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1.
J Insect Sci ; 23(6)2023 Nov 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38055943

RESUMEN

Managed populations of honey bees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus; Hymenoptera: Apidae) are regularly exposed to infectious diseases. Good hive management including the occasional application of antibiotics can help mitigate infectious outbreaks, but new beekeeping tools and techniques that bolster immunity and help control disease transmission are welcome. In this review, we focus on the applications of beneficial microbes for disease management as well as to support hive health and sustainability within the apicultural industry. We draw attention to the latest advances in probiotic approaches as well as the integration of fermented foods (such as water kefir) with disease-fighting properties that might ultimately be delivered to hives as an alternative or partial antidote to antibiotics. There is substantial evidence from in vitro laboratory studies that suggest beneficial microbes could be an effective method for improving disease resistance in honey bees. However, colony level evidence is lacking and there is urgent need for further validation via controlled field trials experimentally designed to test defined microbial compositions against specific diseases of interest.


Asunto(s)
Apicultura , Abejas , Fermentación , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Probióticos , Animales , Antibacterianos/inmunología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Apicultura/métodos , Abejas/efectos de los fármacos , Abejas/inmunología , Abejas/microbiología , Fermentación/inmunología , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/inmunología , Probióticos/farmacología , Probióticos/uso terapéutico
2.
J Pediatr ; 228: 87-93.e2, 2021 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32771480

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To determine factors associated with parents who plan to vaccinate their children against influenza next year, especially those who did not vaccinate against influenza last year using a global survey. STUDY DESIGN: A survey of caregivers accompanying their children aged 1-19 years old in 17 pediatric emergency departments in 6 countries at the peak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Anonymous online survey included caregiver and child demographic information, vaccination history and future intentions, and concern about the child and caregiver having COVID-19 at the time of emergency department visit. RESULTS: Of 2422 surveys, 1314 (54.2%) caregivers stated they plan to vaccinate their child against influenza next year, an increase of 15.8% from the previous year. Of 1459 caregivers who did not vaccinate their children last year, 418 (28.6%) plan to do so next year. Factors predicting willingness to change and vaccinate included child's up-to-date vaccination status (aOR 2.03, 95% CI 1.29-3.32, P = .003); caregivers' influenza vaccine history (aOR 3.26, 95% CI 2.41-4.40, P < .010), and level of concern their child had COVID-19 (aOR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.17, P = .022). CONCLUSIONS: Changes in risk perception due to COVID-19, and previous vaccination, may serve to influence decision-making among caregivers regarding influenza vaccination in the coming season. To promote influenza vaccination among children, public health programs can leverage this information.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19/epidemiología , Vacunas contra la Influenza/uso terapéutico , Gripe Humana/prevención & control , Vacunación , Adolescente , Cuidadores , Niño , Preescolar , Toma de Decisiones , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Femenino , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Programas de Inmunización , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Cooperación Internacional , Masculino , Padres , Salud Pública , Riesgo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto Joven
3.
Proc Biol Sci ; 271 Suppl 5: S321-3, 2004 Aug 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15504006

RESUMEN

Population sex ratios in monogamous birds are often male biased. One factor that can affect population sex ratios is sex-biased predation. However, most estimates of sex-biased predation in birds have focused on species with obvious sexual colour dimorphism or body size dimorphism. Data on sexually monomorphic birds are generally lacking. In the present study, we adopt a PCR-based sexing procedure to help test for sex-biased predation in a wintering population of western sandpipers (Calidris mauri), a shorebird that shows only subtle sexual size dimorphism. Specifically, by comparing the a priori determined sex ratio of live birds wintering at a site in western Mexico to the molecular estimate obtained from depredated birds at this same site, we were able to perform a population-specific test for sex bias in predator-induced mortality. The proportion of females estimated from living (ca. 25%) versus dead (ca. 24%) individuals was in fact not significantly different, indicating that the strong male bias in this population is not due to differential predation. However, molecular sexing of prey remains is a hitherto unexploited test of sex-biased predation in birds, and is potentially applicable to any species for which prey remains can be gathered. We discuss our results in the context of alternate ecological hypotheses for population sex biases.


Asunto(s)
Charadriiformes/fisiología , Análisis para Determinación del Sexo/métodos , Razón de Masculinidad , Animales , Cartilla de ADN , Electroforesis en Gel de Agar , Cadena Alimentaria , México , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos
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