RESUMEN
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex and poorly understood disorder characterized by chronic and widespread musculoskeletal pain, of which the etiology remains unknown. Now, the disorder of the gut microbiome is considered as one of the main causes of FM. This study aimed to investigate the potential benefits of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in patients with FM. A total of 45 patients completed this open-label, randomized, nonplacebo-controlled clinical study. The numerical rating scale scores in the FMT group were slightly lower than the control group at 1 month (P > .05), and they decreased significantly at 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment (P < .001). Besides, compared with the control group, the Widespread Pain Index, Symptom Severity, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores were significantly lower in the FMT group at different time points (P < .001). After 6 months of treatment, there was a significant increase in serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and gamma-aminobutyric acid levels (P < .001), while glutamate levels significantly decreased in the FMT group (P < .001). The total effective rate was higher in the FMT group (90.9%) compared to the control group (56.5%) after 6 months of treatment (P < .05). FMT can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of FM. With the close relations between the changes in neurotransmitters and FM, certain neurotransmitters may serve as a diagnostic marker or potential target for FM patients. PERSPECTIVE: FMT is a novel therapy that aims to restore the gut microbial balance and modulate the gut-brain axis. It is valuable to further explore the therapeutic effect of FMT on FM. Furthermore, certain neurotransmitters may become a diagnostic marker or a new therapeutic target for FM patients.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Microbiota Fecal , Fibromialgia , Humanos , Fibromialgia/terapia , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Masculino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
To provide a high-throughput, efficient, and accurate method to monitor multiple-fungicide resistance of Botrytis cinerea in the field, we used the suspension array, sequencing, and mycelial growth assay in our research. Discriminating-dose bioassays for detecting carbendazim, diethofencarb, boscalid, and iprodione resistance (CarR, DieR, BosR, and IprR, respectively) were used to analyze 257 isolates collected from Hebei Province in China during 2016 and 2017. High resistance frequencies to carbendazim (100%), diethofencarb (92.08%), and iprodione (86.59%) were detected. BosR isolates accounted for 11.67% of the total. In addition, 103 isolates were randomly selected for phenotype and genotype detection. The high-throughput suspension array was utilized to detect eight genotypes simultaneously, including BenA-E198, BenA-198A, SdhB-H272, SdhB-272Y, BcOS1-I365, BcOS1-365S, erg27-F412, and erg27-412S, which were associated with resistance toward carbendazim or diethofencarb, boscalid, iprodione, and fenhexamid (FenR), respectively. Most of the benzimidazole-resistant isolates (81.55%) possessed the E198V mutation in the BenA gene. Ninety-three isolates with dual resistance to carbendazim and diethofencarb showed the E198V/K mutation. All BosR isolates carried the H272R mutation in the SdhB gene. The I365S and Q369P+N373S (66.99%) mutations in the BcOS1 gene were more frequently observed. No mutation was detected in the erg27 gene in Hebei isolates. There were 13 resistance profile phenotypes. Phenotypes with triple resistance were the most common (83.50%), and CarRDieRBosSIprRFenS was the major type. CarR isolates that carried E198V/K/A were all highly resistant (HR) and only one F200Y mutant was moderately resistant (MR) to carbendazim. Isolates that possessed E198V/K were MR or HR to diethofencarb. BosR isolates that possessed H272R mutation were lowly resistant (LR). IprR isolates were all LR or MR. The distribution of half maximal effective concentrations of CarR isolates with E198V/K mutations and IprR isolates with Q369P+N373S mutations significantly increased from 2016 to 2017. Combined with our observations, a combination method of the high-throughput suspension array and the mycelial growth assay was suggested to accurately monitor multiple resistance of B. cinerea in the field.