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BACKGROUND: Exposure to light at night (LAN) has been associated with multiple adverse health outcomes. However, evidence is limited regarding the impacts of LAN exposure on human inflammation. OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between real-ambient bedroom LAN exposure with systemic inflammation and circadian rhythm of inflammatory markers. METHODS: Using data from a prospective cohort study of Chinese young adults. At baseline, bedroom LAN exposure was measured with a portable illuminance meter; fasting blood sample for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) assay was collected. At 3-year follow-up, 20 healthy young adults (10 LANavg < 5â¯lx, 10 LANavg ≥ 5â¯lx) were recruited from the same cohort; time-series venous blood samples were sampled every 4â¯h over a 24â¯h-cycle for the detection of 8 inflammatory markers. Circadian rhythm of inflammatory markers was assessed using cosinor analysis. RESULTS: At baseline, the average age of the 276 participants was 18.7 years, and 33.3â¯% were male. Higher levels of bedroom LAN exposure were significantly associated with increased hs-CRP levels. The association between bedroom LAN exposure and systemic inflammation was only significant in the inactive group (MVPA < 2â¯h/d) but not in the physically active group (MVPA ≥ 2â¯h/d). In addition, exposure to higher levels of nighttime light (LANavg ≥ 5â¯lx) disrupted circadian rhythms (including rhythmic expression, circadian amplitude and circadian phase) of some inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory balance indicators. CONCLUSION: Exposure to bedroom nighttime light increases systemic inflammation and disrupts circadian rhythm of inflammatory markers. Keep bedroom darkness at night may represent important strategies for the prevention of chronic inflammation. Additionally, for people living a community with higher nighttime light pollution, regular physical activity may be a viable option to counteract the negative impacts of LAN exposure on chronic inflammation.
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Biomarcadores , Proteína C-Reactiva , Ritmo Circadiano , Inflamación , Luz , Humanos , Masculino , Inflamación/sangre , Femenino , Biomarcadores/sangre , Adulto Joven , Estudios Prospectivos , Adolescente , Luz/efectos adversos , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Iluminación/efectos adversos , China , AdultoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the causal relationship between sleep fragmentation (SF) parameters with general and abdominal obesity in free-living conditions. METHODS: SF parameters were assessed by ActiGraph accelerometers for 7 consecutive days. Obesity was measured at baseline and 1-year follow-up with InBody S10 body composition analyzer. RESULTS: At baseline, the mean age of the study population was 18.7 years old (SD = 0.9) and 139 (35.7%) were male. Each 1-unit increase of baseline sleep fragmentation index (SFI) was associated with 0.08 kg/m2-increase of body mass index (BMI) (95% CI: 0.03, 0.14), 0.20%-increase of percentage of body fat (PBF) (95% CI: 0.07, 0.32), 0.15 kg-increase of fat mass (FM) (95% CI: 0.03, 0.27), 0.15 cm-increase of waist circumference (WC) (95% CI: 0.03, 0.26) and 0.91 cm2-increase of visceral fat area (VFA) (95% CI: 0.36, 1.46) at the 1-year follow-up. In addition, each 1-unit increase of baseline SFI was associated with 15% increased risk of general obesity (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.04-1.28; p = 0.006) and 7% increased risk of abdominal obesity (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01-1.13; p = 0.021) in the following year. CONCLUSIONS: Fragmented sleep is independently associated with an increased risk of both general and abdominal obesity. The result highlights SF as a modifiable risk factor for the prevention and treatment of obesity.
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BACKGROUND: Light at night (LAN) have attracted increased research attention on account of its widespread health hazards. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of real-ambient bedroom LAN exposure on circadian rhythm among young adults and potential sex differences. METHODS: Bedroom LAN exposure was measured at 60-s intervals for 2 consecutive days using a portable illuminance meter. Circadian phase was determined by the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) time in 7 time-series saliva samples. RESULTS: The mean age of the 142 participants was 20.7 ± 0.8 years, and 59.9% were women. The average DLMO time was 21:00 ± 1:11 h, with men (21:19 ± 1:12 h) later than women (20:48 ± 1:07 h). Higher level of LAN intensity (LANavg ≥ 3lx vs. LANavg < 3lx) was associated with an 81.0-min later in DLMO time (95% CI: 0.99, 1.72), and longer duration of nighttime light intensity ≥ 5lx (LAN5; LAN5 ≥ 45 min vs. LAN5 < 45 min) was associated with a 51.6-min later in DLMO time (95% CI: 0.46, 1.26). In addition, the delayed effect of LAN exposure on circadian phase was more pronounced in men than in women (all P-values <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, bedroom LAN exposure was significantly associated with delayed circadian rhythm. Additionally, the delayed effect is more significant in men. Keeping bedroom dark at night may be a practicable option to prevent circadian disruption and associated health implications. Future studies with more advanced light measurement instrument and consensus methodology for DLMO assessment are warranted.
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Ritmo Circadiano , Luz , Melatonina , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Estudios Transversales , China , Iluminación , Saliva/química , Saliva/efectos de la radiación , Adulto , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To investigate the cross-sectional associations between real-world multiperiod bedroom light at night and sleep parameters among 365 Chinese young adults. METHODS: Bedroom light exposure was estimated at the individual level for two consecutive days using a portable illuminance meter. Subjective sleep parameters were measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and objective sleep parameters were assessed by wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometers for seven consecutive days. RESULTS: Compared with the low-exposure group (average light intensity < 3lx), the high-exposure group (average light intensity ≥ 3lx) was associated with decreased 1.15% in sleep efficiency (sleep efficiency, 95% CI: -1.78, -0.52; p < .001), increased 3.94 minutes in wake after sleep onset (wake after sleep onset, 95% CI: 1.55, 6.33; p = .001), increased 1.05 unit in movement index (95% CI: 0.20, 1.89; p = .015), and increased 2.16 unit in sleep fragmentation index ( 95% CI: 0.63, 3.68; p = .006). In comparison, each interquartile increase in 2h-average and 1h-average intensity of preawake light (PAL) (PAL-2h and PAL-1h) was associated with 7.04 minutes of increases in total sleep time (95% CI: 0.87, 13.22; p = .025) and 6.69 minutes of increases in total sleep time (95% CI: 0.51, 12.87; p = .034), respectively. DISCUSSION: Altogether, our results support the role of bedroom light exposure in sleep and imply the importance of bedroom light exposure management as a potential strategy to reduce the public health burden of sleep problems. Keeping the bedroom environment dark at night and allowing moderate morning light exposure may be important measures for improving the sleep quality of young adults.
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Contaminación Lumínica , Sueño , Humanos , Adulto Joven , Estudios Transversales , Polisomnografía , ChinaAsunto(s)
Abuso Sexual Infantil , Calidad de Vida , Resiliencia Psicológica , Niño , Humanos , Pueblos del Este de Asia , Estudiantes , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Child sexual abuse (CSA) has been recognized as a risk factor for sexual dysfunction and has attracted increasing attention. However, controversies remain regarding related research. The aim is to calculate the pooled effect size estimate for the correlation between CSA and sexual dysfunction in adults by meta-analysis. Five bibliographic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycINFO) were comprehensively searched to clarify the association between CSA and sexual dysfunction in adults. We used a fixed-effects model to determine the total pooled effect size estimate and reported odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analysis, publication bias analysis, and sensitivity analysis were conducted. Adults who had a history of CSA experienced a higher proportion of sexual dysfunction than adults with no history of CSA (OR = 1.68, 95% CI [1.49, 1.87]). Subgroup analysis showed that women with a history of CSA reported a higher proportion of sexual dysfunction than men with a history of CSA (men: OR = 1.45, 95% CI [1.05, 1.84]; women: OR = 1.62, 95% CI [1.42, 1.83]). The estimates of the effect sizes differed substantially depending on the CSA and sexual dysfunction instruments that were used in each study and the region of each sample. This meta-analysis provides conclusive evidence of an association between CSA and sexual dysfunction in adults. Currently known interventions for the treatment of sexual dysfunction after CSA have only been evaluated in women, so specific interventions should be designed for men CSA survivors who experience sexual impairment.
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Abuso Sexual Infantil , Maltrato a los Niños , Masculino , Niño , Humanos , Adulto , Femenino , Conducta Sexual , Factores de Riesgo , SobrevivientesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity rates have increased rapidly in Chinese school-age children, and previous studies have indicated that poor dietary literacy can lead to unhealthy eating behaviours. However, few studies have investigated the association between the dietary literacy of daily diet providers and the eating behaviours and nutritional status of school-age children raised by the providers. Thus, we aimed to explore this association. METHODS: We collected data on the eating behaviours and nutritional status of children in two primary schools in Anhui Province, as well as the dietary literacy of their daily diet providers. T-tests, one-way ANOVA, chi-square tests, and multiple linear regression were used to analyse the association. RESULTS: We found significant differences in the scores on the Questionnaire of Children's Daily Diet Providers' Dietary Literacy (QCDDPDL) by region, relationship with the child, age, and educational level of the daily diet provider (all p < .05). Moreover, the children in the low QCDDPDL score group were inclined to engage in unhealthy eating behaviours such as emotional undereating and overeating (p < .05). In addition, the incidence of overweight and obesity was higher in the low QCDDPDL attitude score group than in the high score group (p = .006). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the dietary literacy of diet providers may influence children's health and eating behaviours. Improving the dietary literacy of diet providers may promote the health status and eating behaviours of school-age children.
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Estado Nutricional , Instituciones Académicas , Niño , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Conducta Alimentaria , Dieta , ObesidadRESUMEN
Self-harm (SH) increases significantly in early adolescence with great variability, and childhood maltreatment (CM) contributes to this increase. Understanding the developmental pathway from CM to SH could provide clues for SH prevention. This study used latent class analysis (LCA) to detect the phenotype of SH and explored the role of psychological resilience in the pathway from the CM to SH phenotype among 5724 early adolescents (52.5% male). Three interpretable phenotypes of SH were identified: low SH (57.8%), medium SH (29.0%), and high SH (13.2%). Furthermore, CM was positively associated with the SH phenotype, psychological resilience mediated the association between CM and the SH phenotype (all ps < 0.001), and a larger mediating effect was observed in the medium SH (22.41%). Our findings offer new perspectives that improving psychological resilience can be used as an efficient intervention to reduce the risk of SH among early adolescents who have experienced CM.
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Objective: To present an approach to phenotyping ACEs and explore the association between ACEs and adolescent health risky behaviors based on the social context of China. Methods: Totally, 5,726 adolescents aged 12-18 years were investigated about their ACEs in the family, peer, school, and personal domains and the occurrence of six types of risky health behaviors (i.e., smoking, drinking, sexual intercourse, self-harm, and suicidal ideation and attempts). Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to explore the ACE patterns. Results: Six latent classes of ACEs were identified, including low adversity, school adversity, school adversity and peer victimization, peer victimization, maltreatment and peer victimization, and high adversity, and associated with risky health behaviors in adolescents. Being physically punished by a teacher, experiencing sexual abuse, and experiencing family trauma most strongly differentiated from the six ACE classes and were correlated with an increased risk for risky adolescent health behaviors. Conclusion: This study supports a positive association between ACEs and risky adolescent health behaviors. Peer victimization, school adversity and associated contexts need to be considered in future ACE studies.
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Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia , Conducta Autodestructiva , Conductas de Riesgo para la Salud , Humanos , Fenotipo , Conducta Autodestructiva/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The incidence of infertility has recently risen. Semen quality is an important male fertility indicator, and dietary factors can affect semen quality. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effects of healthy dietary patterns on semen quality. A literature search was conducted in 3 databases (Embase, Web of Science and PubMed) on August 21, 2021. The included cross-sectional studies examined the influence of the Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and prudent diet patterns on semen quality parameters; six studies (1244 subjects) were included. By comparing high consumption with low consumption of healthy dietary patterns, the results of the meta-analysis showed significantly higher sperm concentrations (mean difference [MD] = 6.88 × 106 ml-1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26 × 106 ml-1-12.49 × 106 ml-1; P < 0.05), a significant increase in total sperm count (MD = 16.70 × 106, 95% CI: 2.37 × 106-31.03 × 106; P < 0.05), and a significant increase in progressive sperm motility (MD = 5.85%, 95% CI: 2.59%-9.12%; P < 0.01). The sperm concentration, progressive sperm motility, and total sperm count were significantly higher in men with higher versus lower consumption of healthy dietary patterns. However, the results must be interpreted with caution.
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Infertilidad Masculina , Análisis de Semen , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Masculino , Semen , Recuento de Espermatozoides , Motilidad Espermática , EspermatozoidesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A strong link between childhood maltreatment (CM) and borderline personality features (BPF) has been consistently demonstrated. However, little is known about the role of psychological adjustment (PA) as a mediator of this relationship. The purpose of the study was to explore the mediating role of PA in the CM-BPF linkage in a large sample of early adolescents. METHODS: A total of 5724 students (mean age = 13.5, SD = 1.0) were recruited from three middle schools by using the multistage random cluster sampling method in Anhui Province, China. Participants were required to complete self-report questionnaires regarding CM experience, self-perceived PA and BPF. Mediation analyses were computed via structural equation modelling. RESULTS: CM victimization was positively associated with BPF, and individuals with lower levels of PA were more likely to present with BPF. Mediation analysis showed a significant indirect effect of CM on BPF via PA (effect = 0.047, 95 % CI: 0.035, 0.058). LIMITATION: The cross-sectional design of this study did not allow testing causality. The retrospective investigation of CM history could cause recall bias. CONCLUSIONS: PA partially mediates the relationship between CM and BPF. These findings have important implications for considering PA as a protective factor in this relationship.
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Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe , Maltrato a los Niños , Adolescente , Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/psicología , Niño , Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Ajuste Emocional , Humanos , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Adolescent homicide rates have aroused global concern and better understanding of factors relating to homicidal ideation is critical. This study aimed to explore the correlates of homicidal ideation in a cross-sectional school-based sample of Chinese early adolescents. METHODS: The data were obtained from the cross-sectional project 'Health and Risky Behaviors among Middle School Students in Anhui Province, China', which was conducted in November 2020. The entire sample of 5724 middle school students who completed the questionnaires was included in the present study. Network analysis was employed to examine the correlates of homicidal ideation at three levels: individual (sex, academic performance, childhood trauma, aggression, anxiety, severe physical illness), family (family economic status, family violence, parental crime, parental mental illness, relationship with father, relationship with mother), and school (school-bullying victimization and perpetration, relationship with classmates, teacher support). Additionally, sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate sex differences. RESULTS: In the whole sample, 11.7 % of students reported homicidal ideation in the past six months. Network analyses revealed that individual-level (childhood maltreatment, aggression and anxiety) and school-level (teacher support, school-bullying victimization and perpetration) factors were associated with homicidal ideation. Sensitivity analyses showed that homicidal ideation was associated with academic performance and school-bullying victimization in boys but not in girls, although the sex differences were not significant. LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional design of this study limited the inference of causality. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified some correlates of homicidal ideation and provided some novel insights into homicide prevention and intervention in Chinese early adolescents.
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Acoso Escolar , Víctimas de Crimen , Trastornos Mentales , Adolescente , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ideación SuicidaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: As an important alternative to bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol AF (BPAF) is widely used and can be detected in multiple human biological samples. However, there are few studies on neurotoxicity of BPAF at present. In particular, no epidemiological studies have investigated BPAF in relation to depressive symptoms in adolescents. Here, our study aimed to evaluate the associations between serum BPAF concentrations and depressive symptoms in adolescents. METHODS: A nested case-control study within an ongoing longitudinal prospective adolescent cohort that was established in Huaibei, China was conducted. A total of 175 participants who had new-onset depressive symptoms (cases) and 175 participants without depressive symptoms (controls) were included. Serum BPAF concentrations was measured using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The associations between BPAF exposure and the risk of depressive symptoms in adolescents were assessed using conditional logistic regression. The dose-response relationship between BPAF level and depressive symptoms was estimated using restricted cubic spline analyses. RESULTS: In this study, the detection rate of serum BPAF was 100%, and the median (interquartile range, IQR) serum BPAF concentration was 5.24 (4.41-6.11) pg/mL in the case group and 4.86 (4.02-5.77) pg/mL in the control group (P = 0.009). Serum BPAF exposure was a risk factor for depressive symptoms (odds ratio (OR)= 1.132, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.013-1.264). After adjustment for all for confounders, compared with the low-exposure group, the high-exposure group had a 2.806-fold increased risk of depressive symptoms (OR=2.806, 95% CI: 1.188-6.626). Stratified analysis by sex revealed that males were more vulnerable to BPAF exposure than females. After adjustment for all confounders, compared with the low-exposure group, the relative risk of depressive symptoms in the high-exposure group was 3.858 (95% CI: 1.118-12.535) for males, however, no significant association between BPAF exposure and depressive symptoms was found in females. In addition, there was a marked linear association between BPAF exposure and the risk of depressive symptoms in the total population and in males. CONCLUSIONS: The adolescents in this study were widely exposed to low levels of BPAF. A significant positive association was found between serum BPAF levels and the risk of depressive symptoms. The association was significantly modified by sex, and males were more vulnerable to BPAF exposure than females.
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Compuestos de Bencidrilo , Depresión , Adolescente , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/química , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/toxicidad , Estudios de Casos y Controles , China/epidemiología , Depresión/inducido químicamente , Depresión/epidemiología , Femenino , Fluorocarburos , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios ProspectivosAsunto(s)
Acoso Escolar , Ideación Suicida , China , Humanos , Instituciones Académicas , EstudiantesRESUMEN
Indoor light environment has altered dramatically and exposure to light at night (LAN) potential leads to the progression of cardiometabolic conditions. However, few studies have investigated the effect of bedroom LAN exposure on cardiometabolic risk. To estimate the associations between multi-period bedroom LAN exposure with cardiometabolic risk among Chinese young adults. We objectively measured multi-period bedroom LAN intensity using portable illuminance meter in an ongoing prospective cohort (n = 484). At one-year follow-up, 230 young adults provided fasting blood samples for quantification of cardiometabolic parameters. Cardiometabolic (CM)-risk score was derived as the sum of standardized sex-specific z-scores for waist circumference (WC), mean arterial pressure (MAP), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), with HDL-C multiplied by - 1. Multivariate and univariable linear regression models were used to examine associations of multi-period bedroom LAN exposure with cardiometabolic risk. Exposure to higher bedroom LAN intensity is associated with 1.47-unit increase in CM-risk score (95% CI: 0.69-2.25; P < 0.001). Besides, post-bedtime light exposure was associated with elevated fasting insulin (PBL-1h: ß = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01-0.10; PBL-4h: ß = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.19-0.47) and HOMA-IR (PBL-1h: ß = 0.013, 95% CI: 0-0.03; PBL-4h: ß = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.04-0.11) while pre-awake light exposure was associated with elevated total cholesterol (PAL-1h: ß = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.02-0.04; PAL-2h: ß = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01-0.03), triglyceride (PAL-1h: ß = 0.015, 95% CI: 0.01-0.02; PAL-2h: ß = 0.01, 95% CI: 0-0.02) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (PAL-1h: ß = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01-0.03; PAL-2h: ß = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01-0.03). Among young adults, bedroom LAN exposure was significantly associated with higher cardiometabolic risk. Furthermore, different periods of bedroom light exposure have time-dependent effect on cardiometabolic risk. Further research is needed to confirm our findings and to elucidate potential mechanisms.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Factores de Riesgo de Enfermedad Cardiaca , Contaminación Lumínica/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , China/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adolescent depression are both prevalent social problems that can increase the risk of several negative health consequences throughout life. The original definition of ACEs misdirects the focus of intervention efforts for ACEs to only family dysfunction and parenting practices. We used a broader definition of ACEs and a latent class analysis (LCA) model to examine ACE patterns, aiming to overcome the shortcomings of cumulative and single adversity approaches based on the special social context of China. The data were derived from a middle school in Huaibei City of Anhui Province in 2019 and 2020, which was a prospective study involving 1687 junior high school students. At the initial evaluation (T1), ACEs, psychological resilience, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms were assessed by the students. At Time 2 (T2), the depressive symptoms of students were assessed. LCA and mediation analyses were conducted with Mplus version 8.2. The LCA identified the following three heterogeneous ACE classes: "low adversity" (36.4%), "moderate adversity" (44.2%), and "high adversity" (19.4%). The mediation analysis showed that the ACE patterns affected depressive symptoms through the following two mediation paths only in the moderate but not in the high adversity class: self-esteem alone and a path combining psychological resilience and self-esteem. Psychological resilience separately did not mediate the association between ACE patterns and depressive symptoms. To reduce depressive symptoms, interventions for students with ACEs need to improve self-esteem through many channels.
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Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia , Resiliencia Psicológica , Adolescente , China , Depresión , Humanos , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a life stage with a high risk of depression, sleep disorders and school bullying. The aim of this study is to examine the longitudinal relationships between school bullying (bullying victimization and bullying perpetration), depressive symptoms and sleep problems among adolescents and to consider whether the direct pathways vary by gender. METHODS: The study included 1687 7th grade students (60.4% boys) recruited from a middle school in southeastern China. We collected self-reports of school bullying, depressive symptoms and sleep problems from 2019 (T1) and 2020 (T2) among adolescents. A series of gender-specified cross-lagged paths in a structural equation model was used for the primary analysis. RESULTS: The models revealed evidence for bidirectional associations between school bullying, depressive symptoms and sleep problems. Among girls, higher bullying perpetration at T1 predicted fewer sleep problems and depressive symptoms at T2, while bullying victimization significantly predicted poor quality of sleep and severe depressive symptoms. Furthermore, sleep problems at T1 positively predicted bullying perpetration and victimization at T2 in boys but not in girls. For both boys and girls, severe depressive symptoms significantly predicted more victimization and sleep problems, and sleep problems were positively associated with depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS: The sample is unrepresentative, as it is from only one middle school. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight that school bullying, depressive symptoms and sleep problems were interrelated across time and that acknowledging gender differences is important.
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Acoso Escolar , Víctimas de Crimen , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia , Adolescente , Depresión/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Instituciones Académicas , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Little is known about the life course prevalence of bullying among university students. The current study examined the prevalence of bullying in different life periods among multi-university students. Our study included 4,034 university students from four types of universities. Participants self-reported four types of bullying (i.e., physical, verbal, relational, and cyber) with bullies and victims, and four periods (i.e., primary school or earlier, middle school, high school, and postsecondary education). Overall, the percentage of university students experiencing at least one type of bullying victimization (BV) and bullying perpetration (BP) during their lifetime was 59.7% and 31.6%, respectively; the percentage of the university students experiencing more than two types of BV and BP was 16.3% and 7.4%, respectively. The prevalence rates of each type of BV and BP were the highest in elementary school or earlier, and these rates decreased from elementary school or earlier to postsecondary education period. Four latent classes were identified for BV: low BV (73.8%), moderate BV (18.6%), secondary school BV (4.4%), and persistent BV (3.2%). Similarly, four classes for BP were identified: low BP (86.6%), primary school BP (8.1%), high school BP (1.5%), and persistent BP (3.8%). These findings may inform school health practice of bullying prevention by taking prevention programs, especially during elementary school or earlier period.
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Acoso Escolar , Víctimas de Crimen , China/epidemiología , Humanos , Acontecimientos que Cambian la Vida , Prevalencia , Estudiantes , UniversidadesRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Not all young people who have experienced childhood abuse and neglect will become depressed or have the same degree of depression. Psychological resilience may probably lead to part of the difference according to previous studies. To observe the association between childhood abuse and neglect and depression and analyze whether psychological resilience has mediating and moderating effects on this association. METHODS: A cross-sectional sampling with a self-report questionnaire used to measure childhood abuse and neglect, psychological resilience, and depression of college students was conducted in four universities in Hefei City, in October 2018. SPSS PROCESS was used to test the hypotheses of mediating and moderating effects. RESULTS: Among 4034 students, 58.1% were boys and 41.9% were girls, the average age was 20.4 years (SD = 1.4). A positive association between childhood abuse and neglect and depression was found in the population, whereas negative relationships between psychological resilience and depression, and childhood abuse and neglect were observed (r = 0.251, -0.477, and -0.196, respectively, p < 0.001). For the mediating effect of psychological resilience, the 1000-sample bootstrap demonstrated that the indirect effect was statistically significant (ß = 0.073, 95% CI: 0.057-0.092). For the moderating effect, R-square increased because the interaction effect was statistically significant (ΔR2 = 0.008, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study supported the conclusion of previous studies that psychological resilience mediates and moderates the process of depression. Future research can further reveal the role of psychological resilience by examining different types of childhood abuse and neglect.
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Maltrato a los Niños , Resiliencia Psicológica , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudiantes , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Universidades , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although childhood abuse is considered to be related to borderline personality disorder (BPD), few studies have elaborated on the mediating role of self-esteem and resilience in it. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the potential mediating role of resilience and self-esteem between childhood abuse and BPD. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 4034 college students in Anhui Province, China. Participants were asked to complete Chinese versions of the following instruments: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), Mclean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (MSI-BPD), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the mediation effects. RESULTS: Resilience and self-esteem were found to be mediators of all three types of childhood abuse (emotional abuse, physical abuse and sexual abuse) when the types were examined separately; however, when all three types of childhood abuse were entered into the model simultaneously, neither the indirect effects nor direct effects of physical abuse or sexual abuse were found to be significant, only the association between emotional abuse and BPD features was partially mediated by resilience and self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS: Self-esteem and resilience mediate the links between childhood abuse and BPD features, and emotional abuse is uniquely associated with BPD features.