Influence of Neuropeptide Y and Neuropeptide Y 2 Receptor Variants in Acute Coronary Syndrome

Abstract Background The neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most abundant neurotransmitters in the nervous system. NPY acts as a potent stimulator of angiogenesis, inflammation, and adipogenesis, through the NPY 2 receptor (NPY2R). Changes in the NPY signaling pathway have been linked to Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Objectives The purpose of this study is to determine the association between variants in the NPY and NPY2R genes, as well as the severity of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods Approximately 221 ACS patients and 278 healthy controls were selected for this study. Four variants in NPY and two variants in NPY2R genes were genotyped using Taqman allelic discrimination and sequencing. The Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to verify the genotype frequencies. The logistic regression analyses were used for the evaluation of the studied variables. Haplotype analysis was used to evaluate the linkage disequilibrium (LD) between the variants (p<0.05). Results An association of NPY c.20T>C variant was found with the ACS group when compared to the healthy group. In the analysis between variants and risk factors in the ACS group, NPY c.84G>A was associated with hypertension. The analysis between TIMI risk showed a significance for NPY c.20T>C between the low and intermediate/high TIMI risk groups. In the haplotype analysis, strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) was found between the variants NPY c.150G>A and NPY c.-485T>C. Conclusion The NPY c.20T>C variant appears to contribute to the development of ACS. The NPY2R c.-1116A>G variant may contribute to the early development of ACS and the NPY c.84G>A variant appears to contribute to the development of hypertension. In addition, the NPY c.20T>C is associated with a protective effect in ACS severity.

Relationships between take-off speed and performance in F-44 and F-46 paralympic discus throwers / Relações entre a velocidade de decolagem e desempenho em lançadores de disco paraolímpicos da classe F-44 e F-46 / Relaciones entre la velocidad de despegue y el rendimiento en los lanzadores de discos paralímpicos de las clases F-44 y F-46

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze discus throwing in Paralympic athletes from two functional classes (FCs). Seven athletes from two classes F-44 (N=4) and F-46 (N=3) performed three throws each during a regional competition and were evaluated through 3D kinemetry. The assessed athletes presented a similar throwing technique, with a preparation movement opposite to the throw preceding the shot. Class F-44 showed a weak correlation between take-off speed and range (r= 0.15; p>0.05). F-46 showed a strong correlation between take-off speed and range (r=0.77; p=0.014). We conclude that athletes from the assessed FCs present important differences in terms of performance.

RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo a análise do lançamento de disco em atletas paralímpicos de duas classes funcionais (CFs). Sete atletas de duas classes F-44 (N=4) e F-46 (N=3) executaram 3 lançamentos cada durante uma competição regional, e foram avaliados por meio de cinemetria 3D. Os atletas avaliados apresentaram uma técnica de lançamento semelhante, com movimento de preparação em direção oposta ao lançamento que antecedia o arremate. Na classe F-44 houve uma fraca correlação entre a velocidade de decolagem e o alcance do disco (r= 0,15; p>0,05). Na F-46 houve forte correlação entre a velocidade de decolagem e o alcance (r= 0,77; p=0,014). Conclui-se que atletas das CFs avaliadas apresentam diferenças importantes em termos de desempenho.

RESUMEN El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el lanzamiento de disco en atletas paralímpicos de dos clases funcionales (FC). Siete atletas de dos clases F-44 (N = 4) y F-46 (N = 3) realizaron 3 lanzamientos cada uno durante una competencia regional, y fueron evaluados usando cinemetría 3D. Los deportistas evaluados presentaron una técnica de lanzamiento similar, con un movimiento de preparación en sentido contrario al lanzamiento que precedió al tiro. En la clase F-44 hubo una correlación débil entre la velocidad de despegue y el alcance del disco (r = 0,15; p> 0,05). En el F-46 hubo una fuerte correlación entre la velocidad de despegue y el alcance (r = 0,77; p = 0,014). Se concluye que los deportistas de los CF evaluados presentan importantes diferencias en cuanto a rendimiento.

Deep Generative Model of Individual Variability in fMRI Images of Psychiatric Patients.

Neuroimaging techniques, such as the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), have been investigated to find objective biomarkers of neuro-logical and psychiatric disorders. Objective biomarkers potentially provide a refined diagnosis and quantitative measurements of the effects of treatment. However, fMRI images are sensitive to individual variability, such as functional topography and personal attributes. Suppressing the irrelevant individual variability is crucial for finding objective biomarkers for multiple subjects. Herein, we propose a structured generative model based on deep learning (i.e., a deep generative model) that considers such individual variability. The proposed model builds a joint distribution of (preprocessed) fMRI images, state (with or without a disorder), and individual variability. It can thereby discriminate individual variability from the subject's state. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model can diagnose unknown subjects with greater accuracy than conventional approaches. Moreover, the diagnosis is fairer to gender and state, because the proposed model extracts subject attributes (age, gender, and scan site) in an unsupervised manner.

Evaluation of Polymorphisms in IL8 and IL16 Genes in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Abstract Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a cardiovascular disease caused by obstruction of coronary arteries by atheromatous plaque. Susceptibility to this disease may be related to genetic variations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Objective: In this study, we evaluated the relationship between SNPs in IL8 (rs4073; -251 A/T) and IL16 (rs11556218; T/G) genes and SCA in a Brazilian population. Materials and Methods: A sample of 200 patients with ACS and 50 non-ACS patients hospitalized at the Real Hospital Português, Recife - PE, Brazil, and 220 blood donors (donors) was used. Genotyping was carried out by polymerase chain reaction, and DNA sequencing. Statistical analyzes were performed using the Williams G, Chi-square and Kruskal Wallis tests, using the BioEstat 5.0 program, and the data with a value of p < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: In the IL8 gene, the AT genotype was the most frequent (p > 0.05) in all three groups. In the IL16 gene, genotypic distributions were different between patients with ACS and the donor group (p = 0.002), with the most frequent G allele in the second group (p = 0.0052). The IL-16 cytokine was higher in donors than in patients with ACS (p = 0.04) and the G (TG + GG) allele had higher values of this cytokine (p = 0.01). Conclusions: The results demonstrate the important role of the rs11556218 SNP in IL16 gene in SCA, evidencing that the G allele may be associated with a decreased risk of the disease.

Políticas públicas de esporte e lazer na cidade: não só de pista de skate, vive o skatista de Recife-PE / Public policies of sports and leisure in the city: not only of skateparks, lives Recife's skateboarder

Em contextos urbanos, há o aumento de skatistas. Essa realidade remete ao setor público, especialmente municipal, demandas relacionadas às políticas públicas que contribuam para a manutenção e incremento dos espaços coletivos. Este estudo objetivou analisar os espaços públicos disponíveis para prática de skate na cidade de Recife-PE. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, contou com dados de entrevistas com cem skatistas colaboradores. Como resultado é imprescindível a implantação e manutenção de locais adequados, organizados e descentralizados para garantir direitos de acesso aos cidadãos interessados na modalidade skate. A descentralização dos espaços pode assegurar aos usuários a ocupação democrática e participativa.

In urban contexts, there is the growth of skateboarders. This reality refers to the public sector, especially municipal, demands related to public policies that contribute to the maintenance and increase of collective spaces. This study aimed to analyze the public spaces available for skateboarding in the city of Recife-PE. The research, of qualitative and quantitative nature, had data from interviews with 100 skateboardes collaborators. As a result, it is essential to set up and maintain adequate, organized and decentralized locations to guarantee access rights for citizens interested in skateboarding. The decentralization of spaces can assure users of democratic and participatory occupation.

Deep Neural Generative Model of Functional MRI Images for Psychiatric Disorder Diagnosis.

Accurate diagnosis of psychiatric disorders plays a critical role in improving the quality of life for patients and potentially supports the development of new treatments. Many studies have been conducted on machine learning techniques that seek brain imaging data for specific biomarkers of disorders. These studies have encountered the following dilemma: A direct classification overfits to a small number of high-dimensional samples but unsupervised feature-extraction has the risk of extracting a signal of no interest. In addition, such studies often provided only diagnoses for patients without presenting the reasons for these diagnoses. This study proposed a deep neural generative model of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. The proposed model is conditioned by the assumption of the subject's state and estimates the posterior probability of the subject's state given the imaging data, using Bayes' rule. This study applied the proposed model to diagnose schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Diagnostic accuracy was improved by a large margin over competitive approaches, namely classifications of functional connectivity, discriminative/generative models of regionwise signals, and those with unsupervised feature-extractors. The proposed model visualizes brain regions largely related to the disorders, thus motivating further biological investigation.

Improvement of a patient's circadian rhythm sleep disorders by aripiprazole was associated with stabilization of his bipolar illness.

Splitting of the behavioural activity phase has been found in nocturnal rodents with suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) coupling disorder. A similar phenomenon was observed in the sleep phase in the diurnal human discussed here, suggesting that there are so-called evening and morning oscillators in the SCN of humans. The present case suffered from bipolar disorder refractory to various treatments, and various circadian rhythm sleep disorders, such as delayed sleep phase, polyphasic sleep, separation of the sleep bout resembling splitting and circabidian rhythm (48 h), were found during prolonged depressive episodes with hypersomnia. Separation of sleep into evening and morning components and delayed sleep-offset (24.69-h cycle) developed when lowering and stopping the dose of aripiprazole (APZ). However, resumption of APZ improved these symptoms in 2 weeks, accompanied by improvement in the patient's depressive state. Administration of APZ may improve various circadian rhythm sleep disorders, as well as improve and prevent manic-depressive episodes, via augmentation of coupling in the SCN network.

Aeração nasal e força muscular respiratória em crianças respiradoras orais / Nasal aeration and respiratory muscle strength in mouth breathers' children

Resumo:OBJETIVO:observar se existe relação entre força muscular respiratória e área da aeração nasal em crianças respiradoras orais.MÉTODOS:trata-se de um estudo do tipo observacional, transversal comparativo entre dois grupos. Participaram 32 crianças com Respiração Oral secundária à rinite alérgica (21 meninos e 11 meninas) e 30 respiradoras nasais sem rinite alérgica (09 meninos e 21 meninas), 7 a 12 anos, submetidas à avaliação da aeração nasal com o espelho de Altmann e à avaliação da força muscular respiratória com o manovacuômetro digital (MVD(r)30).RESULTADOS:não houve correlação entre aeração nasal e força muscular respiratória em cada subgrupo. Houve diferença comparando-se valores das pressões expiratórias máximas entre meninos e meninas respiradores orais (p=0,0064) e entre meninos e meninas respiradores nasais (p=0,0030). Também houve diferença das pressões inspiratórias máximas entre meninos e meninas respiradores orais (p=0,0324) e entre meninos e meninas respiradores nasais (p=0,0210).CONCLUSÃO:não foi possível confirmar a relação entre a área de aeração nasal e a força muscular respiratória nos respiradores orais.

Abstract:PURPOSE:to observe whether there is a relationship between respiratory muscle strength and degree of nasal aeration in Mouth Breathing children.METHODS:this is an observational and a comparative cross-sectional study. The subjects were 32 Mouth Breathing children with allergic rhinitis (21 boys and 11 girls) and 30 nasal breathing without allergic rhinitis (09 boys and 21 girls), 7-12 years, subjected to evaluation for nasal aeration with Altmann mirror and to evaluation of respiratory muscle strength with digital manovacuometer (MVD(r)30).RESULTS:there was no correlation between nasal aeration and respiratory muscle strength in each subgroup. There was difference comparing values ​​of maximal expiratory pressure between mouth breathers boys and girls (p=0,0064), and between nasal breathers boys and girls (p=0,0030). There was also difference maximal inspiratory pressure between mouth breathers boys and girls (p=0,0324), and between nasal breathers boys and girls (p=0,0210).CONCLUSION:it was not possible to confirm that there is a relationship between the degree of nasal aeration and respiratory muscle strength in Mouth Breathing.

Qualidade de Vida e Nível de Atividade Física de Trabalhadores com Diferentes Tempos de Serviço / Life Quality and Physical Activity Level of Workers with Different Working Times

Descrever a qualidade de vida e o nível de atividadefísica de trabalhadores. De forma complementar, o tempo deserviço dos trabalhadores na empresa foi associado ao nívelde atividade física e comparado à qualidade de vida. Materiale Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 375 trabalhadoresde ambos os gêneros de uma empresa nacional da área deenergia elétrica de economia mista em Pernambuco. Emseguida, foram subdivididos em dois grupos, de acordo como tempo de serviço na empresa: até 15 anos (n=166) commédia de idade de 36,08±6,80 anos, e mais de 15 anos (n=209)com média de idade de 55,37± 5,17 anos. A análise estatísticafoi feita através dos testes de Mann-Whitney e Qui-Quadrado,com p <0,05. Resultados: Os trabalhadores com mais tempode serviço apresentaram melhores níveis nos domínios físico(p<0,05), psicológico (p<0,01) e ambiental (p<0,05). Naanálise da associação entre o nível de atividade física e otempo de serviço, verificou-se que os trabalhadores commais tempo de serviço foram mais ativos fisicamente (X2=4,617; p=0,03). Conclusão: Conclui-se que grande parte daamostra investigada apresentou níveis satisfatórios, tantona qualidade de vida quanto no nível de atividade física. Umresultado contrário ao esperado foi o fato dos trabalhadorescom mais tempo de serviço na empresa terem demonstradoser mais ativos fisicamente, contrariando os achados daliteratura...

To describe workers’ life quality and physicalactivity level. Complementarily, the employees’ working timein the company was associated to their physical activitylevel and compared to their life quality. Materials andMethods: The sample was composed by 375 workers ofboth genders from a national company of electrical energy inPernambuco. Then, those workers were subdivided into twogroups according to their working time in the company: up to15 years (n=166) with age mean of 36.08±6.80 years andmore than 15 years (n=209) with age mean of 55.37± 5.17years. Statistical analysis was made using Mann Whitneyand Chi-square tests with p <0.05. Results: The employeeshaving more working time presented better levels in thephysical (p<0.05), psychological (p<0.01) and environmental(p<0.05) domains. The associative analysis between thephysical activity level and the working time has revealed thatthe workers having more working time were more physicallyactives (X2=4.617; p=0.03). Conclusion: It is concluded thatmost of the investigated sample has showed satisfactorylevels in the quality of life and level of physical activity. As aresult contrary to expectations is the fact that workers havingmore working time in the company have proven to be morephysically active, contradicting the findings of the literature...

Chlamydia trachomatis: diagnóstico citológico e por imunofluorescência direta em uma amostra de mulheres do grande Recife / Clamydia trachomatis: cytological and direct immunofluorescence diagnosis in a sample of women from great Recife

A citologia oncótica cérvico-vaginal, além de ser útil na triagem de câncer cervical, também pode ser utilizada na detecção de características sugestivas de infecção pela Chlamydia traschomatis (Ct). O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a citologia com a técnica de imunofluorescência direta (IFD) para Chlamydia trachomatis, utilizando 171 esfregaços cérvico-vaginais de mulheres atendidas no setor de coleta preventiva de câncer de colo uterino, no Centro Integrado de Saúde Amaury de Medeiros-CISAM, no Recife-PE. Seis casos (3,5) foram positivos para Ct em apenas um caso (6,0).

An anthropometric radiographic study of the intercondylar notch in brazilian males and females

The anthropometric aspects of the femoral intercondylar notch and the femoral condyles in knees of male and female young adult individuals were analyzed at this study. Forty-six simple X-rays of the femoral intercondylar notch of right and left knees taken from 46 (18 to 35 year-old individuals), without manifestation of any pathological condition of the lower limbs. The individuals were divided into group G1 with: 23 knee of male individuals and group G1 with 23 knee of female individuals. The radiographic images were digitalized through a scanner. The comparative analysis showed that the values of femoral bicondylar width, femoral intercondylar notch base width, femoral intercondylar notch apex width, lateral and medial femoral condyle widths were greater on males. The opening femoral intercondylar notch angle showed greater values in male sex individuals while the Intercondyle Width Index (I.W.I.), expressed through the relation between the notch´s width and the femoral bicondylar width at the popliteal´s wrinkle level and whose value can be used as prediction to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, showed greater values in female sex individuals. The values of height and width of femoral intercondylar notch did not show differences between the sexes. Our results suggest that females have greater predisposition to ACL injury.

[The effect of endurance training on the neovascularization of skeletal musculature]. / Efeito do treinamento de endurance sobre a neovascularização da musculatura esquelética.

PURPOSE: To quantify the capillaries in the skeletal muscular tissue of mice with induced peripheral arterial insufficiency, after endurance training. METHOD: It was used Wistar mice in 70 days age range, subjected to the total occlusion of right femoral artery. The animals were divided into two groups: sedentary group (SG; n = 05), subjected to activities in the cage; and trained group (TG; n = 05), subjected to an endurance training in cycle ergometer twice a day 17m/min, by 5 minutes, 5 days per week during 10 weeks. The analysis was realized by the histologic observation of the vastus medialis muscle of injured member. RESULTS: The average number of capillaries in the muscular tissue was greater in TG (5,2 +/- 0,83) than in SG (1,6 +/- 1,14) (p < 0,05). CONCLUSION: In animals with induction of peripheral arterial insufficiency, the endurance training provides a process of muscular adaptation which is observed by the increase in the number of capillaries of animals subjected to this kind of training.

The effect of endurance training on the neovascularization of skeletal musculature

PURPOSE: To quantify the capillaries in the skeletal muscular tissue of mice with induced peripheral arterial insufficiency, after endurance training. METHOD: It was used Wistar mice in 70 days age range, subjected to the total occlusion of right femoral artery. The animals were divided into two groups: sedentary group (SG; n = 05), subjected to activities in the cage; and trained group (TG; n = 05), subjected to an endurance training in cycle ergometer twice a day 17m/min, by 5 minutes, 5 days per week during 10 weeks. The analysis was realized by the histologic observation of the vastus medialis muscle of injured member. RESULTS: The average number of capillaries in the muscular tissue was greater in TG (5,2 ± 0,83) than in SG (1,6 ± 1,14) (p < 0,05). CONCLUSION: In animals with induction of peripheral arterial insufficiency, the endurance training provides a process of muscular adaptation which is observed by the increase in the number of capillaries of animals subjected to this kind of training.

OBJETIVO: Quantificar os capilares no tecido muscular esquelético em ratos com insuficiência arterial periférica induzida, após treinamento de endurance. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados ratos Wistar, idade de 70 dias, submetidos à oclusão total da artéria femoral direita. Os animais foram divididos em grupo sedentário (GS; n = 05), submetidos a atividades na própria gaiola; e grupo treinado (GT; n = 05), submetidos ao treinamento de endurance em ciclo ergômetro, duas vezes ao dia, 17 m/min, por 5 minutos, 5 dias por semana, durante 10 semanas. A análise foi realizada pela observação histológica do músculo vasto medial do membro afetado. RESULTADOS: O número médio de capilares no tecido muscular foi de 5,2 ± 0,837 (p < 0,05) no GT e de 1,6 ± 1,140 no GS. CONCLUSÃO: Em animais com indução da insuficiência arterial periférica, submetidos ao treinamento de endurance, há um processo de adaptação muscular, observado pelo aumento do número de capilares nos animais submetidos a esse tipo de treinamento.

[Morphometry of human myocardium in senile individuals]. / Morfometria do miocárdio humano em indivíduos senis.

OBJECTIVE: To carry out a quantitative assessment in human myocardium cells of senile individuals, in right, left and septal ventricular regions. METHODS: Five hearts from corpses of individuals without heart diseases, of both sexes, with age between 67 and 87 years old were used. The following parameters were assessed: myocyte unit cross section area (myoc. a(o)); myocyte unit perimeter length (myoc. l(o)); myocyte unit volume (myoc. v(o)); myocyte volumetric density (myoc. V(v)); number of myocytes per volume unit (Nmm 3myoc.). The t-test of Student was used in statistic analysis. RESULTS: The analysis of differences (p < 0.05) among right (RV), left (LV) and septal (S) ventricular regions of human heart showed that myoc. a(o) values were lower in RV (1.51 +/- 0.10 microm2) and in S (1.55 +/- 0.07 microm2) in relation to LV (1.84 +/- 0.24 microm2). Values of myoc. l(o) were also shown lower in S (5.11 +/- 0.46 microm) comparing to LV (6.2 +/- 0.97 microm). Likewise, myoc. v(o) and myoc. V(v) showed lower values in RV (88.75 +/- 25.37 microm3; 0.39 +/- 0.03%) in relation to LV (122.41 +/- 16.31 microm3; 0.41 +/- 0.01%). CONCLUSION: Results obtained show that there may be changes in dimensions of left ventricular wall myocyte cell during senescent stage. However, those differences are subtle and seem to mean the adjustment of tissue to functional changes that install along life.

Morfometria do miocárdio humano em indivíduos senis / Morphometry of human myocardium in senile individuals

OBJETIVO: Realizar uma avaliação quantitativa nas células do miocárdio humano de indivíduos senis, nas regiões ventriculares direita, esquerda e septal. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados cinco corações de cadáveres de indivíduos sem enfermidades cardíacas, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 67 e 87 anos. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: área da secção transversa unitária do miócito (a o mioc); comprimento do perímetro unitário do miócito (l o mioc); volume unitário do miócito (v o mioc); densidade volumétrica dos miócitos (Vv mioc); número de miócitos por unidade de volume (Nmm

[Effect of physical training on the bone tissue and the calcium serum concentration in ovariectomized mice]. / Efeito do treinamento físico sobre o tecido ósseo e a concentração sérica de cálcio em camundongos fêmeas ovariectomizadas.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate possible morphometric alterations in bone tissue and the calcium serum concentration in ovariectomized mice subjected to physical training. METHODS: Fifty female mice, aged 90 days, divided into 5 groups (n=10): control (C), pseudo-operated sedentary (POS), pseudo-operated trained (POT), ovariectomized sedentary (OVS) and ovariectomized trained (OVT). Groups OVS and OVT were subjected to an ovariectomy, and groups POS and POT were subjected to a pseudo-surgery. Thirty days after the surgery, groups POT and OVT were subjected to physical training during 05 weeks in ergometer at a speed of 20 m/min. The other animals stayed sedentary at the same period. Afterwards the animals were sacrificed and had blood collected to realize calcium serum dosage and the right femurs were collected to realize a histomorphometric study. RESULTS: The calcium serum concentration in group OVT was lower than the other groups (p<0.05). The mass of femurs in groups POT and OVT was higher than the group Control (p<0.05). The average density of the osteocytes was higher in group OVS (p<0.05). The average value of the area of the osteocytes showed difference only between groups POS and OVS (p<0.05). There were no differences in the bone length, nor in the osteocytes perimeter. CONCLUSION: The physical training in part prevented the alterations in the bone tissue due to the ovariectomy and enabled an increase of the bone formation.

Efeito do treinamento físico sobre o tecido ósseo e a concentracão sérica de cálcio em camundongos fêmeas ovariectomizadas / Effect of physical training on the bone tissue and the calcium serum concentration in ovariectomized mice

OBJETIVO: Investigar as possíveis alteracões morfométricas no tecido ósseo e na concentracão sérica de cálcio em camundongos ovariectomizadas submetidas ao treinamento físico. MÉTODOS: Cinqüenta camundongos fêmeas, com 90 dias de idade, distribuídos em 5 grupos (n=10): controle (C), pseudo-operado sedentário (POS), pseudo-operado treinado (POT), ovariectomizado sedentário (OVS) e ovariectomizado treinado (OVT). Os grupos OVS e OVT foram submetidos a ovariectomia, e os grupos POS e POT a uma pseudo-cirurgia. Trinta dias após a cirurgia, os grupos POT e OVT foram submetidos ao exercício físico, durante 05 semanas em esteira elétrica a uma velocidade de 20 m/min. Os demais animais permaneceram sedentários no mesmo período. Após esse período os animais foram sacrificados, coletando o sangue para realizacão de dosagens séricas de cálcio e os fêmures direitos para estudo histomorfométrico. RESULTADOS: A concentracão sérica de cálcio no grupo OVT apresentou-se mais baixa do que nos demais grupos (p<0,05). A massa dos fêmures mostrou-se superior em relacão ao grupo controle, nos grupos POT e OVT (p<0,05). A densidade média de osteócitos foi mais alta no grupo OVS (p<0,05). O valor médio da área dos osteócitos mostrou diferenca apenas entre os grupos POS e OVS (p<0,05). Não houve diferencas no comprimento ósseo nem no perímetro dos osteócitos. CONCLUSAO: O exercício, em parte, preveniu as alteracões do tecido ósseo decorrentes da ovariectomia e possibilitou um aumento da formacão óssea.

Quantificação de capilares no tecido muscular esquelético em animais com insuficiência arterial periférica induzida submetidos a treinamento de endurance / Quantitative research into the skeletal muscle tissue of rats in endurance training inducing neovascularization in the ischemic skeletal muscle

OBJETIVO: Analisar quantitativamente o tecido muscular esquelético de ratos com insuficiência arterial periférica induzida após treinamento de endurance. MÉTODOS: Os animais foram preparados cirurgicamente para a oclusão total da artéria femoral direita. Após o procedimento cirúrgico os ratos foram limitados a atividades na própria gaiola (sedentários, n = 10) ou submetidos a treinamento de endurance com ciclo ergômetro de forma contínua (treinados, n = 10), que consistia em caminhada 2x/dia (manhã e tarde) a 17 m/min, por 5 minutos, 5 dias/semana por 8 e 12 semanas. Os grupos foram subdivididos com seus respectivos grupos sedentários. A análise foi realizada pela observação histológica do músculo vasto medial direito após o período de teste. RESULTADOS: No grupo de animais treinados durante 8 semanas, o número médio de capilares no tecido muscular foi maior (5,2 ± 3,834) do que no grupo sedentário (0,6 ± 0,894). No grupo de animais treinados durante 12 semanas o número médio de capilares foi maior (6,8 ± 3,033) do que no grupo sedentário (3,0 ± 2,345). O número médio de capilares entre os grupos treinados de 12 e 8 semanas também foi maior no primeiro, entretanto, não estatisticamente significante. O número médio de capilares do grupo sedentário de 12 semanas foi maior (3,0 ± 2,345) do que no grupo de 8 semanas (0,6 ± 0,894). CONCLUSAO: Em animais com insuficiência arterial periférica induzida submetidos a treinamento de endurance, há um processo de adaptação muscular com um aumento no número de capilares.

Estudo morfométrico da fossa intercondilar femoral em joelhos com e sem lesão do ligamento cruzado anterior (L.C.A. ), através da aplicação de um software sobre imagens radiográficas digitalizadas / Morphometric study of the femoral intercondylar notch of knees with and without injuries of anterior cruciate ligament (A.C.L. ), by the use of software in digitalized radiographic images

Os autores sugerem a aplicação de um software sobre imagens radiográficas digitalizadas para análise morfométrica da fossa intercondilar e dos côndilos femorais. O programa permite o tracejamento de linhas guias que facilitam a mensuração da extremidade distal do fêmur. Foram analisadas 39 radiografias simples da fossa intercondilar femoral dos joelhos direito e esquerdo, obtidas de indivíduos do sexo masculino reunidos em grupo normal (n=23) e grupo lesionado (n=16). A média de idade da amostra foi de 26,56 anos. As variáveis analisadas foram largura bicondilar femoral, larguras da fossa intercondilar ao nível do sulco poplíteo e da base da fossa, a altura da fossa intercondilar e a largura do côndilo femoral lateral. A fossa intercondilar foi classificada quanto ao formato em cônica, circular e retangular. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que a largura da base da fossa e a largura do côndilo femoral lateral seriam fatores de risco importantes na lesão do L.C.A. Os valores médios das variáveis analisadas aproximam-se dos descritos na literatura especializada em mensurações diretas em peças cadavéricas e ressonância nuclear magnética e demonstram que a aplicação de um software sobre as imagens radiográficas digitalizadas proporciona uma mensuração confiável, mesmo utilizando-se de imagens radiográficas simples e de baixo custo.

Morphometric study of menisc of the knee joint

Investigamos los aspectos morfométricos de los meniscos de la articulación de la rodilla tales como: grosor de la circunferencia externa y el ancho de los meniscos, relación área del menisco/área del platillo de la tibia y la distancia entre los cuernos posterior y anterior de cada menisco. Fueron analizados 44 meniscos de 22 rodillas de cadáveres humanos, adultos, de sexo masculino. Las variables morfométricas ancho y grosor fueron evaluadas en tres puntos distintos: tercio anterior, tercio medio y tercio posterior, y sus valores comparados entre los compartimientos medial y lateral. En el menisco medial no hubo diferencia significativa, en lo que se refiere al grosor, entre los tercios anterior, medio y posterior, mientras que en el menisco lateral, el tercio medio se mostró como sitio de mayor grosor. En cuanto al ancho, se observó que el tercio posterior del menisco medial fue estadísticamente el sitio más ancho del menisco, mientras que en el menisco lateral no hubo ninguna diferencia significativa entre los tres puntos analizados. La relación área del menisco/área del platillo de la tibia y la distancia entre los cuernos anterior y posterior fueron mayores en el compartimiento medial. Los resultados morfométricos de los meniscos demostraron relación con los datos clínicos. El menisco medial se mostró más ancho y ocupando una área de cobertura del platillo de la tibia más grande, lo que justifica la mayor incidencia de lesiones que afectan ese menisco. De la misma manera, los valores de medición en su tercio medio, confirman la mayor frecuencia de rupturas en esa región.