[Characteristics of gut microbiome communities in the invasive African giant snail under urbanization gradient]. / åŸŽå¸‚åŒ–æ¢¯åº¦ä¸‹å ¥ä¾µç”Ÿç‰©éžæ´²å¤§èœ—ç‰›è‚ é“å¾®ç”Ÿç‰©ç¾¤è½ç‰¹å¾.

To investigate the diversity and community structure of gut microbiome of the invasive species, Achatina fulica, along an urbanization gradient, we collected 30 A. fulica samples from five parks in the urban, suburban, and rural areas of Xiamen City. Using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing performed by the third generation PacBio sequencing platform, we analyzed the community characteristics of gut microbiome and soil microbiome in different habitats. We found a significant disparity between the composition of gut microbiome of A. fulica and that of the soil microbiome in their habitats. Furthermore, the gut microbiome of A. fulica were more sensitive to urbanization. The microbial α-diversity indices (Sobs, Chao, Shannon indices) in the soil of A. fulica habitats were consistently higher than those within their guts. Despite the similar ß-diversity indices of microbial communities in urban, suburban, and rural soils, we found a significant discrepancy in gut microbiome composition. Urbanization significantly influenced A. fulica gut microbiome composition. Gut microbiome of A. fulica in urban and suburban regions primarily consisted of Enterobacteriaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, and Mycoplasmataceae, while that in rural areas chiefly composed of Streptococcaceae and Paenibacillaceae. The diversity and abundance of potential human pathogenic bacteria within the gut microbiome of A. fulica significantly increased in urban environments, suggesting that urbanization escalated the risk of A. fulica transmitting potential pathogens.

[Expression of bcl-2, c-erbB2, and p53 protein in cervical epithelial carcinogenesis].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Less research of molecular biology have been reported on cervical carcinogenesis. So the authors designed this study to evaluate the expression and clinical significance of antiapoptosis gene bcl-2, oncogene c-erbB2, and tumor suppressor gene p53 in the progression of this kind of cancer. METHODS: Using S-P immunohistochemical technique, the authors examined the expression of bcl-2, c-erbB2, and p53 in 48 squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, 42 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and 20 normal cervical tissues. RESULTS: The expression rates of bcl-2, c-erbB2, and p53 were 72.9%(35/48), 60.4% (29/48), and 58.3% (28/48) in carcinomas, 61.9% (26/42), 38.1% (16/42), and 26.2% (11/42) in CIN, 20.0% (4/20), 0.0% (0/20), and 0.0% (0/20) in normal cervices, respectively. The overexpression of bcl-2 protein in carcinomas and in CIN was remarkably higher than that in normal cervices (P< 0.01), and the difference between carcinomas and CIN was not significant (P>0.05). There were significant differences for c-erbB2 and p53 between carcinomas and CIN and normal cervices, respectively (P< 0.05). There were significant differences for bcl-2, c-erbB2, and p53 between CIN3 and CIN1-2, respectively (P< 0.05). Expression of bcl-2 and p53 were correlated with histological type, tumor grades, and clinical stages (P< 0.05). Expression of bcl-2 was lower keratinized than nonkeratinized and was lower as tumor grades and clinical stages increased (P< 0.05). It was not associated with lymph node metastasis (P >0.05). However, the expression of p53 was contrary with bcl-2. Expression of c-erbB2 was not associated with histological type, tumor grades, clinical stages, and lymph node metastasis (P >0.05). CONCLUSION: In cervical carcinogenesis, the overexpression of bcl-2 protein may be activated in the early stage of pathogenesis of cervical carcinoma. Expression of c-erbB2 was the signal of cell malignant change. Expression of p53 was associated with the pathogenesis and development of cervical carcinoma.