Validating the accuracy of the Hendrich II Fall Risk Model for hospitalized patients using the ROC curve analysis.

This retrospective study was conducted at a medical center in southern Taiwan to assess the accuracy of the Hendrich II Fall Risk Model (HIIFRM) in predicting falls. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and optimal cutoff points were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Data analysis was conducted using information from the electronic medical record and patient safety reporting systems, capturing 303 fall events and 47,146 non-fall events. Results revealed that at the standard threshold of HIIFRM score ≥5, the median score in the fall group was significantly higher than in the non-fall group. The top three units with HIIFRM scores exceeding 5 were the internal medicine (50.6%), surgical (26.5%), and oncology wards (14.1%), indicating a higher risk of falls in these areas. ROC analysis showed an HIIFRM sensitivity of 29.5% and specificity of 86.3%. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.57, indicating limited discriminative ability in predicting falls. At a lower cutoff score (≥2), the AUC was 0.75 (95% confidence interval: 0.666-0.706; p < 0.0001), suggesting acceptable discriminative ability in predicting falls, with an additional identification of 101 fall events. This study emphasizes the importance of selecting an appropriate cutoff score when using the HIIFRM as a fall risk assessment tool. The findings have implications for fall prevention strategies and patient care in clinical settings, potentially leading to improved outcomes and patient safety.

Kawasaki disease in children with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin scar reactivity: Focus on coronary outcomes.

BACKGROUND: /Purpose: Reactivity at the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) scar is a pathognomonic feature of Kawasaki disease (KD). However, its value in predicting KD outcomes has not been emphasized. This study explored the clinical significance of BCG scar redness with respect to coronary artery outcomes. METHODS: This retrospective study collected data on children with KD from 13 hospitals in Taiwan during 2019-2021. Children with KD were categorized into four groups based on the KD type and BCG scar reactivity. Risk factors of coronary artery abnormalities (CAA) were analyzed in all groups. RESULTS: BCG scar redness occurred in 49% of 388 children with KD. BCG scar redness was associated with younger age, early intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment, hypoalbuminemia, and CAA at the first echocardiogram (p < 0.01). BCG scar redness (RR 0.56) and pyuria (RR 2.61) were independent predictors of any CAA within 1 month (p < 0.05). Moreover, pyuria (RR 5.85, p < 0.05) in children with complete KD plus BCG scar redness was associated with CAA at 2-3 months; first IVIG resistance (RR 15.2) and neutrophil levels ≥80% (RR 8.37) in children with complete KD plus BCG scar non-redness were associated with CAA at 2-3 months (p < 0.05). We failed to detect any significant risk factors of CAA at 2-3 months in children with incomplete KD. CONCLUSION: BCG scar reactivity contributes to diverse clinical features in KD. It can be effectively applied to determine the risk factors of any CAA within 1 month and CAA at 2-3 months.

Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (HFMEA) as an Effective Mechanism in Preventing Infection Caused by Accompanying Caregivers During COVID-19-Experience of a City Medical Center in Taiwan.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak and to ensure the safety of epidemic prevention in the hospital, the hospital has established mitigation strategies in advance including risk assessment and effect analysis to control hospital visitors and accompanying persons. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of mitigation strategies implemented to effectively prevent the invasion and spread of the virus. METHOD: Conduct a status analysis in accordance with the Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (HFMEA) 4-step model, construct a response workflow, confirm the failure mode and potential causes, perform hazard matrix analysis and decision tree analysis, and formulate risk control management measures. RESULTS: For the 4 main processes and 9 subprocesses of the accompanying carers and contract caregivers entering the hospital, 26 potential failure modes and 42 potential causes of failure were analyzed. Following implementing improvement measures including strategies targeting the accompanying person, mitigation workflow failure rates decreased from 42 to 13 items, the pass rate for the maximum body temperature cutoff increased from 53.1% to 90.8%, and the compliance rate of hand washing increased from 89.5% to 100%. CONCLUSION: The HFMEA model can effectively implement preventive risk assessment and workflow management of high-risk medical procedures. The model can adjudicate the health of hospital visitors during the epidemic/pandemic, provide epidemic/pandemic education training and preventive measure health education guidance for hospital visits, and improve their epidemic prevention cognition. When combined, these strategies can prevent nosocomial infection to achieve the best anti-epidemic effect.

Analgesic impact of buprenorphine transdermal patch in total hip arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial protocol.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of buprenorphine transdermal patch (BTP) has been well established in chronic pain, but data regarding acute postoperative pain relief is still very limited. Therefore, we design a prospective, randomized, controlled study to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the BTP for postoperative analgesia in total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: This study is designed as a single-center, prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Group A receives a 10 mg patch of buprenorphine at the conclusion of surgery which is continued for 14 days. Group B receives a conventional analgesic regimen, that is, IV paracetamol 1 mg every 8 hours alternating with parenteral tramadol 50 mg every 8 hours for the first 2 postoperative days followed by oral administration of the same drug still the end of 2 weeks. A total of 160 patients are needed with an allowance for 10% drop-out. The primary outcome of this noninferiority study is opioid consumption within the first 24 hours following surgery. The secondary outcomes included numerical rating scale scores at rest, postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: This trial is expected to be the largest randomized trial assessing the efficacy of BTP after primary total hip arthroplasty and powered to detect a potential difference in the primary outcome. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: This study protocol was registered in Research Registry (researchregistry5524).

Microbial community structures and dynamics in the O3/BAC drinking water treatment process.

Effectiveness of drinking water treatment, in particular pathogen control during the water treatment process, is always a major public health concern. In this investigation, the application of PCR-DGGE technology to the analysis of microbial community structures and dynamics in the drinking water treatment process revealed several dominant microbial populations including: α-Proteobacteria, ß-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria. α-Proteobacteria and ß-Proteobacteria were the dominant bacteria during the whole process. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant bacteria before and after treatment, respectively. Firmicutes showed season-dependent changes in population dynamics. Importantly, γ-Proteobacteria, which is a class of medically important bacteria, was well controlled by the O3/biological activated carbon (BAC) treatment, resulting in improved effluent water bio-safety.

Potent antitumoral effects of a novel gene-viral therapeutic system CNHK300-mEndostatin in hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The expression of therapeutic gene and its anti-tumor effects will be augmented and a synergism of oncolytic virus with the therapeutic gene is speculated. This study was undertaken to assess the anti-tumor effects of a novel gene-viral therapeutic system CNHK300-mEndostatin (CNHK300-mE) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: A novel gene-viral therapeutic system named CNHK300-mE was constructed using the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter to drive the expression of the adenovirus E1A gene and cloning the therapeutic gene mouse endostatin into the adenovirus genome. By the tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID50) method and cytoviability assay, the replicative and cytolytic capabilities of CNHK300-mE in two HCC lines (HepGII and Hep3B) and one normal cell line (MRC-5) were analyzed, and the transgene expressions of mouse endostatin in vitro and in vivo were detected by Western blotting and ELISA assay. Tumor growth suppression and anti-angiogenesis effects in vivo were investigated using nude mice xenografts model derived from SMMC-7721 HCC cells. RESULTS: The 3296-fold replicating capacity of CNHK300-mE in HCC cell lines versus in the normal cell line at 96 hours post infection and the 25-fold effective dose for killing 50% cells (ED50) in the normal cell line versus HCC cell lines, which were both superior to ONYX-015, were observed. Tumor growth suppression of CNHK300-mE superior to either Ad-mE or ONYX-015 was demonstrated (P < 0.01) and the anti-angiogenic effects in vivo superior to Ad-mE were also observed with immunohistochemical staining of von Willebrand factor. In comparison with non-replicative adenovirus Ad-mE, the transgene expression of mE mediated by CNHK300-mE was significantly higher in vitro (P < 0.005) and in vivo (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Being capable of replicating in and lysing the telomerase-positive HCC cells and mediating effective expression of the therapeutic gene in vitro and in vivo, the novel gene-viral therapeutic system CNHK300-mE is potentially effective in the treatment of HCC.

[Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with a novel gene-viral therapeutic system CNHK300-murine endostatin].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anti-tumor effects of a novel gene-viral therapeutic system CNHK300-murine endostatin (CNHK300-mE) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: A novel gene-viral therapeutic system named CNHK300-mE was constructed by employing the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter to drive the expression of adenovirus E1A gene and cloning the therapeutic gene murine endostatin (mE) into the adenovirus genome. Hepatocellular cells of the HepGII and Hep3B lines and normal fibroblasts of the MRC-5 line were cultured and infected with the viruses CNHK300-mE, ONYX-015, replicative adenovirus without therapeutic gene, and Ad-mE, non-replicative adenovirus with the same therapeutic gene. Ninety-six hours after the infection, tissue culture infectious dose 50 method was used to detect the titer of virus in the supernatants. MTT method was used to examine the cytolytic capability. The expression of E1A and mE were examined by Western blotting. ELISA assay was used to detect the transgene expression of mouse endostatin. Healthy nude Balb/c mice were injected with hepatic cancer cells of the SMMC 7221 line. Forty mice with tumors 5 approximately 8 mm in diameter were randomly divided into 4 groups of 20 mice: CNHK300-mE group (CNHK300-mE was injected into the tumor once every other day for 5 times), Ad-mE group (Ad-mE was injected), ONYX-015group (ONYX-015 was injected), and control group (diluent of virus was injected). 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the initial injection the size of tumor was examined. 48 hours after the finish of the whole course of treatment, the mice were killed. ELISA was used to detect the expression of mE in blood. The growth of tumor was examined by HE staining, The angiogenesis in the tumor was observed by immunohistochemistry with von Willebrand factor and The proliferation of transplanted tumor was observed by immunohistochemistry with adenovirus envelop protein hexon. RESULTS: Ninety-six hours after the infection of the cells by CNHK300-mE virus was replicated by 6329 +/- 1830 and 25 136 +/- 6890 times in the HepGII and Hep3B cells respectively, 3296 and 12 824 times higher than in the MRC-5 cells respectively. The replication multiples of ONYX-015 virus in the HepGII and Hep3B cells were 2040 +/- 450 and 3980 +/- 740 times respectively, both significantly lower than those of CNHK300-mE virus (both P < 0.05). However, no remarkable replication of Ad-mE virus was seen in the Western blotting showed the expression of therapeutic gene mE in HepGII and Hep3B cells infected with CNHK300-mE on Ad-mE. Hep3B cells, the band of CNHK300-mE being thicker than that of Ad-mE and the band of Ad-mE being similar to that of CNHK300-mE in the MRC-5 cells. ELISA showed that the expression of mE protein in the HepGII cells infected by CNHK300-mE virus increased time-dependently during the period of 7 days after virus infection, significantly higher than the expression in the HepGII cells infected by Ad-mE virus (P < 0.05). The tumors of the CNHK300-mE virus-infected mice were significantly smaller than those of the Ad-mE and ONYX-015-infected mice (both P < 0.01). ELISA showed that the mE protein content in the blood of the CNHK300mE-infected mice was significantly higher than that of the Ad-mE group (P < 0.05). Hexon immunohistochemistry showed patchy and diffuse positive staining related to apoptosis and necrosis of tumor cells in the transplanted tumors of the CNHK300-mE virus-infected mice, however, only sporadic positive staining was seen in the Ad-mE virus-infected mice. CONCLUSION: Being capable of specifically replicating in the telomerase-positive HCC cells and mediating effective expression of therapeutic gene in vitro and in vivo, the novel gene-viral therapeutic system CNHK300-mE holds potential for treatment of HCC.

[Prognostic analysis of patients suffering from distal bile duct cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To study prognostic factors after surgical procedure for distal bile duct cancer. METHODS: A retrospective clinical analysis was made in 173 cases of distal bile duct cancer, admitted to our hospital from February 1996 to December 2002. Fourteen clinicopathologic factors that could possibly influence survival were selected. A multivariate analysis of these individuals was performed using the Cox Proportional Hazards Model. RESULTS: There were 99 males and 74 females. The age ranged from 27 to 74 years old with a mean of 55.5. Radical resection was performed on 152 cases with radical resection rate of 87.9%. 29 cases died of liver metastasis with a rate of 46.8% in total death cases. The statistical analysis showed that surgical procedure, lymph node metastasis and pathological differentiation grade affected postoperative survival significantly, but transfusion, invasion of pancreas, postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy, ERCP, diameter of tumour, serum level of CA-19-9, preoperative total serum bilirubin level (TBIL), ratio of albumin to globulin (A/G), sex and age are not significant factors influencing postoperative survival. CONCLUSIONS: Radical resection is only curative treatment modality. Aggressive treatment and prevention on postoperative liver metastasis is a important strategy to improve the survival for distal bile duct cancer.