Comparative distribution of Arcadlin/Protocadherin-8 mRNA in the intact and ischemic brains of adult mice.

The structural plasticity of dendritic spines serves as the adaptive capabilities of the central nervous system to various stimuli. Among these stimuli, cerebral ischemia induces dynamic alterations in neuronal network activity. Arcadlin/Paraxial protocadherin/Protocadherin-8 (Acad), a regulator of dendritic spine density, is strongly induced by activating stimuli to the neurons. However, the detailed distribution of Acad in normal and ischemic adult brains remains unclear. We comprehensively described Acad expression patterns in normal and ischemic adult brains by in situ hybridization histochemistry. We found that intact adult brains expressed Acad in the piriform cortex, dentate gyrus, hippocampal CA3, entorhinal cortex, amygdala, and hypothalamus. Acad expression was dramatically upregulated in the piriform cortex, olfactory area, dentate gyrus, entorhinal cortex, prefrontal cortex, insular cortex, amygdala, and septohippocampal nucleus 4 h after cerebral ischemia. Cerebral ischemia induced widespread neuronal activation, which was required for Acad upregulation. Our data suggested the involvement of Acad in the adaptive plasticity and remodeling of the neuronal network in the limbic and paralimbic systems.

Surgical technique for supracondylar fracture of the humerus with percutaneous leverage pinning.

Percutaneous pinning with a leverage technique for supracondylar fracture of the humerus was performed in 36 elbows in 35 children. The patient was placed in the lateral position with the forearm hanging. Under radiographic imaging, a Kirschner wire, as a reduction pin, was inserted into the fracture line from the dorsal side, passed through the posterior cortex of the proximal fragment, and turned distally. After reduction of the posterior displacement by the leverage technique, the reduction pin was driven into the anterior cortex of the proximal fragment. Subsequently, a Kirschner wire was inserted from the lateral condyle for fixation between the proximal and distal fragments. This percutaneous pinning technique was successfully performed in 32 of 36 elbows, with excellent functional results in 28 elbows and good results in 4, as well as excellent cosmetic results in 27 elbows and good results in 5, based on the evaluation criteria of Flynn et al.

[Morphologic analysis of Japanese adult sacroiliac joint using computed tomographic images].

PURPOSE: To study the relationship of angles in adult sacroiliac joints (SJ) with laterality, age, gender, degeneration, childbearing in different locations. METHODS: The study was performed in 92 healthy Japanese adult volunteers (46 males and 46 females, aged 21 approximately 86 years) who had no low back complaints. Axial computed tomographic (CT) images were obtained using an X-VIGOR apparatus (Toshiba Medical Inc. Japan). The angle measurements were taken directly using soft NIH Image 1.61 (Scion Inc. USA). We examined possible factors. Statistical evaluation was calculated using t-test by soft SPSS (SPSS Inc. Japan). RESULTS: Our findings indicated that SJ angles had no relationships with laterality, gender. But from upper part to lower part, the average of SJ angle was 7.61 degrees +/-8.7 degrees, 5.16 degrees +/-7.3 degrees, -0.85 degrees +/-7.3 degrees respectively in the left and 6.56 degrees +/-9.4 degrees, 4.10 degrees +/-7.2 degrees, -2.30 degrees +/-7.0 degrees in the right. The difference is significant between lower part and upper-middle part (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results provided new anatomic and morphological data for better understandings of SJ in the clinic work.