El cuerpo y la enfermedad. Vínculo y psicosis / Body and illness. Bonding and psychosis

A través del caso clínico de un niño de 8 años, cuya madre presenta un funcionamiento psicótico relativamente compensado en el pasado y que desarrolla una psicosis simbiótica con ésta, se discute la relación que se establece entre ambos a través de los cuidados corporales. Se apreciará la expresión de la sintomatología por medio del cuerpo, haciendo un análisis de la función del vínculo en un cuerpo que sufre. Se comentará sobre el diagnóstico y el enfoque terapéutico, así como una reflexión final sobre la importancia del trabajo de prevención en población de riesgo (AU)

Throughout the analysis of a case study about an 8-year old boy and his psychotic mother, with an established ‘folie à deux’, we will discuss the relationship between them and all the physical attentions the minor received from her. We will explain how the psychic symptoms of the child will relate to his suffering body by analyzing the function of the attachment. Moreover, a discussion will be made on the diagnosis and the therapeutic approach, as well as on the importance of working on prevention with population in risk of psychiatric illness (AU)

Las interacciones tempranas padres-bebé y su influencia en la psicopatología / The influence of early parental-baby interactions on psychopathology

A partir del concepto de interacciones tempranas desde el punto de vista psicodinámico y en una triple dimensión (comportamental, afectiva y fantasmática), los autores plantean una visión comprensiva del desarrollo y de la organización del psiquismo y la personalidad, así como de la psicopatología en los primeros años del niño. Para ello recogen las nociones teóricas de la denominada escuela de Ginebra que, con una concepción epigenética y multifactorial, estudia la organización del vínculo o relación de apego a partir de la calidad de las funciones parentales y de las características temperamentales del bebé. Son los trastornos del apego los que pueden dar lugar a grados variables de trastorno del humor del bebé que pueden acompañarse de trastornos del desarrollo, y originar trastornos psicopatológicos diversos a lo largo de la infancia. Finalmente se esbozan algunas propuestas preventivas y asistenciales (AU)

From the notion of early interactions, and a psychodynamic and a triple dimension point of view (behavioral, affective and imaginative) the authors propose a comprehensive vision about the development and organization of the mind and personality, as well as the psychopathology, during children’s early years. To accomplish this, they gather the School of Geneva´s theoretical notions which study the attachment organization from the quality of parental roles and the baby´s temperamental characteristics. The attachment disorders may lead to various degrees of mood disorders that could settle along with developmental disorders and originate various psychopathological disorders throughout childhood. Finally, some proposals for prevention and care are outlined (AU)

Desarrollo psíquico temprano y aprendizaje / Early psychological development and learning

El aumento de las consultas relacionadas con dificultades de atención, hiperactividad y trastornos de comportamiento constatado en los niños al inicio de la enseñanza primaria (escolaridad propiamente dicha) lleva a los autores a reflexionar sobre la influencia de los acelerados cambios en las sociedades desarrolladas en el desarrollo psíquico y la organización de la personalidad. Se hace énfasis sobre los procesos de latencia (sublimación, control de la motricidad y del paso al acto) como posibilitadores de los aprendizajes escolares y su puesta en marcha en los niños de hoy (AU)

The ultimate increased volume of outpatient first consultations related to attention impairment, hyperactivity and conduct disorders in children starting Lower School led the authors to ponder about the influence that high speed changes in developed societies have upon psychological development and personality organization. Emphasis is made on latency processes (sublimation, motor control and acting out) as learning promoters in the school environment of here and now kids (AU)

Maternal attachment representations and the development of very low birth weight premature infants at two years of age.

There is a consensus that prematurity could increase the risk of attachment impairment. We studied 90 premature children with very low birth weights (<1,500 g) and 96 healthy children born at term with similar age and sociodemographic characteristics. Our objective was to assess maternal stress and attachment representations, and compare development indices on both groups at 2 years of age. Premature infants had a medium-to-severe degree of immaturity and biological risk (M gestational age = 29.98 weeks; birth weight = 1,159.76 g), with 57% staying in the ICU ≥1 week. These children born prematurely had lower scores on the development indices within the normal range. Mothers of premature infants (n = 74) reported higher levels of stress during their first year of life (59%) than did controls (41%), but no significant differences were detected in maternal attachment discourse between the two groups. The findings confirm that premature birth has a great influence on maternal emotional responses and the health and development of children in the first years of life, and indicate that stress responses in parents and warning signs for attachment problems should be assessed as early as possible.