The COVID-19 pandemic has lately been driven by Omicron. This work aimed to study the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages during the third and fourth waves of COVID-19 in Argentina. Molecular surveillance was performed on 3431 samples from Argentina, between EW44/2021 and EW31/2022. Sequencing, phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses were performed. A differential dynamic between the Omicron waves was found. The third wave was associated with lineage BA.1, characterized by a high number of cases, very fast displacement of Delta, doubling times of 3.3 days and a low level of lineage diversity and clustering. In contrast, the fourth wave was longer but associated with a lower number of cases, initially caused by BA.2, and later by BA.4/BA.5, with doubling times of about 10 days. Several BA.2 and BA.4/BA.5 sublineages and introductions were detected, although very few clusters with a constrained geographical distribution were observed, suggesting limited transmission chains. The differential dynamic could be due to waning immunity and an increase in population gatherings in the BA.1 wave, and a boosted population (for vaccination or recent prior immunity for BA.1 infection) in the wave caused by BA2/BA.4/BA.5, which may have limited the establishment of the new lineages.
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humans , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , COVID-19/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Pandemics , Phylogeny
Anaerobiospirillum thomasii has been reported as a causative agent of diarrhea in humans; however no bacteremia associated with this pathogen has been described so far. We present here the first case of fatal A. thomasii bacteremia in an alcoholic patient.
Anaerobiospirillum , Bacteremia , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Fatal Outcome , Female , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/diagnosis , Humans , Middle Aged
Anaerobiospirillum thomasii ha sido descrito como causante de diarrea en humanos, pero no se han informado bacteriemias asociadas a este organismo. En esta comunicación describimos el primer aislamiento de A. thomasii como causa de bacteriemia fatal en una paciente alcohólica
Anaerobiospirillum thomasii has been reported as a causative agent of diarrhea in humans; however no bacteremia associated with this pathogen has been described so far. We present here the first case of fatal A. thomasii bacteremia in an alcoholic patient
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Bacteremia/complications , Anaerobiospirillum/pathogenicity , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis , Bacteremia/microbiology , Fatal Outcome , Anaerobiospirillum/metabolism
Introducción: las enfermedades infecciosas son causa significativa de morbimortalidad y constituyen uno de los problemas de mayor importancia en salud pública a escala internacional. Los parásitos intestinales, como causantes de muchas de esas enfermedades, son también frecuentes y llama la atención que la información relacionada con la prevalencia e incidencia de esas infecciones en instituciones psiquiátricas es limitada. Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de parásitos intestinales en pacientes con enfermedades mentales de larga evolución internados en el Hospital Provincial Psiquiátrico Docente Antonio Guiteras Holmes, de Matanzas, Cuba. Métodos: muestras de materia fecal de 56 internos fueron examinadas utilizando tres técnicas coproparasitológicas entre los meses de marzo y mayo de 2012. Resultados: 45 pacientes (80,4 por ciento) presentaban al menos una especie de parásito en su aparato digestivo siendo Trichuris trichiura 44 (78,6 por ciento), el complejo Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (15/26,8 por ciento) y Giardia lamblia (10/17,9 por ciento) las mayormente identificadas. Ninguno de los pacientes presentaba síntomas o signos relacionados con el aparato digestivo, sin embargo, el 91,1 por ciento presentó hábitos higiénico-dietéticos aberrantes. Conclusiones: la demostración de que más del 80 % de los pacientes con enfermedades mentales de larga evolución internados en el hospital psiquiátrico de Matanzas estaban infectados por alguna especie de parásitos intestinales, y alrededor del 10 % estaban poliparasitados evidencia la necesidad de acometer acciones encaminadas a crear un entorno saludable en el que se reduzca la posibilidad de transmisión de esas parasitosis.
Introduction: parasitic infection still represents a health problem in developing countries. The information about this topic is huge, however it is very limited in psychiatric institutions worldwide. Objective: to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in in-patients with long evolving mental diseases staying in the Teaching Provincial Psychiatric Hospital Antonio Guiteras Holmes, of Matanzas, Cuba.Methods: fecal samples of 56 in-patients were analyzed using copro parasitological techniques between March and May 2012. Results: 45 patients (80,4 percent) had at least one parasites species in their digestive system being Trichuris trichiura 44 (78,6 percent), the Entamoeba histolytica/E. Dispar complex (15/26,8 percent) and Giardia lamblia (10/17,9 percent) the most commonly identified. No one of the patients had signs or symptoms related with the digestive system, nevertheless, 91,1 percet of them presented aberrant hygienic-sanitarian habits. Conclusions: the finding that more than 80 percent of the in-patients with long evolving mental diseases staying in the psychiatric hospital of Matanzas were infected by any species of intestinal parasites, and near 10 percent of them were polyparasitized shows the necessity of leading actions directed to creating a healthy environment for reducing the transmission possibility of those parasitoses.
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Mentally Ill Persons , Hospitals, Psychiatric , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/prevention & control , Cuba
Introducción: las enfermedades infecciosas son causa significativa de morbimortalidad y constituyen uno de los problemas de mayor importancia en salud pública a escala internacional. Los parásitos intestinales, como causantes de muchas de esas enfermedades, son también frecuentes y llama la atención que la información relacionada con la prevalencia e incidencia de esas infecciones en instituciones psiquiátricas es limitada. Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de parásitos intestinales en pacientes con enfermedades mentales de larga evolución internados en el Hospital Provincial Psiquiátrico Docente Antonio Guiteras Holmes, de Matanzas, Cuba. Métodos: muestras de materia fecal de 56 internos fueron examinadas utilizando tres técnicas coproparasitológicas entre los meses de marzo y mayo de 2012. Resultados: 45 pacientes (80,4 por ciento) presentaban al menos una especie de parásito en su aparato digestivo siendo Trichuris trichiura 44 (78,6 por ciento), el complejo Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (15/26,8 por ciento) y Giardia lamblia (10/17,9 por ciento) las mayormente identificadas. Ninguno de los pacientes presentaba síntomas o signos relacionados con el aparato digestivo, sin embargo, el 91,1 por ciento presentó hábitos higiénico-dietéticos aberrantes. Conclusiones: la demostración de que más del 80 % de los pacientes con enfermedades mentales de larga evolución internados en el hospital psiquiátrico de Matanzas estaban infectados por alguna especie de parásitos intestinales, y alrededor del 10 % estaban poliparasitados evidencia la necesidad de acometer acciones encaminadas a crear un entorno saludable en el que se reduzca la posibilidad de transmisión de esas parasitosis(AU)
Introduction: parasitic infection still represents a health problem in developing countries. The information about this topic is huge, however it is very limited in psychiatric institutions worldwide. Objective: to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in in-patients with long evolving mental diseases staying in the Teaching Provincial Psychiatric Hospital Antonio Guiteras Holmes, of Matanzas, Cuba.Methods: fecal samples of 56 in-patients were analyzed using copro parasitological techniques between March and May 2012. Results: 45 patients (80,4 percent) had at least one parasites species in their digestive system being Trichuris trichiura 44 (78,6 percent), the Entamoeba histolytica/E. Dispar complex (15/26,8 percent) and Giardia lamblia (10/17,9 percent) the most commonly identified. No one of the patients had signs or symptoms related with the digestive system, nevertheless, 91,1 percet of them presented aberrant hygienic-sanitarian habits. Conclusions: the finding that more than 80 percent of the in-patients with long evolving mental diseases staying in the psychiatric hospital of Matanzas were infected by any species of intestinal parasites, and near 10 percent of them were polyparasitized shows the necessity of leading actions directed to creating a healthy environment for reducing the transmission possibility of those parasitoses(AU)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/prevention & control , Mentally Ill Persons , Hospitals, Psychiatric , Cuba
Las pérdidas auditivas pueden ser atribuidas a factores genéticos o ambientales. Las mutaciones en el gen de la proteína Cx26 (conexina 26) son responsables de un 30-80% de los casos de pérdida auditiva profunda no sindrómica. La variante 35delG es la prevalente en la población caucásica. Entre los factores ambientales, el citomegalovirus (CMV) es la principal causa de infección congénita. Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia de infección congénita por CMV y la frecuencia de la mutación 35delG en recién nacidos. Identifcar aquellos con riesgo de pérdida de audición con el fn de realizar un seguimiento audiológico para detectar precozmente las hipoacusias. Material y métodos. Se analizaron 1020 muestras de sangre seca, en papel, de recién nacidos, por PCR convencional y en tiempo real. Se efectuaron las otoemisiones acústicas antes del alta hospitalaria a todos los niños. El seguimiento audiológico se realizó tanto a los portadores de 35delG como a los que tuvieron infección congénita por CMV. Resultados. De los pacientes estudiados, 15 fueron heterocigotas para la mutación 35delG. No se detectaron homocigotas. Seis de las muestras fueron positivas para CMV (resultados confirmados en orina); de ellos, solo un neonato fue sintomático. A todos estos niños se les realizaron las evaluaciones audiológicas; presentaron hipoacusia tres niños con infección congénita por CMV y dos portadores de la mutación 35delG. Conclusión. Se detectó un 1,3% de portadores de la mutación 35delG y una frecuencia de infección congénita por CMV del 0,6%. El seguimiento audiológico de estas dos poblaciones permitió la detección de hipoacusias tardías.
Introduction. Hearing loss may be attributed to genetic and environmental factors. Mutations in the gene of the CX26 protein (connexin 26), are responsible for 30-80% of all cases of non-syndromic profound hearing loss. The 35delG is the most frequent variant in the caucasian population. As to environmental factors, the cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the main cause of congenital infection. Objetives. To determine the prevalence of congenital CMV infection and the frequency of the 35delG mutation in newborns. To identify those at risk of suffering hearing loss in order to do an audiologic follow-up of detected cases. Materials y methods. One thousand and twenty samples of dry blood spots corresponding to newborns were tested using conventional and real time PCR. Audiologic screening was performed to all newborns before hospital discharge. Results. Fifteen out of 1020 subjects were heterozygous for the mutation. No homozygous patients were found. Six out of the samples tested positive for CMV (confrmed by a urine sample), out of which only one newborn was symptomatic. The auditory brainstem response was recorded in all these children. Hearing loss was found in three children with congenital CMV infection and two with 35delG mutation. Conclusion. The frecuency of 35delG mutation carriers in our population was 1.3% and the CMV congenital infection prevalence was 0.6%. Audiologic monitoring of these two populations allowed detection of hearing loss of late onset.
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Connexins/genetics , Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications , Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital , Hearing Loss/etiology , Mutation , Audiometry , Cytomegalovirus Infections/epidemiology , Hearing Loss/diagnosis , Hearing Loss/genetics , Neonatal Screening , Prevalence
INTRODUCTION: Hearing loss may be attributed to genetic and environmental factors. Mutations in the gene of the CX26 protein (connexin 26), are responsible for 30-80% of all cases of non-syndromic profound hearing loss. The 35delG is the most frequent variant in the caucasian population. As to environmental factors, the cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the main cause of congenital infection. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of congenital CMV infection and the frequency of the 35delG mutation in newborns. To identify those at risk of suffering hearing loss in order to do an audiologic follow-up of detected cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One thousand and twenty samples of dry blood spots corresponding to newborns were tested using conventional and real time PCR. Audiologic screening was performed to all newborns before hospital discharge. RESULTS: Fifteen out of 1020 subjects were heterozygous for the mutation. No homozygous patients were found. Six out of the samples tested positive for CMV (confirmed by a urine sample), out of which only one newborn was symptomatic. The auditory brainstem response was recorded in all these children. Hearing loss was found in three children with congenital CMV infection and two with 35delG mutation. CONCLUSION: The frecuency of 35delG mutation carriers in our population was 1.3% and the CMV congenital infection prevalence was 0.6%. Audiologic monitoring of these two populations allowed detection of hearing loss of late onset.
Connexins/genetics , Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital , Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications , Hearing Loss/etiology , Mutation , Audiometry , Connexin 26 , Cytomegalovirus Infections/epidemiology , Hearing Loss/diagnosis , Hearing Loss/genetics , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Neonatal Screening , Prevalence
Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 65 años de edad, que desarrolla una nefropatía por virus BK, 10 meses posteriores al trasplante renal con donante vivo no relacionado. Se discuten los factores de riesgo para adquirir esta entidad, el diagnóstico, así como las escasas herramientas terapéuticas con las cuales contamos en la actualidad para el tratamiento de esta enfermedad intercurrente relativamente nueva.
We report the case of a 65 year-old male patient, who received a renal transplant from a non-related live donor and, after 10 months, developed a BK virus nephropathy. In this work we discuss risk factors and diagnosis, as well as the few therapeutics tools available to treat this relatively new intercurrent disease.
Humans , Male , Aged , BK Virus , Risk Factors , Kidney Transplantation , Kidney Diseases
BACKGROUND: Influenza virus is the most common cause of influenza-like illness (ILI) in adults. In Argentina, studies on influenza and other respiratory viruses were performed mostly in pediatric populations. OBJECTIVES: To determine: (1) the frequency of influenza virus and other common respiratory viruses in adult outpatients with ILI, (2) whether the signs and symptoms predict viral etiology, (3) whether viral diagnosis changes clinical management or infection control measures and (4) to characterize the influenza strains circulating in the community. POPULATION AND METHODS: Nasal and pharyngeal swabs from adult outpatients with ILI attending the emergency room during the winter seasons of 2004 and 2005 in Argentina were evaluated by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. RESULTS: Of 151 samples analyzed, 39 (26%) were influenza A positive, 5 (3.3%) influenza B positive and 4 (2.6%) respiratory syncytial virus positive by immunofluorescence. Two samples (1.3%) were human metapneumovirus positive by RT PCR. Cell culture detected six additional influenza viruses and one adenovirus positive sample. The sensitivity of immunofluorescence for influenza compared with culture was 70%. Symptoms did not predict etiology. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, 40% of the patients with ILI had a specific viral infection and 83% were influenza viruses. Viral detection was necessary to determine the etiology as signs and symptoms were not different between patients with or without viral infection. Viral diagnosis was important to implement infectious control measures. Circulating influenza strains in this study were similar to the correspondent vaccine strains selected for the Southern hemisphere.
Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/virology , Virus Diseases/epidemiology , Virus Diseases/virology , Viruses/classification , Viruses/isolation & purification , Adult , Argentina/epidemiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Humans , Male , Nasal Mucosa/virology , Outpatients , Pharynx/virology , Respiratory Tract Infections/pathology , Respiratory Tract Infections/physiopathology , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sensitivity and Specificity , Virus Diseases/pathology , Virus Diseases/physiopathology , Viruses/genetics , Viruses/immunology , Young Adult
El dolor torácido de posible origen cardiaco en el niño es una causa frecuente de asistencia al policlínico principal de urgencias, generando una larga y costosa evaluación diagnóstica, por ello se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo en una muestra comprendida por 60 pacientes que acudieron aquejando dicho síntoma en el segundo semestre de año 1999 al PPU del municipio Ciro Redondo... (AU)
Child , Child , Thorax , Pain
