Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Spanish Midwives and Midwifery Students toward Oral Healthcare during Pregnancy.

Pregnancy can affect the mother's oral health, increasing their susceptibility to oral diseases that have been associated with harmful effects on the newborn. Despite the severity of oral diseases during pregnancy, the demand for dental care during the gestational period is low, which may improve with the participation of midwives in promoting oral health activities. The objectives of this study were: (i) to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Spanish midwives and midwifery students regarding oral health in pregnant women; and (ii) to identify the barriers faced by these healthcare professionals in addressing oral health promotion during pregnancy. An observational cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. A total of 128 midwives and/or midwifery students ≥ 18 years old and of both sexes were invited to self-complete a questionnaire between January and April 2020. A total of 85 people participated in the study. Participants had a regular level of knowledge about oral health during pregnancy (overall knowledge score: 6.53), and although they were interested in activities that promote oral healthcare, their oral healthcare practices during pregnancy were limited. As midwives play an important role in promoting health, their training in oral healthcare could help to improve pregnant women's oral health.

Breastfeeding knowledge and relation to prevalence.

OBJECTIVE: Determine the level of knowledge about maternal breastfeeding and analyze to what extent this influences the intention to breastfeed after the introduction of infant feeding at the 6th and 16th weeks and at 6 months postpartum. METHOD: Prospective descriptive study conducted with pregnant women in Galicia (Spain). By means of a self-filling questionnaire, data were collected on the intention of the woman to feed the newborn and their knowledge about breastfeeding. Pregnant women were also contacted at the 6th and 16th weeks and at 6 months postpartum to know the type of feeding they gave their child. RESULTS: 297 pregnant women participated in the study, of which 90.4% wanted to exclusively breastfeed their baby, however, only 28.2% continued up to 6 months. The level of knowledge about breastfeeding was regular and it was observed that it influences both the intention and the type of feeding of the newborn, thus it is an element to be considered when developing educational strategies aimed at increasing breastfeeding rates. CONCLUSION: The level of pregnant women's knowledge about breastfeeding is regular and influences the choice of how to feed their babies and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Strategies should be implemented to increase knowledge and improve breastfeeding rates.

Breastfeeding knowledge and relation to prevalence / Conocimientos sobre lactancia y relación con su prevalencia / Conhecimentos sobre aleitamento e a relação com a sua prevalência

ABSTRACT Objective: Determine the level of knowledge about maternal breastfeeding and analyze to what extent this influences the intention to breastfeed after the introduction of infant feeding at the 6th and 16th weeks and at 6 months postpartum. Method: Prospective descriptive study conducted with pregnant women in Galicia (Spain). By means of a self-filling questionnaire, data were collected on the intention of the woman to feed the newborn and their knowledge about breastfeeding. Pregnant women were also contacted at the 6th and 16th weeks and at 6 months postpartum to know the type of feeding they gave their child. Results: 297 pregnant women participated in the study, of which 90.4% wanted to exclusively breastfeed their baby, however, only 28.2% continued up to 6 months. The level of knowledge about breastfeeding was regular and it was observed that it influences both the intention and the type of feeding of the newborn, thus it is an element to be considered when developing educational strategies aimed at increasing breastfeeding rates. Conclusion: The level of pregnant women's knowledge about breastfeeding is regular and influences the choice of how to feed their babies and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Strategies should be implemented to increase knowledge and improve breastfeeding rates.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimientos sobre lactancia materna de las gestantes y analizar en qué medida éste influye en la intención de amamantar y en la posterior alimentación del lactante a las 6 y 16 semanas y a los 6 meses posparto. Método: Estudio descriptivo prospectivo, realizado con gestantes en Galicia (España). Mediante un cuestionario autocumplimentado se recogieron datos sobre la intención de la mujer de alimentar al recién nacido y sus conocimientos sobre lactancia materna. Se contactó con las gestantes a las 6 y 16 semanas y a los 6 meses posparto para conocer el tipo de alimentación que daban a su hijo. Resultados: Participaron en el estudio 297 gestantes, de las cuales el 90,4% deseaba alimentar a su bebé con lactancia materna exclusiva, sin embargo, solo el 28,2% lo llevó a cabo a los 6 meses. El nivel de conocimientos sobre lactancia materna fue regular y se ha visto que influye tanto en la intención como en el tipo de alimentación del recién nacido por lo que es un elemento a tener en cuenta a la hora de desarrollar estrategias educativas encaminadas a aumentar las tasas de lactancia materna. Conclusión: El nivel de conocimiento de las gestantes sobre lactancia materna es regular e influye en la elección de alimentación de sus bebés y en la duración de la lactancia materna exclusiva. Se deben implantar estrategias para aumentar los conocimientos y mejorar las tasas de lactancia materna.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar o nível de conhecimento sobre aleitamento materno das gestantes e analisar em que medida este influencia a intenção de amamentar após a introdução da alimentação do lactente na 6ª e 16ª semanas e aos 6 meses pós-parto. Método: Estudo descritivo prospectivo, realizado com gestantes na Galícia (Espanha). Mediante um questionário de autopreenchimento, foram coletados dados sobre a intenção de a mulher alimentar o recém-nascido e os seus conhecimentos sobre o aleitamento materno. Também se contatou as gestantes na 6ª e 16ª semanas e aos 6 meses pós-parto para conhecer o tipo de alimentação que davam ao seu filho. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 297 gestantes, das quais 90,4% desejavam alimentar o seu bebê com aleitamento materno exclusivo, no entanto, somente 28,2% o realizou até os 6 meses. O nível de conhecimento sobre o aleitamento materno foi regular e observou-se que este influencia tanto a intenção como o tipo de alimentação do recém-nascido, é um elemento a ser considerado na hora de desenvolver estratégias educativas direcionadas a aumentar as taxas de aleitamento materno. Conclusão: O nível de conhecimento das gestantes sobre aleitamento materno é regular e influencia a escolha da alimentação de seus bebês e a duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo. Devem-se implantar estratégias para aumentar os conhecimentos e melhorar as taxas de aleitamento materno.

Patología de los pies y características sociodemográficas de la población usuaria de los centros Sociales de mayores de Galicia / No disponible

La Universidad de A Coruña a través de la Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería y Podología realizó para la Xunta de Galicia y el Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales, un proyecto de intervención podológica denominado “Programa de Podología Itinerante para la atención a las personas mayores con dependencias 2005”, cuyo objetivo principal era prestar atención podológica a las personas mayores de 65 años que acuden a los centros sociales gestionados por la Vicepresidencia de Igualdad y Bienestar de la Xunta de Galicia. En este programa se realiza un estudio sobre una muestra de 815 personas seleccionadas por la Vicepresidencia de Igualdad y Bienestar y los responsables de cada uno de los 16 centros, para identificar las prioridades de atención podológica en ancianos, estableciendo una correlación entre sus características socio-demográficas y la aparición de patologías quiropodológicas. La mayoría de la población de estudio eran mujeres (72,2%), con una media de edad de 74 años con un rango de edad de 40 a 98 años, con pensión contributiva (91,4%), que vivían acompañadas (79,3%), y con un nivel de estudios básico (74,5%). Las patologías podológicas más frecuentes han sido las queratopatías (73,6%) hiperqueratosis (53,4%) y helomas (52%). Onicopatías (49,8%), onicogrifosis (22%), onicomicosis (18%), onicocriptosis (15%), hematomas subungueales (3,7%) otro tipo de onicopatías (2,8%). Según los datos del estudio, el sexo femenino es más proclive a padecer queratopatías [OR 2,33; IC 95% (1,67-3,26)], hiperqueratosis [OR 1,96; IC 95% (1,43- 2,67)] y helomas (OR 2,44; IC 95% [1,776-3,352]) en particular. Que las personas mayores no vivan solas disminuye la probabilidad de padecer queratopatías [OR 0,50-0,77]), en concreto helomas [OR 0,68 IC 95% [0,48-0,966]. Los ancianos con mayor nivel de estudios tienen menor probabilidad de padecer onicopatías (p=0,032) (OR 0,50; IC 95% [(0,29-0,86]). Mientras que los pensionistas son más proclives a padecer hiperqueratosis (p=0,011) (OR de 1,10 IC 95% [1,01-1,04])(AU)

The University of A Coruña, through the Podiatry and Nursing University, carried out for the Xunta de Galicia and the Spanish Work Ministry and Social Services, a podiatry project named “Itinerant Podiatry Program to assist elderly people with dependency during the year 2005”. Its main goal was to give podiatry care to people older than 65 who usually went to social centers that were managed by the Vice-presidency of Equality and Social Welfare. The total sample comprised 815 participants, selected by the Vice-Presidency of Equality and Social Welfare and the responsible of each one of the 16 centers. The aim was to identify the priorities of podiatry care in elderly people, by establishing a relationship between the socio-demographic characteristics and the podiatry pathologies. The majority of the participants were women (72.2%), aged 40 to 98 years, with a mean age of 74, received a contributory pension (91.4%) living with someone (79.3%) and had an elementary level of studies (74.5%). The most common podiatry pathologies were keratopathy (73.6%) hyperkeratosis (53.4%), callus (52%). Onycopathy (49.8%), onychogryphosis (22%), onychomycosis (18%), onichocriptosis (15%), (3, 7%) or other nail diseases (2,8%). According to the study, women are more prone to suffer keratopathy [OR 2.33; IC 95% (1.67-3.26)], hyperkeratosis (OR 1.96; IC 95% [1.43-2.67]) and callus [OR 2.44; IC 95% (1.776-3.352)]. Living with someone, diminishes the probability of suffering keratopathy (OR 0.50 [0.322-0.777]), primarily callus (OR 0.68 IC 95% [0.488-0.966]). Elderly people with higher level of studies have smaller probability of suffering nail diseases (p=0.032) (OR 0.50; IC 95% [(0.29-0.86]). Meanwhile, pensioners are more likely to have hyperkeratosis (p=0.011) (OR of 1.10 IC 95% [1.01-1.04](AU)