ADAM12 promotes gemcitabine resistance by activating EGFR signaling pathway and induces EMT in bladder cancer.

BACKGROUND: Gemcitabine (GEM)-based chemotherapy regimens is widely used in bladder cancer (BC) patients. However, GEM resistance may occur and result in treatment failure and disease progression. A disintegrin and metalloprotease 12 (ADAM12) plays a critical role in many cancers. However, the role of ADAM12 in GEM resistance of BC remains unclear. METHODS: We analyzed the relationship between ADAM12 expression and tumor characteristics using the data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then, we established GEM resistant BC cell lines and used quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, cell counting kit-8, immunohistochemistry, and xenograft mouse model to investigate the role of ADAM12 in GEM resistance. RESULTS: In general, ADAM12 was found to be upregulated in GEM resistant BC cells. ADAM12 knockdown increased the chemosensitivity of BC cells. We further proved that ADAM12 could promote GEM resistance by activating the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway in BC. Furthermore, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype was observed in GEM resistant BC cells. ADAM12 induced EMT process and promotes tumor progression in BC. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested that ADAM12 was a key gene for GEM resistance and positively correlated with malignancy of BC. It might serve as a novel and valuable therapeutic target for BC.

Correlation between mental quality and training intensity in university swimmers / Correlação entre qualidade mental e intensidade de treinamento de nadadores universitários / Correlación entre la calidad mental y la intensidad del entrenamiento en nadadores universitarios

ABSTRACT Introduction: We should pay attention to physical and psychological training still in the growth phase of athletes to ensure a better overall performance quality. Psychological training can be an effective tool to improve the technical level and skills of swimming. Objective: This paper discusses the relationship between mental health education and training intensity in college swimmers. Methods: The mental health of professional swimmers in college sports is explored with study subjects undergoing a 10-week training trial. The comparison of clinical effects between various psychological training modalities and swimmers' self-management is analyzed. In a second step, this paper performs statistics and analysis on the questionnaire and experimental data. Results: The exercise ability of the control group was significantly improved after relaxation training, tension training, and thought control training (P<0.05). The results showed that the learning effect of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Psychological training and self-regulation in training have a good effect on improving the mental quality of competitive sports players. This approach improves athletes' performance more effectively than other approaches. The psychological self-regulation training method is one that swimming coaches should pay attention to and advocate vigorously. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Devemos prestar atenção aos exercícios físicos e psicológicos ainda na fase do crescimento dos atletas para garantir uma melhor qualidade geral de seu desempenho. O treinamento psicológico pode ser uma ferramenta eficaz para melhorar o nível técnico e as habilidades da natação. Objetivo: Este artigo discute a relação entre educação em saúde mental e intensidade de treinamento nos nadadores universitários. Métodos: A saúde mental de nadadores profissionais em esportes universitários é explorada com os sujeitos do estudo sendo submetidos a um teste de treinamento de 10 semanas. A comparação dos efeitos clínicos entre diversas modalidades de formação psicológica é executada e analisa-se a autogestão dos nadadores. Num segundo momento, este artigo realiza estatísticas e análises sobre o questionário e dados experimentais. Resultados: A capacidade de exercício do grupo controle foi significativamente melhorada após o treinamento de relaxamento, treinamento de tensão e treinamento de controle de pensamento (P<0,05). Os resultados mostraram que o efeito de aprendizagem do grupo experimental foi significativamente melhor do que o do grupo controle (P<0,05). Conclusão: O treinamento psicológico da autorregulação no treinamento tem um bom efeito na melhoria da qualidade mental dos jogadores esportivos competitivos. Essa abordagem melhora o desempenho do atleta de forma mais eficaz do que outras abordagens. O método de treinamento psicológico da autorregulação é um método que os treinadores de natação devem prestar atenção e defender vigorosamente. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Debemos prestar atención al entrenamiento físico y psicológico todavía en la fase de crecimiento de los deportistas para garantizar una mejor calidad general de su rendimiento. El entrenamiento psicológico puede ser una herramienta eficaz para mejorar el nivel técnico y las habilidades de natación. Objetivo: Este trabajo analiza la relación entre la educación en salud mental y la intensidad del entrenamiento en nadadores universitarios. Métodos: Se explora la salud mental de los nadadores profesionales de deportes universitarios con sujetos de estudio sometidos a una prueba de entrenamiento de 10 semanas. Se realiza la comparación de los efectos clínicos entre varias modalidades de entrenamiento psicológico y se analiza la autogestión de los nadadores. En un segundo paso, este documento realiza estadísticas y análisis sobre el cuestionario y los datos experimentales. Resultados: La capacidad de ejercicio del grupo de control mejoró significativamente tras el entrenamiento de relajación, el entrenamiento de tensión y el entrenamiento de control del pensamiento (P<0,05). Los resultados mostraron que el efecto de aprendizaje del grupo experimental fue significativamente mejor que el del grupo de control (P<0,05). Conclusión: El entrenamiento psicológico de la autorregulación en el entrenamiento tiene un buen efecto en la mejora de la calidad mental de los jugadores deportivos de competición. Este enfoque mejora el rendimiento de los atletas de forma más eficaz que otros enfoques. El método de entrenamiento de autorregulación psicológica es uno de los que los entrenadores de natación deberían prestar atención y defender enérgicamente. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Effects of erector spinae plane block and retrolaminar block on analgesia for multiple rib fractures: a randomized, double-blinded clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Erector Spinae Plane Block (ESPB) and Retrolaminar Block (RLB) on intra- and postoperative analgesia in patients with Multiple Rib Fractures (MRFs). METHODS: A total of 80 MRFs patients were randomly divided into the ESPB (Group E) and RLB (Group R) groups. After general anesthesia, ESPB and RLB were performed under ultrasound guidance, respectively, together with 20 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine and Patient-Controlled Intravenous Analgesia (PCIA). RESULTS: Thirty-four cases in Group E and 33,cases in Group R showed unclear paravertebral spaces. The intraoperative dosage of remifentanil (mean ± SD) (392.8 ± 118.7 vs. 501.7 ± 190.0 µg) and postoperative morphine PCIA dosage, (7.35 ± 1.55 vs. 14.73 ± 2.18 mg) in Group R were significantly less than those in Group E; the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores in Group R at 2 (2.7 ± 1.2 vs. 3.4 ± 1.4), 4 (2.2 ± 1.1 vs. 2.8 ± 0.9), 12 (2.5 ± 0.9 vs. 3.0 ± 0.8), and 24 hours (2.6 ± 1.0 vs. 3.1 ± 0.9) after surgery were significantly lower than those in Group E. Finally, the normal respiratory diaphragm activity (2.17 ± 0.22 vs. 2.05 ± 0.19), pH (median [IQR] (7.38 [7.31-7.45] vs. 7.36 [7.30-7.42]), and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) (44 [35-49] vs. 42.5 [30-46]) after the operation in Group R were significantly better than those in Group E (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: RLB was a more effective analgesic method than ESPB in the treatment of MRF.