Multilevel chitosan-gelatin particles loaded with P4HA1 siRNA suppress glioma development.

It has been reported that prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 1 (P4HA1) promoted tumor growth and metastasis of glioma; thus, targeting P4HA1 may be a promising therapeutic strategy against glioma. In consideration of the instability of siRNA in vivo, the chitosan-gelatin microspheres loaded with P4HA1 siRNA (P4HA1 siRNA@CGM) were employed. Firstly, the gel electrophoresis and hemolytic test were performed to assess the stability and blood compatibility of P4HA1 siRNA@CGM. Then, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), cell colony formation, Transwell assay, wound healing assay, gliosphere formation, tube formation, and Western blot were performed to assess the effects of P4HA1 siRNA@CGM on the biological functions of glioma. Finally, 125I-labeled P4HA1 siRNA@CGM was injected into the xenograft mice, radionuclide imaging was recorded, Ki67 and terminal deoxynucleoitidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was performed to assess the effects of P4HA1 siRNA@CGM on tumor growth and apoptosis of glioma in vivo. The results showed that P4HA1 siRNA and P4HA1 siRNA@CGM not only markedly inhibited the proliferation, metastasis, gliosphere formation, and the protein levels of interstitial markers (N-cadherin and vimentin) and the transcription factors of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (Snail, Slug, and Twist1) in glioma cells, but also inhibited the tube formation in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs), and P4HA1 siRNA@CGM exhibited the better inhibitory effects than P4HA1 siRNA. Above results suggested the feasibility of P4HA1 siRNA@CGM in the clinical treatment of glioma.

A Meaningful Strategy for Glioma Diagnosis via Independent Determination of hsa_circ_0004214.

Glioma is one of the most common primary tumors in the central nervous system. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) may serve as novel biomarkers of various cancers. The purpose of this study is to reveal the diagnostic value of hsa_circ_0004214 for glioma and to predict its molecular interaction network. The expression of hsa_circ_0004214 was evaluated by RT-qPCR. The vector and siRNAs changed the expression of hsa_circ_0004214 to judge its influence on the migration degree of glioma cells. hsa_circ_0004214 can be stably expressed at a high level in high-grade glioma tissue (WHO III/IV). The area under the ROC curve of hsa_circ_0000745 in glioma tissue was 0.88, suggesting good diagnostic value. While used to distinguish high-grade glioma, AUC value can be increased to 0.931. The multi-factor correlation analysis found that the expression of hsa_circ_0004214 was correlated with GFAP (+) and Ki67 (+) in immunohistochemistry. In addition, the migration capacity of U87 was enhanced by overexpression of hsa_circ_0004214. Through miRNA microarray analysis and database screening, we finally identified 4 miRNAs and 9 RBPs that were most likely to interact with hsa_circ_0004214 and regulate the biological functions of glioma. Hsa_circ_0004 214 plays an important role in glioma, its expression level is a promising diagnostic marker for this malignancy.

IoT Smart Agriculture and Agricultural Product Income Insurance Participant Behavior Based on Fuzzy Neural Network.

With the continuous development of modern science, more and more attention is paid to the application of science and technology for agricultural production. First of all, this article analyzes the development trend of modern agriculture, and designs the system through an overall plan of four parts: automatic acquisition, terminal control, network transmission, and cloud platform and terminal application. Taking automatic irrigation system and temperature automatic control system as examples, design an automatic control algorithm based on fuzzy neural network, and obtain the best control strategy through fuzzy inference and neural network training. Then, this paper studies the reliability of "price setting" in agricultural income insurance. This article takes the main crops of a certain province as an example to verify and analyze the risks of farmers' income levels from the viewpoint of corn yield risks and price risks, and advocate the necessity and feasibility of agricultural income insurance. Finally, from the perspective of different participants, this article analyzes the impact of insurance premium subsidies on the enthusiasm of agricultural producers to participate in insurance, the impact of insurance companies on the improvement of insurance operation efficiency in the planting industry, and the stability of the government's promotion of agricultural production. It also influences to design a set of IoT automatic control system for intelligent agriculture. The system realizes the acquisition and remote control of agricultural data by establishing an Internet of Things cloud platform, and uses automatic control algorithms based on fuzzy neural networks to realize automatic water-saving irrigation, automatic temperature control, and other functions. Based on this research, the main actions of joining agricultural income insurance and the participation model based on the perspective of tripartite participants.

Downregulation of microRNA-185 expression in diabetic patients increases the expression of NOS2 and results in vascular injury.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the regulatory effect and mechanism of microRNA (miR)-185 in diabetic angiopathy. The expression of miR-185 and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) in the blood from diabetic patients was examined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After establishment of diabetic rats, the expression of miR-185 and NOS2 in vascular tissues and blood was also measured. Then, miR-185 was overexpressed in HMEC-1 cells and the expression of NOS2 was determined. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the direct interaction between miR-185 and NOS2 mRNA. The expression of NOS2 was upregulated and the expression of miR-185 was downregulated in the blood from patients with diabetes. Vascular tissues and blood of diabetic rats showed similar trends compared with that of human. HMEC-1 cells with overexpression of miR-185 had decreased expression of NOS2. Dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated the direct binding between miR-185 and NOS2. The present study demonstrates that upregulation of NOS2 in diabetic patients is associated with the downregulation of miR-185, which participates in the progression of diabetes possibly through regulating NOS2 expression.

Effect of Multiple Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Lipid Degradation and Lipid Oxidation of Grass Carp Surimi Containing Different Amounts of Pork Back Fat.

Fresh grass carp was used to produce surimi samples that were supplemented with 50 g/kg, 100 g/kg, or 150 g/kg pork back fat. The lipid composition, lipase activity, lipid oxidation index, and lipoxygenase activity of samples subjected to repeated freeze-thaw process were determined to assess the effects of the added fat on lipolysis and lipid oxidation of grass carp surimi. Freeze-thaw treatment increased free fatty acid content, mainly due to the decomposition of phospholipids and some neutral lipids by lipase. With repeated freeze-thaw treatment, the levels of free fatty acids and phospholipids were correlated with the lipid oxidation indexes and lipoxygenase activity, indicating that lipid degradation can promote lipid oxidation. In the same freeze-thaw cycle, surimi products with high fat content are more vulnerable to oxidative damage, neutral lipids are the main source of free fatty acids in the early stage of freeze-thaw, and phospholipids are the main source of free fatty acids in the late stage.

Optimization of Structure and Electrical Characteristics for Four-Layer Vertically-Stacked Horizontal Gate-All-Around Si Nanosheets Devices.

In this paper, the optimizations of vertically-stacked horizontal gate-all-around (GAA) Si nanosheet (NS) transistors on bulk Si substrate are systemically investigated. The release process of NS channels was firstly optimized to achieve uniform device structures. An over 100:1 selective wet-etch ratio of GeSi to Si layer was achieved for GeSi/Si stacks samples with different GeSi thickness (5 nm, 10 nm, and 20 nm) or annealing temperatures (≤900 °C). Furthermore, the influence of ground-plane (GP) doping in Si sub-fin region to improve electrical characteristics of devices was carefully investigated by experiment and simulations. The subthreshold characteristics of n-type devices were greatly improved with the increase of GP doping doses. However, the p-type devices initially were improved and then deteriorated with the increase of GP doping doses, and they demonstrated the best electrical characteristics with the GP doping concentrations of about 1 × 1018 cm-3, which was also confirmed by technical computer aided design (TCAD) simulation results. Finally, 4 stacked GAA Si NS channels with 6 nm in thickness and 30 nm in width were firstly fabricated on bulk substrate, and the performance of the stacked GAA Si NS devices achieved a larger ION/IOFF ratio (3.15 × 105) and smaller values of Subthreshold swings (SSs) (71.2 (N)/78.7 (P) mV/dec) and drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBLs) (9 (N)/22 (P) mV/V) by the optimization of suppression of parasitic channels and device's structure.

Role of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling in heart and liver-related complications in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

AIMS: To analyze expression of members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)4/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway in the heart and liver in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our overall goal was to understand the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. METHODS: We measured fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin (FINS) in a rat model of T2DM. Expression of members of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway as well as downstream cytokines was investigated. Levels of mRNA and protein were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. Protein content of tissue homogenates was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS: Diabetic rats had lower body weights, higher FBG, higher FINS, and higher intraperitoneal glucose tolerance than normal rats. In addition, biochemical indicators related to heart and liver function were elevated in diabetic rats compared with normal rats. TLR4 and MyD88 were involved in the occurrence of T2DM as well as T2DM-related heart and liver complications. TLR4 caused T2DM-related heart and liver complications through activation of NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS: TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling induces production of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, leading to the heart- and liver-related complications of T2DM.

[Primary Study on Predicting the Termination of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Based on a Novel RdR RR Intervals Scatter Plot].

Predicting the termination of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) may provide a signal to decide whether there is a need to intervene the AF timely. We proposed a novel RdR RR intervals scatter plot in our study. The abscissa of the RdR scatter plot was set to RR intervals and the ordinate was set as the difference between successive RR intervals. The RdR scatter plot includes information of RR intervals and difference between successive RR intervals, which captures more heart rate variability (HRV) information. By RdR scatter plot analysis of one minute RR intervals for 50 segments with non-terminating AF and immediately terminating AF, it was found that the points in RdR scatter plot of non-terminating AF were more decentralized than the ones of immediately terminating AF. By dividing the RdR scatter plot into uniform grids and counting the number of non-empty grids, non-terminating AF and immediately terminating AF segments were differentiated. By utilizing 49 RR intervals, for 20 segments of learning set, 17 segments were correctly detected, and for 30 segments of test set, 20 segments were detected. While utilizing 66 RR intervals, for 18 segments of learning set, 16 segments were correctly detected, and for 28 segments of test set, 20 segments were detected. The results demonstrated that during the last one minute before the termination of paroxysmal AF, the variance of the RR intervals and the difference of the neighboring two RR intervals became smaller. The termination of paroxysmal AF could be successfully predicted by utilizing the RdR scatter plot, while the predicting accuracy should be further improved.

[Heart rate variability study based on a novel RdR RR Intervals Scatter Plot].

On the basis of Poincare scatter plot and first order difference scatter plot, a novel heart rate variability (HRV) analysis method based on scatter plots of RR intervals and first order difference of RR intervals (namely, RdR) was proposed. The abscissa of the RdR scatter plot, the x-axis, is RR intervals and the ordinate, y-axis, is the difference between successive RR intervals. The RdR scatter plot includes the information of RR intervals and the difference between successive RR intervals, which captures more HRV information. By RdR scatter plot analysis of some records of MIT-BIH arrhythmias database, we found that the scatter plot of uncoupled premature ventricular contraction (PVC), coupled ventricular bigeminy and ventricular trigeminy PVC had specific graphic characteristics. The RdR scatter plot method has higher detecting performance than the Poincare scatter plot method, and simpler and more intuitive than the first order difference method.