ESF-YOLO: an accurate and universal object detector based on neural networks.

As an excellent single-stage object detector based on neural networks, YOLOv5 has found extensive applications in the industrial domain; however, it still exhibits certain design limitations. To address these issues, this paper proposes Efficient Scale Fusion YOLO (ESF-YOLO). Firstly, the Multi-Sampling Conv Module (MSCM) is designed, which enhances the backbone network's learning capability for low-level features through multi-scale receptive fields and cross-scale feature fusion. Secondly, to tackle occlusion issues, a new Block-wise Channel Attention Module (BCAM) is designed, assigning greater weights to channels corresponding to critical information. Next, a lightweight Decoupled Head (LD-Head) is devised. Additionally, the loss function is redesigned to address asynchrony between labels and confidences, alleviating the imbalance between positive and negative samples during the neural network training. Finally, an adaptive scale factor for Intersection over Union (IoU) calculation is innovatively proposed, adjusting bounding box sizes adaptively to accommodate targets of different sizes in the dataset. Experimental results on the SODA10M and CBIA8K datasets demonstrate that ESF-YOLO increases Average Precision at 0.50 IoU (AP50) by 3.93 and 2.24%, Average Precision at 0.75 IoU (AP75) by 4.77 and 4.85%, and mean Average Precision (mAP) by 4 and 5.39%, respectively, validating the model's broad applicability.

Solvothermal synthesis of antimony sulfide dendrites for electrochemical detection of dopamine.

Sb2S3 dendrites composed of 1-dimensional rods were prepared by a facile solvothermal reaction. The dosage of the poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) morphology-controlling reagent and the reaction temperature are key factors determining the final morphology of the product. Temporal experiments revealed that the formation of Sb2S3 dendrites experienced successive stages including precipitate reaction, crystallization and tip splitting. The as-prepared Sb2S3 dendrites were further employed as sensing material for electrochemical detection of dopamine (DA). A cyclic voltammogram (CV) showed that an Sb2S3 dendrite modified electrode enables the selective electro-oxidation of DA in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA). The constructed biosensor demonstrated a linear response range of 0.125-160 µM and a detection limit of 0.1 µM, which suggests that the Sb2S3 dendrites are promising sensing materials in the electrochemical analysis of DA.