Comprehensive evaluation of urban water supply security based on the VIKOR-TOPSIS method.

To determine the security status of urban water supplies, a comprehensive evaluation model of urban water supply security based on the VIKOR and TOPSIS models is proposed. The comprehensive evaluation value K is obtained as the evaluation result, and the larger K is, the higher the safety of the urban water supply. The results show that the security of the water supply in Tianjin increased from 0.2300 in 2015 to 0.8026 in 2018. Although it slightly decreased to 0.5439 in 2019, it was still at a high level and increased to 0.7508 in 2020. The urban water transmission and distribution status, the service level of the water supply industry, and the status of sewage treatment play positive roles in affecting the safety of the water supply in Tianjin, and the status of urban water sources and the urban water use status are the main factors that reduced the safety of the urban water supply. According to the results of an obstacle degree model and the actual conditions in the study area, it is suggested that Tianjin should continue to focus on the development of water resources and the utilization of unconventional water sources and actively promote the construction of a water-saving society.

Comprehensive evaluation of water resources carrying capacity and analysis of obstacle factors in Weifang City based on hierarchical cluster analysis-VIKOR method.

This study uses hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) to screen the evaluation indexes and establishes a comprehensive evaluation index system for water resources carrying capacity (WRCC), based on the VIKOR method and the obstacle degree model for the identification of the main factors affecting the WRCC of Weifang City. The results show that the WRCC of Weifang City has steadily increased from 2008 to 2018. The subsystems referred to society and water environment are currently the main obstacles affecting Weifang's WRCC, but there is still space for improvement in the future. The areas with low WRCC was Kuiwen District in 2018, which was in a seriously overloaded state, mostly affected by the water resources subsystem. The implementation of measures such as efficiently improving the level of water resources management and the development of water conservancy projects is prominent in water resource planning in Kuiwen District. This study analyzes the current situation of water resources management in order to consider it in strategic decision-making in promoting the improvement of WRCC, which in turn may ensure the realization of a green and sustainable development strategy in the future for Weifang City.