2022 French Report Card on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Children and Youth: From Continuous Alarming Conclusions to Encouraging Initiatives.

BACKGROUND: Scientific evidence and public health reports keep highlighting the continuous and alarming worldwide progression of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors in children and adolescents. The present paper summarizes findings from the 2022 French Report Card (RC) on physical activity for children and youth and compares them to the 2016, 2018, and 2020 RCs. METHODS: The 2022 edition of the French RC follows the standardized methodology established by the Active Healthy Kids Global Matrix. Ten physical activity indicators have been evaluated and graded based on the best available evidence coming from national surveys, peer-reviewed literature, government and nongovernment reports, and online information. The evaluation was also performed in children and adolescents with disabilities. Indicators were graded from A (high level of evidence) to F (very low level of evidence) or INC for incomplete. RESULTS: The evaluated indicators received the following grades: overall physical activity: D-; organized sport participation and physical activity: C; active play: F; active transportation: C; sedentary behaviors: D-; family and peers: D; physical fitness: C; school: C-; community and the built environment: F; government: B. CONCLUSIONS: While this 2022 French RC shows progression for 7 out of the 10 indicators considered, it also underlines the continuous need for actions at the local, regional, and national levels to develop better surveillance systems and favor a long-term improvement of youth movement behaviors.

Impact of the COVID-19 confinement on movement behaviors among French young children: the ONAPS national survey.

BACKGROUND: The present study examines the effects of the COVID-19 confinement on healthrelated behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behaviors) of young French children. METHODS: Parents of 348 French children under 6 years of age completed an online survey launched during the first days of the initial COVID-19-related confinement. They were asked to indicate whether their kids increased, decreased or maintained their physical activity level, time spent in sedentary behaviors, and sleep time. Information regarding the configuration of their home environment (access to outdoor facilities, implantation area) and lifestyle habits (solitary activity, parents' solicitation; nap time; night waking episodes and night duration) were also collected. RESULTS: A total of 25.0% of the children were reported to decrease, 24.7% maintained and 50.3% increase their physical activity during the confinement. Greater proportions of kids who had access to a collective (51.4%) or individual (53.7%) outdoor area increased their physical activity. Regardless of the housing situation (urban, suburban or rural) or access to outdoor facilities, the majority of children increased their screen time (60.4%). Two-thirds (66.7%) of parents reported nap time remained unchanged for their kids. Fifty-one percent of parents admitted a link between teleworking and their kids' screen time. CONCLUSIONS: Health behaviors were differentially impacted in very young kids during a confinement period. Importantly, a majority of parents admitted a causal effect of telecommuting on their kids' screen exposure. The present results also show that the proneness to increase physical activity during confinement is positively related to access to a favorable outdoor environment.

Reliability and Validity of the ONAPS Physical Activity Questionnaire in Assessing Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in French Adults.

This study was conducted to assess the validity and reliability of a new questionnaire, the ONAPS-PAQ, developed to assess physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) in the general population. A total of 137 healthy adults aged 18 to 69 years were included. Following completion of two physical activity questionnaires (ONAPS-PAQ and GPAQ, the Global physical activity questionnaire) to study concurrent validity, participants wore an accelerometer (UKK-RM42) for 7 days to study criterion validity. A subsample (n = 36) also completed a 7-day-interval test-retest protocol to assess its reliability. Reliability was tested by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Kappa coefficient; concurrent and criterion validity by the Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ) and Bland-Altman plot analyses. The ONAPS-PAQ showed good reliability (ICC = 0.71-0.98; Kappa = 0.61-0.99) and concurrent validity (ρ = 0.56-0.86), but only poor criterion validity (ρ = 0.26-0.41), and wide limits of agreement. Self-reported and accelerometer-measured SB were better correlated with ONAPS-PAQ than GPAQ (0.41 vs. 0.26, respectively) and medians were comparable, whereas the GPAQ underestimated SB (SBacc = 481 (432-566), SBONAPS = 480 (360-652), SBGPAQ = 360 (240-540) min·day-1; median (q1-q3)). The ONAPS-PAQ provides good reliability and acceptable validity for the measurement of PA and SB and seems to provide a better assessment of SB than GPAQ.

RGTA modulates the healing pattern of a defect in a monolayer of osteoblastic cells by acting on both proliferation and migration.

A family of heparan-like polymers, RGTAs, was shown to promote repair of various tissues. Like heparin and heparan-sulfates, RGTAs potentiate in vitro the biological activities of heparin-binding growth factors (HBGFs) and protect them against proteolytic degradation. It was postulated that RGTAs stimulate bone healing by interacting with HBGFs released in the wound site and, subsequently, by promoting the proliferation of cells implicated in this process. In a previous report, we examined how RGTA can modulate the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. To further complete this study and to support this hypothesis, we developed an in vitro model of bone repair and examined the effects of RGTA alone or in association with FGF2, BMP-2, and TGF-beta1 which are representative of HBGFs known to stimulate bone repair. The model consisted of a 6-mm reproducible defect created on a MC3T3-E1 cell monolayer. In the presence of the different products added to the medium, the process of wound repair was measured through the filling of the acellular defect. We show that in 8 days, RGTA slightly inhibits repair alone compared to the control (2% FBS), that it inhibits the mitogenic effect of FGF2, and that it amplifies the inhibitory effect of BMP-2 and TGF-beta1. Repair was realized by an association of cell migration and cell proliferation mechanisms. To determine the part played by each process, DNA synthesis was evaluated for cell proliferation using an immunodetection technique [to measure incorporation of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU)], coupled with a computer-assisted image analysis. The results show that the presence of RGTA (1) amplified the number of labeled nuclei compared to the control, (2) added to FGF2 or TGF-beta1, it reduced the number of labeled nuclei compared to FGF2 or TGF-beta1 alone, and (3) in the presence of BMP-2, it amplified the number of labeled nuclei compared to BMP-2 alone. Proper interpretation of these data requires a better understanding of the mechanism of action of RGTA on bone healing.