trabalho e doença mental são negligenciadas. Como disciplina, identificaram-se imprecisões que flexibilizam ou ignoram os limites entre psicopatologia e psicodinâmica do trabalho. Ambas as tendências da literatura podem estar relacionadas com a desconsideração de fatores históricos na determinação da construção dos campos de estudo.

RESUMEN. El presente artículo analizó el estado del arte de la Psicopatología del Trabajo en Brasil, como objeto de investigación y como disciplina, a partir de revisión bibliográfica sistemática integrativa. Se realizó un levantamiento en bases de datos virtuales utilizando los descriptores 'psicopatología del trabajo' y 'psicopatología' (AND) 'trabajo'. Se incluyeron artículos disponibles integralmente en portugués publicados en revistas con revisión ciega de pares conteniendo los descriptores en el título, resumen, palabras clave y/o cuerpo del texto. El conjunto final de textos analizados se constituyó de 28 artículos publicados entre 1992 y 2019 mayoritariamente en periódicos de Psicología con Psicodinámica del Trabajo como referencial teórico y/o metodológico. Se identificaron tres tendencias en el uso del término 'psicopatología del trabajo' en los artículos: 1) psicopatología del trabajo como objeto de estudio; 2) como disciplina; y 3) para debatir las comprensiones de las relaciones entre trabajo y patologías y sus implicaciones en la práctica. En cuanto objeto de estudio, las relaciones entre el trabajo y la enfermedad mental son poco estudiadas. Como disciplina, se identificaron imprecisiones que flexibilizan o ignoran los límites entre Psicopatología y Psicodinámica del Trabajo. Ambas tendencias de la literatura pueden estar relacionadas con la desconsideración de factores históricos en la determinación de la construcción de los campos de estudio.

ABSTRACT. This article analyzed the state of the art of psychopathology of work in Brazil, as an object of study and as a subject, by performing an integrative systematic literature review. A search was conducted in virtual databases using the descriptors 'psychopathology of work' and 'psychopathology' (AND) 'work'. We included articles available in full in Portuguese, published in blind peer-reviewed journals containing the descriptors in the title, abstract, keywords and/or body of the text. The final set of texts consisted of 28 articles published between 1992 and 2019, mostly in psychology journals using psychodynamics of work as theoretical and/or methodological reference. Three trends were also identified in the use of the term 'psychopathology of work' in the articles: 1) psychopathology of work as an object of study; 2) as a subject; and 3) to discuss the understandings of the relationships between work and pathologies and their practical implications. As an object of study, the relationship between work and mental illness is neglected. As a subject, inaccuracies that flexibilize or ignore the limits between psychopathology of work and psychodynamics of work were identified. Both trends in the literature may be related to the lack of reflections that consider the Brazilian context to understand the relations between work and pathology.

Characterization of an emergent high-risk KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae lineage causing a fatal wound infection after spine surgery.

Surgical site infections in instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery are normally due to gram-positive bacteria, but gram-negative bacteria can cause infections in cases involving lower lumbar interventions as its closer to the perianal area. Here we report an uncommon fatal wound infection caused by a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae after an elective spine surgery. In silico analysis revealed that LWI_ST16 belonged to ST16, an emergent international clone notable for its increased virulence potential. We also observed that this strain carried a conjugative IncF plasmid encoding resistance genes to beta-lactams (blaKPC-2 and blaOXA-1), tetracycline (tetA), aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones (aac(6')-Ib-cr). The carbapenemase encoding gene blaKPC-2 was located on a Tn4401e transposon previously characterized to increase blaKPC expression. LWI_ST16 is a strong biofilm producer on polystyrene and capable of forming tower-like structures on a titanium device like the one inserted in the patient's spine. Our findings strengthen the valuable contribution of continuous surveillance of multidrug-resistant and high-risk K. pneumoniae clones to avoid unfavourable clinical outcomes.

Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Lys-[Trp6]hy-a1 Combined with Ciprofloxacin Against Gram-Negative Bacteria.

BACKGROUND: Ciprofloxacin (Cip) is the most commonly used quinolone in clinical practice; however large-scale use has favored the increase of multiresistant pathogenic microorganisms. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) appear to be a promising alternative in potentiating these conventional drugs. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the peptide Lys-[Trp6]hy-a1 (lys-a1) on the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of ciprofloxacin against clinically relevant gram-negative bacteria. METHODS: The antimicrobial effects of Cip and lys-a1 were assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). The synergistic action of Cip and lys-a1 was determined by checkerboard assay. The time-kill curve was constructed for the Cip/lys-a1 combination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027. The antibiofilm activity of this combination was analyzed by crystal violet, colony-forming unit count and atomic force microscopy (AFM). RESULTS: The data demonstrated that lys-a1 was able to inhibit planktonic growth of strains of P. aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae both at 125 µg/mL. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICi) showed a synergistic effect between Cip and lys-a1 against P. aeruginosa, decreasing the MICs of the individual antimicrobial agents by 4- and 8-fold, respectively. This effect was also observed for the death kinetics and antibiofilm activity. Analysis of the early biofilms (6 h) as well as isolated cells by AFM images evidenced the cell perturbation caused by Cip/lys-a1 treatment. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that lys-a1 has biotechnological potential as a therapeutic tool for the treatment of infections caused by clinically relevant microorganisms, especially P. aeruginosa.