Facile hydrothermal synthesis of MXene@antimony nanoneedle composites for toxic pollutants removal.

A new 2D transition metal carbides family noted that MXene with antimony (Sb) nano-needles composites have demonstrated potential applications for photocatalytic dye degradations applications. Single-step synthesis of novel structures two/one-dimensional MXene@antimony nanoneedle (MX@Sb-H) nanocomposite-based photocatalysts is produced employing hydrothermal technique. The preparations and characterizations were compared with hand mixture preparations of pure TiO2@Sb and MXene (MX@Sb-M). The crystallographic structure was identified employing X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies and main sharp XRD peaks were observed with diffraction angle with orientations planes for all three samples TiO2@Sb, MX@Sb-M and MX@Sb-H. The micro-Raman spectroscopy explored key vibration modes centered at 151.72 and 637.52 cm-1 corresponding to Ti and Sb hybrid composites respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum of functional group peaks at 609.16 and 868.80 cm-1 revealed Ti-OH/Sb-O-C stretching. The morphological investigations of horizontal growth for "Sb" nanoneedle on MXene nanosheets were explored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The degradation efficiency was calculated. The efficiency calculated were 27%, 38%, 68% and 82% for MB solution, TiO2@Sb added MB, MX-Sb-M added MB and MX-Sb-H added MB solution and the efficiency were 32%, 38%, 50% and 65% for pure RhB solution, TiO2@Sb added RhB, MX-Sb-M added RhB and MX-Sb-H added RhB solution. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2@Sb, MX@Sb-M and MX@Sb-H was examined. Among these MX@Sb-H nanocomposite was demonstrated the high photocatalytic action in expressions of rate stability of photocatalytic dye degradations.

Facile single-step synthesis of MXene@CNTs hybrid nanocomposite by CVD method to remove hazardous pollutants.

In the present work, facile preparation of MXenes based nanocomposite (MXene-CNTs) through catalytic chemical vapor deposition (cCVD) was demonstrated. The novel design of two and one-dimensional (2D/1D) MXene-CNTs composites for an extraordinary photocatalytic process for removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) using efficient photocatalytic dye degradations was compared to the performance of pure MXene. The surface morphological behavior of MAX, MXene and MXene-CNTs rational design of surface microstructure CNTs anchored on 2D materials MXene nanosheets product was characterized employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As-prepared direct growth CNTs by employing CVD method were in the size ranges of 40-90 nm as revealed from SEM images. The crystallographic structures of etching and delaminations of MAX and MXene-CNTs were observed for CNTs diffracted peaks at 2θ = 25.11° in support of (002) plan. The major C-O and (CC) stretching were confirmed. Prepared MXene and MXene-CNTs samples photocatalytic performance was investigated through photocatalytic Rhodamine B (RhB) dye degradation. MXene-based CNTs hybrid nanocomposites photocatalysts activity were estimated. The as-prepared pure MXene-RhB and MXene-CNTs-RhB materials calculated efficiency were 60 % and 75 %, respectively. The CVD preparations of new MXene-CNTs synthesis yield high and explored good successive cycles for hazardous pollutants.

Characterization of activated biomass carbon from tea leaf for supercapacitor applications.

In this study, a facile synthesis of chemical and thermal activation of biomass tea-waste materials was explored. A tea-waste biosource carbon was explored by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method at 700 °C. The KOH-treated carbon (AC-KH) and H3PO4-treated carbon (AC-HP) were systematically studied for morphological characteristics and showed good morphological structures and a few transparent focused layered nanosheets. The elemental analysis done by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the presence of activated carbon. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed carbon-containing functional groups. The electrochemical analysis showed cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves for electric double layer capacitance (EDLC) with 3 M KOH electrolyte. The Nyquist plot obtained using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed charge transfer resistance value (Rct) of 6.08 Ω. The electrochemical galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) study was conducted to obtain the specific capacitance (Scp) values of AC-KH, which were found to be 131.95 F/g at 0.5 A/g and also AC-HP active material was observed 55.76 F/g at 1 A/g. The AC-KH showed superior electrochemical performance when compared to AC-HP material. Hence, AC-KH is a promising active material for high-energy supercapacitor applications.

Efficient photocatalytic degradation of hazardous pollutants by homemade kitchen blender novel technique via 2D-material of few-layer MXene nanosheets.

To attain elevated class MXene (Ti3C2Tx) through a homemade kitchen blender method, high shear mechanical exfoliation is highly required for the efficient delimitations of MXene nanosheets from bulk MAX (Ti3AlC2). We examine large-scale industrial productions of the MXene nanosheets, where combing the predicted 2D materials using a blender is a first-time novel approach with the delaminating solvent as a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). And also manually created layered MXene systems (handmade) delaminating MXene sheets (MX-H) was furthermore employed for environmental dye-degradations applications. The materials characterizations was done for both the bulk MAX, MX-H and the MX-B. Additionally, the surface morphological studies like scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were investigated for both MX-H and MX-B as-prepared samples. SEM images indicated the high shear blander technique formations highly expanded/delaminated MXene (Ti3C2Tx) nanosheets compared to MX-H samples. FTIR technique is employed to identify -OH, C-H, C-O stretching vibrations for both materials. Raman spectroscopy analysis of MX-H and MX-B revealed 484.80 cm-1 Raman shift assigned to E1g phonon mode of (Ti, C, O). The ultraviolet UV visible absorption spectra explored pure and catalyst added Methylene Blue (MB) dye stock solution using annular type photoreactor with visible light source of 300 W. The comparatives of MAX, MX-H and MX-B samples was investigated as photocatalytic activity, The blender made (MX-B) sample revealed 98% of efficiency.

Cleaner production of tamarind fruit shell into bio-mass derived porous 3D-activated carbon nanosheets by CVD technique for supercapacitor applications.

This paper reported the successful preparation and characterization of bio-activated carbon nanosheets (ACNSs) synthesized from tamarind (tamarind indicia) fruits shells (TFSs) by employing Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) tubular furnace. The preparation of pure ACNSs and also potassium hydroxide (KOH) activated carbon nanosheets (K-ACNSs) were made through a pyrolysis process with Argon (Ar) gas as an inert gas at 800 °C for 2h 30min, followed by further purifications of K-ACNSs. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of ACNSs and K-ACNSs explored with and without pores respectively. The SEM micrographs also explored 3D-porous microstructure sheets with thickness around 18-65 nm. Raman spectroscopy explored crystallinity, SP2 order and graphitization at 1577-1589 cm-1. The major functional groups were also observed. The photoluminescence (PL) was analyzed for K-ACNSs materials and revealed carbon emission broad peak value at 521.3 nm. As prepared ACNSs and K-ACNSs active materials was applied for three-electrode materials of energy storage supercapacitor analysis of cyclic voltammeter for -0.4 - 0.15 V at scan rates of 10-100 mV/s. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed with low Rct values of K-ACNSs as 0.65Ω when compared to pure ACNSs as 5.03Ω. Mainly, the galvanostatic charge-discharge test carried out in ACNSs and KCNSs materials was corresponded to 77 and 245.03 F/g respectively, with respect to 1 A/g current density. Finally, we promise that this reported novel tamarind bio-waste into conductive porous carbon nanosheets could develop future energy storage applications of biomass-derived carbons.