[Scientific rationale for the use of vitamins in the prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. Report 2. Vitamin deficit as a factor complicating the course disease and reducing the efficiency of medical and prophylaxis measures].

Vitamin insufficiency disrupting metabolism, enhances the course of any disease and hinders successful treatment. In this connection the treatment of any patient should include a correction of the existing polyvitaminic deficiency and maintain of optimal provision by all micronutrients. Using vitamins in the treatment of primary avitaminosis, correction of secondary metabolism and function of vitamins, as well as medicamental therapy and various restrictrions in a diet is undisputed. Congenital genetically defects in the metabolism and function of vitamins form a special group of diseases that require high doses of vitamins and its parenteral injection.

[Effectiveness of use in preventive nutrition the food ptoducts with contents of pectin and vitamins].

Daily inclusion in the diet of Pskov GRES workers the drinks or kissels containing 2 g pectin per daily serving (cup) during 6 months was accompanied by a statistically significant decline of their supply with vitamins C, B2, A and beta-carotene. This is reflected both in reducing the average vitamin concentration in blood serum and in the increase of the quota of people with deficiency of several vitamins. Additional inclusion of 13 vitamins in these drinks and kissels, in a dose about 80% of the RDA, has prevented the deterioration of vitamin status.

[Effect of vitamin beverages on vitamin sufficiency of the workers of Pskov Hydroelectric Power-Plant].

The research of influence of vitamin complexes in the form of a drink or kissel on vitamin sufficiency of working persons has been carried out. Long inclusion (6,5 months) in a diet of vitamin drinks containing about 80% from recommended daily consumption of vitamins, was accompanied by trustworthy improvement of vitamins C and B6 sufficiency and prevention of seasonal deterioration of beta-carotene status. As initially surveyed have been well provided with vitamins A and E, their blood serum level increase had not occurred.

[Substantiation of vitamins and minerals level in fortified foodstuffs].

In the review the analysis of the existing in world practice normative documents that regulate the addition of vitamins and minerals to foods and the substantiation of their level in fortified foodstuffs have been presented. The degree of foodstuffs enrichment with micronutrients (mass or volume of foods containing from 15 to 50 per cent from daily recommended allowance) has been proposed.

[Scientific rationale for the use of vitamins in the prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. Report 1. Lack of vitamins in the diet of modern human: reasons, consequences and correction].

Specific function of most vitamins is that they are in the form the body co-enzyme or prosthetic groups are included in the active sites of proteins, enzymes, and thus participate in the mechanisms of enzymatic catalysis of diverse metabolic reactions that underlie life processes and functions of organism. Inadequate intake of micronutrients is a common problem for all economically developed countries. It is the reverse of scientific, technological and social progress, which led to a significant reduction of energy consumption and, consequently, to a corresponding decrease in the total amount of food consumed by modern human. In these circumstances, the most effective and physiologically sound manner to radically improve the security of the population lacking vitamins is to regularly include into a diet products, enriched by these valuable biologically active substances or multivitamins (vitamin and mineral) complexes containing the appropriate vitamins and mineral elements in amounts recommended by the physiological standards of consumption.

[The influence of age and sex on fat- and water-soluble vitamins sufficiency of adulthood].

Serum concentrations of vitamins A, B2, B6, C, E and beta-carotene were determined in 174 healthy individuals ages 22-59 years. It was been shown that only 11% of examined men and 24% of women were well provided with all vitamins-antioxidants and beta-carotene. 38% cent of women and 67% cent of men had the combined insufficiency of 2-3 antioxidants (more often of vitamin C, B2 and beta-carotene). Men presented significantly higher serum retinol concentrations and lower concentrations of vitamin C and beta-carotene--than women. Serum concentrations of retinol for women and tocopherols for both men and women increased by 0.3% and 0.4% per year, respectively.

[Antioxidant level and lipid metabolism in patients with cardiovascular disease].

Studies of fat- and water-soluble antioxidants sufficiency (retinol, alfa- and gamma-tocopherols, alfa- and beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthin, ascorbic and uric acids) and lipid spectrum in patients with cardiovascular disease revealed that blood levels of some carotenoids are directly related to blood levels of vitamin C and to levels of cholesterol of high-density lipoproteins. As total carotenoids content in blood decreased lower than 80 microg/dl, the significant raise of average concentration of urates (p=0.012) and significant decrease of ascorbic acid (p=0.007) content in blood of the patients were observed.

[Vitamin and mineral supply of patients with cardiovascular diseases].

Analysis of dietary intake for the month before admission using the food frequency method in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) showed high level consumption of vitamin C, excessive consumption of phosphorus and deficiency in consumption of vitamins A, B1, B2. 82% of patients had low calcium excretion per 1 kg of body mass, 16% of people had high level of bone resorption. In the group of patients with low calcium consumption, content of all the vitamins in daily ration was significantly lower, than that in the group with adequate calcium consumption. High spread of osteopenia among patients with CVD was expected because of deficiency in calcium consumption and their lowe supply with vitamin D, that appears risk factors of osteoporosis. But, actually, only 10% of patients had osteopenia and only 2 from 132 osteoporosis. Knowing that 95% of patients were overweighted, we suppose that low spread of osteopenia may be caused by estrogen-producing ability of fatty tissue.

[To the 20th anniversary of the Chornobyl accident study of vitamin status and provision with micro- and macroelements of limited groups of people at different time periods since the accident at Chornobyl nuclear power plant].

Results of the study of the provision with vitamins and some micro- and macroelements of limited groups of people, who suffered from the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP), which have been carried out by Ukrainian and Russian scientists during various periods after the accident, are generalized in the paper. Persons which participated in liquidation of the accident and lived during the accident in the territory, adjoining to Pripyat (the Kyiv region, town of Slavutich), people which worked at the object "Shelter" and ChNPP were involved in the inspection. It was noted, that in 1-4 years after the ChNPP accident in blood of liquidators the biochemical parameters displaying security of their organism by vitamins A and B1, remain lower in comparison with the same parameters in a group of relatively healthy persons which were not affected by the accident (control), that testifies to stable metabolic disturbance in the organism of people under irradiation influence. Selective inspection of the vitamin status of ChNPP and object "Shelter" personnel in 1992 has shown, that provision with vitamins C, B1, B2, B6 of the overwhelming majority of these people (67-91%) are much below the norm. Deficiency of vitamins C, B1, B6, folate and selenium is also revealed in an organism of 50-90% of women and children living in Slavutich. Deficit of vitamins in most of persons was characterized by polyhypovitaminoses, that is a combination of several group B vitamins deficiency at simultaneously low provision with selenium, and in a part of women and children--by low amount of iron. The results of long-term complex studies by groups of authors give evidence on importance and urgency of formulation and execution of International program on optimisation of nutrition, micronutrition status and health among population of affected areas in Ukraine, Bielorus' and Russia.

[Food supplements as a supplementary source of vitamins in the nourishment of the healthy and ill people].

The article considers next items: scientific grounds for preventive and clinical application of vitamins, their recommended dietary intakes, reasons and consequences of their insufficient intake, significance and efficiency of fortificated foods and food supplements for improvement and health.

[To 20-years anniversary of Chernobyl catastrophe: an attempt to study the vitamin, calcium, iron and selenium status of children and adult population in Slavutich and to correct elicited deficiencies].

The article concisely illustrates the vitamin and mineral state of population of town of Slavutich, including personal of Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station, children of pre-school age and pregnancy women, studied in 1992. Vitamins and minerals deficiency in the main of C and B vitamins and selenium was revealed in all the studied groups. Appropriate measures were developed and introduced to eliminate the detected dusturbances; but however some unsolved problems remained. Taking into account the forthcoming 20th anniversary of Chernobyl disarter, the authors of the come back to considering the obtained data in hope to atlract attention of medical scientific and public to the remained unsolved problems of micronutrient deficiency.

[The influence of the vitamin-mineral complex upon the blood vitamin, calcium and phosphorus of patients with ostreoarthrosis].

In research in which 11 osteoarthrosis patients with osteoarthrosis of the knee-joint of II-III degree and 18 healthy people took part, it has been shown that sufficiency with vitamin C, carotinoids and calcium of osteoarthrosis patients was worse than that of healthy people. These micronutrients blood plasma level in both groups was less than the lower border of normal sufficiency. Whereas patients from both groups were adequately supplied with vitamins A, E, B2 and phosphorus. Addition of vitamin-mineral complex to patients ration course 30 days resulted in eliminating insufficiently of vitamin C, carotinoids, beta-carotin, calcium and in hardly noticable changes of initial high levels of vitamin A, E, B and phosphoris. These nutrients deficit disappeared while there was no noticeable change in the initial optimal provision with vitamins B2, A and E. Thus, there is no doubt in arguments in favour of additional enrichment with vitamins and calcium of osteoarthrosis patients diet.

[Theoretical and practical aspects of modern vitaminology].

General subjects and achievement of modern vitaminology are discussed. The most impressive success in fundamental vitaminology during last three-four decades was achieved in following areas: elucidation of vitamins metabolic roles and molecular mechanisms in their action; development and improvement of high sensitive modern methods for analytical vitamins determination in biological objects and food; establishment of reliable criteria and methods for human vitamin status assessment; examination of physiological human vitamin requirements and establishment of Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) or Adequate Levels (AL) of their intake; elaboration of scientifical grounds for reasonable vitamins application in diseases prevention and treatment. In the area of applied vitaminology the most attention during last decades was paid to next subjects: regular broad vitamin status examination of representative groups of population; reasoning, development, realization and evaluation of broad scale measures for prevention of vitamin insufficiency and improvement of vitamin status of population; development and industrial production of vitamins, multivitamin-mineral preparations and various vitamin enriched food stuffs for the same purpose. Decrease of state financial support for fundamental studies and cessation of such a support for applied investigation make it necessary to organize nonstate commercial scientific-technologic center functioning on the requests of vitamin producers and consumers.

[Implementation of State Policy in healthy nutrition of the population of the Russian Federation on the regional level: building-up regional policy and programs. Methodical aspects of development and implementation. Part 2. Recommendations were made development and realization of regional policy and programs in the healthy nutrition of the population].

Recommendations were made development and realization of regional policy and programs in the healthy nutrition of the population.

[Comparative study 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferols and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferols effect on ionized calcium level in blood plasma of patients with osteoporosis].

Comparative study results of vitamin's D active metabolites 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (24,25(OH)2D3) effect on ionised calcium level in blood plasma of patients with postmenopause osteoporosis are described. Administration of 24,25(OH)2D3 for patients with osteoporosis leads to gradual stepped increase of ionised calcium level in blood plasma. This level remains normal and does not change in 2 weeks after cancelling of drug administration. Prescription of 1,25(OH)2D3 rapidly increases ionised calcium level in blood plasma and it's cancelling leads to normalisation of ionized calcium concentration in blood plasma during 1 week. Combination of two medicines causes summation of their effects. Administration of 24,25(OH)2D3 (10 mcg per 24 hours) and 1,25(OH)2D3 (0.5 mcg per 24 hours) doesn't cause any of incidental and allergic reactions.

[Implementation of state policy in healthy nutrition of the population of the Russian Federation on the regional level: building up regional policy and regional programms. Methodical aspects of development and implementation. Part 1].

Recommendations on development and implementation of regional policy and programs in the of healthy nutrition of the population are presented.

[Theoretical and practical aspects of modern vitaminology]. / Teoreticheskie i prakticheskie aspekty vitaminologii.

General subjects and achievements of modern vitaminology are discussed. The most impressive success in fundamental vitaminology during last three-four decades was achieved in the following areas: elucidation of vitamins metabolic roles and molecular mechanisms in their action; development and improvement of highly sensitive modern methods for analytical vitamins determination in biological objects and food; creation of reliable criteria and methods for human vitamin status assessment; examination of physiological human vitamin requirements and establishment of Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) or Adequate Levels (AL) of their intake; elaboration of scientifical grounds for reasonable vitamins application in diseases prevention and treatment. In the field of applied vitaminology main attention during last decades was given to the next subjects: regular broad vitamin status examination of representative groups of population; reasoning, development, realization and evaluation of broad scale measures for prevention of vitamin insufficiency and improvement of vitamin status of population; development and industrial production of vitamins, multivitamin-mineral preparations and various vitamin enriched foodstuffs for the same purpose. Decrease of state financial support for fundamental studies and cessation of such a support for applied investigation make it necessary to organize nonstate commercial scientific-technologic center functioning on the requests of vitamin producers and consumers.

[Vitamins stability in fortified dairy products]. / Sokhrannost' vitaminov v obogashchennykh molochnykh produktakh.

High safety of vitamins during vitaminization of dairy products has been shown. Adding of vitamins before pasteurization or sterilization of milk is guaranting its microbiological purity and doesn't change organoleptic quality of dairy products.

[The connection between vitamin and antioxidant status of the children with decreased hemoglobin level]. / Vzaimosviaz' mezhdu vitaminnym i antioksidantnym statusom u detei s ponizhennym urovnem gemoglobina.

The investigation of vitamin sufficiency of 96 children 4-15 years old living in Moscow with decreased hemoglobin level (less 120 g/l) has been carried out in spring in 2001. Most of the children (90 per cent) had the combined deficiency of B group vitamins and carotenoids while they were sufficiently vitamin C supplied. There were only 2 per cent of children adequately supplied with all vitamins. Range correlation between hemoglobin blood level and riboflavin and tocopherols serum concentration has been observed. Marked negative linear correlation between riboflavin and malone dialdehyde serum content has been revealed: more sufficiently supplied with vitamin B2 child has lower lipid oxidative product level. Thus the necessity of vitamin B2 including in complex therapy of iron deficiency is based.

[Vitamins and minerals in complex rehabilitation and therapy of osteoporosis]. / Vitaminy i mineral'nye veshchestva v kompleksnoi reabilitatsii i lechenii osteoporoza.

The review of the literature both own given of the author and its employees on a problem of preventive maintenance osteoporosis in submitted. The set of available results enables to believe that alimentary the preventive maintenance osteoporosis oweis is reduced not only to reception calcium and vitamin D and to be based on optimum consumption of all complex macro- and micronutrients participating in process osteoporosis.