Emulsive polymerization as a method of enzyme modification preserving biological properties of nanostructures.

The proposed method of emulsive polymerization provides the possibility of modifying and obtaining insoluble forms of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase, and streptolysin-O preserving nanoobjects (conformationally active centers and antigenic determinants) in their native states. Apart from enzymatic and immunological properties, the samples acquired some new features: resistance to high temperature, resistance to 3 M KCNS solution and buffer solutions with high concentration of hydrogen ions, and resistance to preserving solutions. Magnetic properties provide the possibility of simplifying enzyme-linked immunosorbent and immunofluorescence assays. In addition, sensitivity of these assays was by an order of magnitude higher and the specificity fully preserved. Taking all the facts into account, we prepared agents for long-term and repeated use. Due to preserved enzymatic properties, insoluble forms of SOD and glutathione reductase can be considered as a tool for correction of peroxide-antioxidant balance and associated immunological abnormalities.

[Antibodies to skeletal muscle myofibrillar proteins in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis]. / Antitela k miofibrilliarnym belkam skeletnoi myshtsy v diagnostike revmatoidnogo artrita.

One of the mechanisms of muscular involvement in RA patients was elucidated by identification of antibodies to skeletal muscle components (actin and tropomyosin). Clinical symptoms of skeletal muscles involvement in RA proved to be associated with elevated count of tropomyosin antibodies against an insignificant informative value of actin. Enzyme immunoassay with tropomyosin has established a direct correlation between the number of the antibodies and RA activity.

[The properties and areas of use of an immobilized granulated streptolysin O]. / Svoistva i oblasti primeneniia immobilizovannogo granulirovannogo streptolizina-O.

The heat-resistant preparations of immobilized granulated streptolysin O were obtained with the use of emulsion polymerization techniques. In experiments the presence of gangliosides and cholesterol affected the hemolytic activity of immobilized streptolysine O. The preparations thus obtained were used in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as antigens for the determination of specific antibodies in rheumatic fever patients and healthy persons.

[Immobilized granulated drugs with magnetic properties based on nDNA, RNA, cardiolipin in the diagnosis and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus]. / Immobilizovannye granulirovannye preparaty s magnitnymi svoistvami na osnove nDNK, RNK, kardiolipina v diagnostike i lechenii sistemnoi krasnoi volchanki.

To advance diagnosis and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the authors have developed a number of specific diagnostic preparations basing on nDNA, RNA, cardiolipin immobilized into the three-dimensional lattice of polyacrylamide gel. Using such granulated antigenic preparations with magnetic properties, a correlation has been derived between SLE activity, visceral pathology and a level of specific antibodies. In view of a successful experimental use of the preparations as selective sorbents, they may be introduced into extracorporeal treatment. Immobilized granulated preparations can be used in immunofluorescent tests and enzyme immunoassays.

[Immobilization of myocardial tropomyosin]. / Immobilizatsiia miokardial'nogo tropomiozina.

Immobilized granulated myocardial tropomyosin with magnetic properties of prolonged period of storage was obtained. Tropomyosin inclusion into granules emulsion polymerisation is 89.5%. The largest amount of protein is extracted from granules after 2-3 days, and later this process is slowed down. Studying temperature effect, the maximum protein output was also shown to be reached after 2-3 days and depends on the temperature. Processing of granules, containing tropomyosin, with a solution with high concentration of hydrogen ions, the same results were obtained as under the influence of temperature. The use of 3 mol potassium rodanide did not show the peak of protein washing out of granules.

[Activity of the actomyosin complex of the esophageal muscles in patients with functional cardial obstruction]. / Aktivnost' aktomiozinovogo kompleksa myshts pishchevoda u bol'nykh s funktsional'noi neprokhodimost'iu kardii.

The results of studying ATP-ase activity of the actomyosin complex of the esophageal smooth muscles in functional cardiac obstruction (FCO) are discussed. It was established that in advancement of the diseases the ATP-ase activity of the actomyosin complex of the esophageal muscular coat diminishes steadily. Analysis of surgical treatment of 63 patients with FCO showed that in 12 patients with neglected stages of the disease (stages III and IV) its results were poor due to marked reduction of the esophageal tonus, which was linked with diminished activity of the actomyosin complex of the esophageal muscles in stages III and IV of the disease. The study provides evidence of the importance of determining ATP-ase activity of actomyosin in FCO in choice of the methods of nonoperative treatment and the time of surgical management of this pathological condition.

[The use of immobilized granulated G-actin with magnetic properties in patients and experimental animals]. / Ispol'zovanie immobilizovannogo granulirovannogo G-aktina s magnitnymi svoistvami v klinike i éksperimente.

G-actin was isolated from human myocardium, purified by means of repeated polymerization-depolymerization and immobilized in polyacrylamide gel by the procedure of "emulsion granulation". The granules acquired magnetic properties after addition of iron protoxide hydrophilic particles into the polymerizating mixture. Immobilized G-actin in granules with magnetic properties was used for production of specific antisera, for isolation of pure antibodies by means of an immunosorption procedure, for estimation of specific antibodies in blood sera of patients with rheumatism, of healthy persons and of experimental animals using immunofluorescent, immunoenzymatic and radioimmune procedures.

[Tropomyosins in human muscular and non-muscular tissue]. / Izuchenie tropomiozinov myshechnykh i nemyshechnykh organov cheloveka.

Tropomyosin was isolated from human heart and skeletal muscles, liver, kidney and lung tissues. The subunit composition and relative molecular mass of tropomyosins were studied using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in presence of sodium dodecylsulfate. The tropomyosin from heart muscle migrated as a homogenous zone and had a relative molecular mass of 34,000 daltons. The tropomyosin from skeletal muscles was separated into two zones containing polypeptides of 47,200 and 35,000 daltons. Proteins from nonmuscular tissues constituted two fractions with relative molecular mass of 35,000 and 29,000 daltons. alpha-Chains of tropomyosins in various human tissues were similar to each other as shown using immunodiffusion procedure.

[Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic study of the molecular weight of skeletal muscle and myocardial actin]. / Izuchenie molekuliarnogo vesa aktina skeletnoi i serdechnoi myshts cheloveka metodom élektroforeza v poliakrilamidnom gele.

Actins, isolated from human sceletal and heart muscles, were studied using SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. They possessed similar electrophoretic mobility and molecular weight about 46000 daltons.