Hollow microsphere probes formed by hollow core optical fiber discharging for monitoring gas pressure and temperature.

A hollow core fiber (HCF) is spliced with a single-mode fiber, and then, the end face of the HCF is etched to form a microsphere interferometer for measuring gas pressure and environmental temperature. The total length of each microsphere is less than 200 µm. We fabricated two such structures and used femtosecond laser pulses to drill micro-holes on the HCF walls of both structures. One of the structures is directly used to measure air pressure, achieving a sensitivity of up to 2.857 nm/MPa while being almost insensitive to temperature. This structure is capable of assessing pressure down to 3.4 kPa within the range of 0-0.5 MPa. Another structure is filled with thermally sensitive material dimethyl silicone oil through a micro-hole, and then, it is sealed with AB adhesive to form a harmonic Vernier effect temperature sensor, with a sensitivity of up to -5.16 nm/°C. This structure is capable of assessing temperature down to 0.38 °C within the range of 30-60 °C. Additionally, the sensors have good repeatability and stability and compact structure and simple manufacturing and can be used as a sensing probe for monitoring gas pressure and temperature under extreme environments.

High-sensitivity humidity and temperature sensor by cascading a polyimide coated long period fiber grating and a polydimethylsiloxane wrapped Mach-Zehnder interferometer.

Two different structures, long period fiber grating (LPFG) and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), were cascaded to fabricate a sensor for sensing humidity and temperature simultaneously. Due to the humidity sensitive characteristic of polyimide (PI) and the temperature sensitive characteristic of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), the LPFG was coated with PI and the MZI was wrapped in PDMS to improve the humidity and temperature sensitivities, respectively. Humidity and temperature experiments and the stability and repeatability of the proposed sensors were performed. The sensor shows humidity and temperature sensitivities of ∼164 pm/%RH and 183 pm/°C in the humidity and temperature increasing experiments, respectively. Combining increasing, decreasing, and repeatable experiments of temperature and humidity, the proposed sensor shows stable performance in humidity sensitivity of ∼159 pm/%RH and temperature sensitivity of ∼175 pm/°C, with good linearity of ∼0.994. The structure of the proposed sensor has the advantages of low implementation cost, easy fabrication, and good stability.

Comparison of clinical effects and costs among dabigatran etexilate, rivaroxaban and warfarin in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical effects and economic costs between Warfarin and novel oral anticoagulants in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS: This is a retrospective study. A total of 680 elderly AF patients receiving oral anticoagulants for the first time were selected as subjects and assigned into Group A, B and C. Patients in group A, B and C were given dabigatran etexilate, rivaroxaban and warfarin, respectively. Patients were followed up for 2 years. This study compared indicators of left ventricular diastolic function such as left ventricular posterior wall in end-diastole (LVPWd), minimum peak velocity in early diastole phase and maximum peak velocity in late diastole phase, indicators of myocardial ischemia including creatine kinase isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and myoglobin, as well as other outcomes including adverse events incidences and treatment costs, among the three groups. RESULTS: After treatment, LVPWd was found to be obviously lower in group A and group B than that in group C, while the minimum peak velocity in early diastole phase was markedly more in group A and B than that in group C (all P<0.05). In addition, the concentrations of myoglobin and LDH were significantly reduced in group A and B than those in group C (all P<0.05). The occurrence rate of adverse events was significantly lower in group A and B than that in group C (P<0.05). Moreover, treatment cost was markedly less in group A and B than that in group C (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared with warfarin, dabigatran etexilate and rivaroxaban not only have the ability to inhibit the myocardial ischemia indicators and improve left ventricular diastolic function while reducing the incidence of adverse events, but they also offer certain cost-effectiveness advantages for elderly patients with AF.

Compact highly sensitive Fabry-Perot temperature and gas pressure sensing probe fabricated by a femtosecond laser and PDMS.

A high sensitivity optical fiber temperature and gas pressure sensor with integrated micro-cavity is proposed. First, a single-mode optical fiber (SMF) is spliced with a section of capillary, and then the sensitive material polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is filled into the capillary to form a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI). Finally, a femtosecond laser is used to ablate the fiber core of the SMF to form the third reflecting surface, constituting two cascaded FPIs. When two FPIs have a similar free spectral range, a Vernier effect is produced. The temperature and gas pressure sensitivity of the sensor reached 14.41 nm/°C and 113.82 nm/MPa, respectively, after using the sensitive material and Vernier effect double sensitization technology. In addition, a fiber Bragg grating is cascaded with the sensor, which can realize the simultaneous measurement of temperature and gas pressure and eliminate cross-sensitivity.

Ultra-sensitive temperature and pressure sensor based on PDMS-based FPI and Vernier effect.

An ultra-sensitive sensor, based on two Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPIs), has been realized for temperature and pressure sensing. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based FPI1 was used as a sensing cavity, and a closed capillary-based FPI2 was used as a reference cavity for its insensitivity to both temperature and pressure. The two FPIs were connected in series to obtain a cascaded FPIs sensor, showing a clear spectral envelope. The temperature and pressure sensitivities of the proposed sensor reach up to 16.51 nm/°C and 100.18 nm/MPa, which are 25.4 and 21.6 times, respectively, larger than these of the PDMS-based FPI1, showing a great Vernier effect.

Theoretical study on the degradation mechanism, kinetics and toxicity for aqueous ozonation reaction of furan derivatives.

The compounds including furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (FDCA), 2-methyl-3-furoic acid (MFA), and 2-furoic acid (FA), containing Furan ring are considered to be possessing high ozone reactivity, although in depth studies of their ozonation processes have not been carried out yet. Hence, mechanism, kinetics and toxicity by quantum chemical, and their structure activity relationship are being investigated in this study. Studies of reaction mechanisms revealed that during the ozonolysis of three furan derivatives containing C=C double bond, furan ring opening occurs. At temperature (298 K) and pressure of 1 atm, the degradations rates of 2.22 × 103 M-1 s-1 (FDCA), 5.81 × 106 M-1 s-1 (MFA) and 1.22 × 105 M-1 s-1 (FA) suggested that the reactivity order is: MFA > FA > FDCA. In the presence of water, oxygen and ozone, the Criegee intermediates (CIs) as the primary products of ozonation would produce lower molecule weight of aldehydes and carboxylic acids by undergoing degradation pathways. The aquatic toxicity reveals that three furan derivatives play green chemicals roles. Significantly, most of the degradation products are least harmful to organisms residing in the hydrosphere. The mutagenicity and developmental toxicity of FDCA is minimum as compared to FA and MFA, which shows the applicability of FDCA in a wider and broader field. Results of this study reveal its importance in the industrial sector and degradation experiments.

High sensitivity temperature sensor based on enhanced Vernier effect through two parallel Fabry-Perot cavities.

In this paper, an enhanced Vernier effect temperature sensor based on two parallel Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPIs) is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. Among them, F P I 1 is composed of a single-mode fiber (SMF), a quartz capillary, and AB glue filled in the capillary. F P I 2 is formed by filling a capillary with polyimide (PI) solution and inserting two-segment SMF from both sides of the capillary. Since AB glue and PI have good thermal sensitivity, F P I 1 and F P I 2 are highly sensitive to temperature. Due to their different structures, the temperature sensitivity of F P I 1 is negative, and that of F P I 2 is positive. When F P I 1 and F P I 2 with similar free spectral range are connected in parallel, they will act as reference cavities for each other, resulting in an enhanced Vernier effect, which enlarges the sensitivity of the sensor more. In the temperature range of 40°C-58°C, the temperature sensitivity of the sensor is as high as -13.09n m/∘ C, and the fitting coefficient is 0.9974. The experimental results show that in the enhanced Vernier effect sensor structure, only two FPIs with opposite temperature sensitivity are required, which does not increase the difficulty and cost of sensor manufacturing. In addition, the sensor has good stability and repeatability.

MicroRNA-486-5p suppresses inflammatory response by targeting FOXO1 in MSU-treated macrophages.

Gouty arthritis (GA) is mainly caused by the precipitation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the joint. Recently, different regulatory roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in arthritis have been widely verified. Nevertheless, the specific function of microRNA-486-5p (miR-486-5p) in GA is still unclear. GA cell models in vitro were established by the treatment of 250 µg/mL MSU crystals into THP-1 cells or J774A.1 cells. Then, the accumulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-8, and IL-ß was estimated by ELISA. The mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-ß were measured through RT-qPCR. The protein level of forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) was tested via western blot. Furthermore, the interplay of miR-486-5p and FOXO1 was evaluated via the luciferase reporter assay. In this study, MSU treatment successfully stimulated the inflammatory response in macrophage cells. MiR-486-5p downregulation was observed in THP-1 and J774A.1 cells treated with MSU, and its upregulation markedly decreased the concentration and mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-ß. Furthermore, FOXO1 was demonstrated to be negatively modulated by miR-486-5p. The rescue assay indicated that overexpressing FOXO1 reversed the effects of overexpressing miR-486-5p on inflammatory cytokines. Overall, this study proves that miR-486-5p inhibits GA inflammatory response via modulating FOXO1.

Highly sensitive gas pressure sensor based on the enhanced Vernier effect through a cascaded Fabry-Perot and Mach-Zehnder interferometer.

A high sensitivity optical fiber gas pressure sensor based on the enhanced Vernier effect is proposed. The sensor is composed of a fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) and Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Since the interference fringes of FPI and MZI drift in the opposite direction with the change of gas pressure, when their free spectral ranges are similar, the enhanced Vernier effect is formed after their cascading. Compared with the traditional Vernier effect gas pressure sensor, the enhanced Vernier effect gas pressure sensor realizes much higher sensitivity gas pressure measurement without complex manufacturing process or desensitized reference interferometer. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of the enhanced Vernier effect sensor is 241.87 nm/MPa. In the two traditional Vernier effect gas pressure sensors formed by cascading FPI and MZI, the sensitivity of sensor is 63.02 nm/MPa and 171.26 nm/MPa, respectively. Compared with the two traditional Vernier effect sensors, the sensitivity of the enhanced Vernier effect sensor is increased by 3.8 times and 1.4 times, respectively. The proposed sensor also has the advantages of good repeatability and stability, fast response, low cost and easy manufacture. Our structure also provides a new design scheme for a high sensitivity optical fiber gas pressure sensor.

High sensitivity gas pressure sensor based on different inner diameter quartz capillary cascading and Vernier effect.

In this paper, a highly sensitive optical fiber gas pressure sensor is proposed and experimentally verified. The sensor is composed of two Fabry-Pérot (F-P) cavities, and two F-P cavities are fabricated by a single-mode fiber and two quartz capillaries with different inner diameters splicing. Among them, the small inner diameter capillary is used as a gas channel connecting the large inner diameter capillary and the external environment. The manufacturing process of the sensor only involves capillary cleaver and splicing and does not involve other complex manufacturing technologies. By correctly adjusting the length of the two quartz capillaries, when the free spectral range of the two F-P cavities is very close, the optical Vernier effect will be observed and used as a sensitive probe for detecting gas pressure. The experimental results show that, in the pressure range of 0-0.8 MPa, the gas pressure sensitivity of the sensor reaches -81.73 nm/MPa with a linearity of 99.7%, and the temperature cross-sensitivity is only 1.82 kPa/°C. Due to its easy manufacture, high sensitivity, compact structure, and small volume, the sensor has become one of the preferred structures for large-scale use in the field of gas sensing.

Clinical Outcomes of Repair of Complete Detachment of Medial Collateral Ligament at the Tibial Insertion in Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Purpose: Complete detachment of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) may occur during medial release of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with severe varus knee osteoarthritis. This study was to determine functional and stability outcomes of repaired knee with complete detachment of MCL compared to those of contralateral nondetached MCL in patients with bilateral TKA. Methods: Records of 1052 consecutive knees undergoing bilateral TKA from 2003 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Of which, 45 patients were repaired for complete MCL detachment injury (2.1%) at tibial insertion in one side (repaired group). MCL was not detached in the contralateral side (control group). Clinical evaluation was performed preoperatively and at the final follow-up using KS and WOMAC scores between two groups. Similarly, stability was compared on a valgus stress radiograph between two groups. Results: Two patients had insufficient data. Hence, 43 patients were included after a minimum of 5 years follow-up. There were no significant differences in terms of alignment and clinical outcomes between the two groups either preoperatively or at the final follow-up (p > 0.05). Radiographic stability also showed no differences between repaired and control groups in extension and 30° of flexion (p=0.208 and p=0.125). Conclusions: For tibial detachment of the MCL during TKA, repair with suture anchor provided good clinical and stability results, similar to TKA without MCL injury. Therefore, repair with a suture anchor is a reliable method that provides good clinical and stability outcomes in patients with MCL injury during TKA.

Theoretical study on the formation of Criegee intermediates from ozonolysis of pentenal: An example of trans-2-pentenal.

In this study, we investigated the reaction mechanism and kinetics of ozone with trans-2-pentenal using density functional theory (DFT) and conventional transition state theory (CTST). At 298 K and 1 atm, the gas-phase reaction mechanisms and kinetic parameters were calculated at the level of CCSD(T)/6-311+G(d,p)//M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p). Both CC and CO bond cycloaddition as well as hydrogen abstraction were found. The calculations indicated that the main reaction path is 1,3-dipole cycloaddition reactions of ozone with CC bond with the relatively lower syn-energy-barrier of 3.35 kcal mol-1 to form primary ozonide which decomposed to produce a carbonyl oxide called a Criegee intermediate (CI) and an aldehyde. The subsequent reactions of CIs were analysed in detail. It is found that the reaction pathways of the novelty CIs containing an aldehyde group are extremely similar with general CIs when they react with NO, NO2, SO2, H2O, CH2O and O2. The condensed Fukui function were calculated to identify the active site of the chosen molecules. At 298 K and 1 atm, the reaction rate coefficient was 9.13 × 10-18 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 with atmospheric lifetime of 1.3 days. The calculated rate constant is in general agreement with the available experimental data. The branching ratios indicated that syn-addition pathways are prior to anti-addition. The atmospheric ratios for CIs formation and the bimolecular reaction rate constants for the Criegee intermediates with the variety of partners were calculated. Our theoretical results are of importance in atmospheric chemistry of unsaturated aldehyde oxidation by ozone.

Dihydrotriazine derivatives display high anticancer activity and inducing apoptosis, ROS, and autophagy.

A series of dihydrotriazine derivatives bearing 5-aryloxypyrazole moieties were designed, and their anticancer activities against three human cancer cell lines (SGC-7901, HepG-2 and MCF-7) and one non-cancer cell line (LO2) were explored using the MTT assay in vitro. Most of the compounds exhibited potent antiproliferative activities against the three cancer cell lines, with compound 10e (IC50 = 2.12 µM) exhibiting the most potent antiproliferative activity against HepG-2 cells. Interestingly, autophagy was observed in the 10e-treated HepG-2 cells. Compound 10e also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and resulted in marked HepG-2 cells apoptosis. Further studies revealed that compound 10e could enhance the expression of Cl-PARP, Cl-caspase-3, and Cl-caspase-9. In addition, 10e triggered the formation of autophagosomes by promoting LC3-II and Beclin-1 expression. These results might be useful for exploring and developing dihydrotriazine derivatives as novel anticancer agents.

New ursolic acid derivatives bearing 1,2,3-triazole moieties: design, synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo.

In order to discover novel anti-inflammatory agents, three series of compounds obtained by appending 1,2,3-triazole moieties on ursolic acid were designed and synthesized. All compounds have been screened for their anti-inflammatory activity by using an ear edema model. The potent anti-inflammatory compound was subjected to in vitro cyclooxygenase COX-1/COX-2 inhibition assays. In general, the derivatives were found to be potent anti-inflammatory activity. Especially, the compound 11b exhibited the strongest activity of all of the compounds prepared, with 82.81% inhibition after intraperitoneal administration, which was better than celecoxib as a positive control. Molecular docking results unclose the rationale for the interaction of the compound 11b with COX-2 enzyme. Further studies revealed that compound 11b exhibited effective COX-2 inhibitory activity, with half-maximal inhibitor concentration (IC50) value of 1.16 µM and selectivity index (SI = 64.66) value close to that of celecoxib (IC50 = 0.93 µM, SI = 65.47). Taken together, these results could suggest a promising chemotype for development of new COX-2-targeting anti-inflammatory agent.

Theoretical Calculation on the Reaction Mechanisms, Kinetics and Toxicity of Acetaminophen Degradation Initiated by Hydroxyl and Sulfate Radicals in the Aqueous Phase.

The •OH and SO4•- play a vital role on degrading pharmaceutical contaminants in water. In this paper, theoretical calculations have been used to discuss the degradation mechanisms, kinetics and ecotoxicity of acetaminophen (AAP) initiated by •OH and SO4•-. Two significant reaction mechanisms of radical adduct formation (RAF) and formal hydrogen atom transfer (FHAT) were investigated deeply. The results showed that the RAF takes precedence over FHAT in both •OH and SO4•- with AAP reactions. The whole and branched rate constants were calculated in a suitable temperature range of 198-338 K and 1 atm by using the KiSThelP program. At 298 K and 1 atm, the total rate constants of •OH and SO4•- with AAP were 3.23 × 109 M-1 s-1 and 4.60 × 1010 M-1 s-1, respectively, considering the diffusion-limited effect. The chronic toxicity showed that the main degradation intermediates were harmless to three aquatic organism, namely, fish, daphnia, and green algae. From point of view of the acute toxicity, some degradation intermediates were still at harmful or toxic level. These results provide theoretical guidance on the practical degradation of AAP in the water.

Sensitivity-enhanced temperature sensor based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer coated with thermal-sensitive material.

In this paper, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer temperature sensor with a single-mode fiber-thin-core fiber-single-mode fiber cascaded is designed. When the light is transmitted from the single-mode fiber to the thin-core fiber, different modes will be excited because of the mode-field mismatch. Optical power from the input fiber can be partly coupled to the cladding modes of the thin-core fiber, and the cladding modes of the thin-core fiber then re-coupled to the lead-out fiber, which constitutes the Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the output single-mode fiber. To improve the temperature sensitivity of the sensor, we coated the thermal-sensitive material (such as polymethoxane or ultraviolet glue) on the surface of the thin-core fiber. The experimental results show that the temperature sensitivity of the sensor coated with a polydimethylsiloxane film was increased from 32.0 to 90.0 pm/°C, about three times, compared to the uncoated thin-core fiber sensor. When the surface of the thin-core fiber is coated with an ultraviolet glue film, the temperature sensitivity of the sensor was increased from 32.0 to 166.8 pm/°C, about six times. The designed sensor, with compact structure, simple production, strong robustness, and high sensitivity, has a wide application prospect in industrial production and national defense technology.

Excitation wavelength dependent ICT character and ISC efficiency in a photocleavage agent of 1-aminoanthraquinone.

Anthraquinone derivatives have been widely used as photocleavage agents and dyes. Here, photoinduced excited state intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) dynamics of 1-aminoanthraquinone in ethanol are studied by femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy and quantum chemical (QC) calculations. Four decay associated difference spectra and corresponding lifetime components were obtained by singular value decomposition and global fitting analysis from the fs-TA spectra. The QC calculations prove that the S1 state has obvious ICT character. Planar ICT (PICT) and twisted ICT (TICT) reaction coordinates are observed. On the PICT coordinate, vibrational relaxation (VR) and intersystem crossing (ISC) processes are observed. The ISC efficiency is dependent on excitation wavelength, which elucidates that T'2 state participates in the ISC process on a higher-level than the S'1 state. On the TICT coordinate, the TICT process is dependent on excitation wavelength, which elucidates a direct experimental evidence of an energy barrier in excited state TICT potential energy.

Selective inhibition of histone deacetylase 8 improves vascular hypertrophy, relaxation, and inflammation in angiotensin II hypertensive mice.

BACKGROUND: The dysregulation of histone deacetylase (HDAC) protein expression or its enzyme activity is implicated in a variety of diseases. Cardiac HDAC6 and HDAC8 enzyme activity induced by deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) hypertension was attenuated by sodium valproate, a pan-HDAC inhibitor. However, the HDAC6-selective inhibitor, tubastatin A, did not attenuate angiotensin II-induced hypertension. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether PCI34051, an HDAC8-selective inhibitor, can modulate angiotensin II-induced hypertension and its regulatory mechanism. METHODS: An angiotensin II-regulated mouse model was used in this study. Animals received vehicle or PCI34051 (3 mg·kg - 1·day- 1) via intraperitoneal injection. Systolic blood pressure was measured by the tail-cuff method. Blood vessel thickness was measured following hematoxylin and eosin staining, VCAM-1 immunohistochemistry was performed in the aortas, and mRNA expression of renin-angiotensin system components, inflammation markers, and NADPH oxidase (Nox) was determined by RT-PCR. The effect of PCI34051 on vasorelaxation was studied in rat aortic rings, and its effect on nitric oxide (NO) production was determined using DAF-FM DA, a fluorescent dye, in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). RESULTS: PCI34051 administration reduced systolic blood pressure via downregulation of angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) mRNA expression. PCI34051 treatment attenuated vascular hypertrophy by decreasing E2F3 and GATA6 mRNA expression. Vascular relaxation after PCI34051 treatment was more dependent on vascular endothelial cells and it was blocked by an NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor. In addition, NO production increased in HUVECs after PCI34051 treatment; this was decreased by the NOS inhibitor. The expression of inflammatory molecules and adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 decreased in the aortas of angiotensin II-infused mice after PCI34051 administration. However, PCI34051 did not affect Nox or its regulatory subunits. CONCLUSIONS: PCI34051 lowered high blood pressure through modulation of arterial remodeling, vasoconstriction, and inflammation in an angiotensin II-induced hypertension model. We suggest that HDAC8 could be a potential therapeutic target for hypertension.

Class I histone deacetylase inhibitor MS-275 attenuates vasoconstriction and inflammation in angiotensin II-induced hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: Non-selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are known to improve hypertension. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect and regulatory mechanism of the class I HDAC selective inhibitors, MS-275 and RGFP966, in angiotensin (Ang) II-induced hypertensive mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: MS-275 inhibited the activity of HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3, while RGFP966 weakly inhibited that of HDAC3 in a cell-free system. MS-275 and RGFP966 treatment reduced systolic blood pressure and thickness of the aorta wall in Ang II-induced hypertensive mice. MS-275 treatment reduced aorta collagen deposition, as determined by Masson's trichrome staining. MS-275 decreased the components of the renin angiotensin system and increased vascular relaxation of rat aortic rings via the nitric oxide (NO) pathway. NO levels reduced by Ang II were restored by MS-275 treatment in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, MS-275 dose (3 mg·kg-1·day-1) was not enough to induce NO production in vivo. In addition, MS-275 did not prevent endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling in the aorta of Ang II-induced mice. Treatment with MS-275 failed to inhibit Ang II-induced expression of NADPH oxidase (Nox)1, Nox2, and p47phox. MS-275 treatment reduced proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1ß, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, as well as adhesion molecules. Histological analysis showed that Ang II-induced macrophage infiltration was reduced by MS-275 and RGFP966 administration. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that class I HDAC selective inhibitors may be good therapeutic agents for the treatment of hypertension through the regulation of vascular remodeling and vasoconstriction, as well as inflammation.