Chitosan-encapsulated nickel oxide, tin dioxide, and farnesol nanoparticles: Antimicrobial and anticancer properties in breast cancer cells.

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women; however, it is curable in most cases (up to 80 %) when detected and treated at an early non-metastatic stage. Nanotechnology has led to the development of potential chemotherapeutic techniques, particularly for tumor treatment. Nanotechnology has therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications. Chitosan, a natural polymer derived from chitin, has been extensively studied for its potential applications in a wide range of fields. This includes medicine for its anticancer properties. In the present study, Chitosan-encapsulated-NiO-TiO2-Farnesol hybrid nanomaterials (CNTF HNMs) were synthesized and characterized using several techniques, including electron microscopy (TEM, FE-SEM), spectroscopy (UV-visible [UV-Vis], Fourier Transform Infrared [FT-IR] spectroscopy, and photoluminescence [PL]), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) composition analysis, X-ray diffraction, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses. With an estimated average crystallite size of 34.8 nm, the face-cantered cubic crystalline structure of the CNTF HNMs is identified. Cell viability assay by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining, dual AO/EtBr (Acridine Orange/ Ethidium bromide), JC-1 (5,5,6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3' tetraethylbenzimi-dazoylcarbocyanine iodide), DCFH-DA (Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate), Annexin V-FITC (Fluorescein isothiocyanate) /PI (Propidium Iodide), and cell cycle study was used to assess the ability of nanoparticles (NPs) to kill MDA-MB-231 cells. The CNTF HNMs had high antibacterial effectiveness against multi-drug resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing gram-negative bacterial pathogens and reference strains. The findings suggest that NPs increased the number of reactive oxygen species (ROS), changed the Δψm, and initiated apoptosis. There is enormous potential for CNTF HNMs as both antibacterial and anticancer agents.

Biopolymer Chitosan Surface Engineering with Magnesium Oxide-Pluronic-F127-Escin Nanoparticles on Human Breast Carcinoma Cell Line and Microbial Strains.

Nanotechnology has been recognized as a highly interdisciplinary field of the twenty-first century, with diverse applications in biotechnology, healthcare, and material science. One of the most commonly employed non-toxic nanoparticles, magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs), is simple, inexpensive, biocompatible, and biodegradable. Several researchers are interested in the biosynthesis process of MgO NPs through chemical and physical approaches. This is because of their simplicity, affordability, and environmental safety. In the current study, green MgO-Chitosan-Pluronic F127-Escin (MCsPFE) NPs have been synthesized and characterized via various techniques like UV-visible, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray composition analysis, Transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Photoluminescence, and Dynamic light scattering analyses. The average crystallite size of MCsPFE NPs was 46 nm, and a face-centered cubic crystalline structure was observed. Further, the antimicrobial effectiveness of NPs against diverse pathogens has been assessed. The cytotoxic potential of the nanoparticles against MDA-MB-231 cell lines was evaluated using the MTT test, dual AO/EB, JC-1, DCFH-DA, and DAPI staining procedures. High antimicrobial efficacy of MCsPFE NPs against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains as well as Candida albicans was observed. The findings concluded that the NPs augmented the ROS levels in the cells and altered the Δψm, leading to the initiation of the intrinsic apoptotic cell death pathway. Thus, green MCsPFE NPs possess immense potential to be employed as an effective antimicrobial and anticancer treatment option.