N-linked glycoproteins and host proteases are involved in swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus entry.

IMPORTANCE: Gaining insight into the cell-entry mechanisms of swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is critical for investigating potential cross-species infections. Here, we demonstrated that pretreatment of host cells with tunicamycin decreased SADS-CoV attachment efficiency, indicating that N-linked glycosylation of host cells was involved in SADS-CoV entry. Common N-linked sugars Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac did not interact with the SADS-CoV S1 protein, suggesting that these molecules were not involved in SADS-CoV entry. Additionally, various host proteases participated in SADS-CoV entry into diverse cells with different efficiencies. Our findings suggested that SADS-CoV may exploit multiple pathways to enter cells, providing insights into intervention strategies targeting the cell entry of this virus.

Dissecting the multi-omics atlas of the exosomes released by human lung adenocarcinoma stem-like cells.

Lung adenocarcinoma is heterogeneous and hierarchically organized, with a subpopulation of stem-like cells (CSCs) that reside at the apex of the hierarchy, in which exosomes act as important mediators by transporting specific molecules among different cell populations. Although there have been numerous studies on tumor exosomes, the constituents and functional properties of CSC-derived exosomes are still poorly characterized. Here we present a detail transcriptome and proteome atlas of the exosomes released by human lung adenocarcinoma stem-like cells (LSLCs). The transcriptome analysis indicates the specific patterns of exosomal constituents, including the fragmentation of transcripts and the low-level presence of circular RNAs, and identifies multiple exosomal-enriched mRNAs and lncRNAs. Integrative analysis of transcriptome and proteome data reveals the diverse functions of exosomal-enriched RNAs and proteins, many of which are associated with tumorigenesis. Importantly, several LSLC markers we identified are highly expressed in LSLC-derived exosomes and associate with poor survival, which may serve as promising liquid biopsy biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma diagnosis. Our study provides a resource for the future elucidation of the functions of tumor-derived exosomes and their regulatory mechanisms in mediating lung cancer development.

Relationship of actual laminoplasty opening size and increment of the cross-sectional area based on single-door cervical laminoplasy.

BACKGROUND: Amounts of clinic research have been performed to investigate the increment of cross-sectional area in single-door cervical laminoplasty (SDCL). However, no one has taken the effects of surgery drill into consideration. METHODS: A mathematical model was built to investigate the relation of actual laminoplasty opening size (LOS), the transverse canal diameter (TCD), and the increment of cross-sectional area in SDCL). The model was based on geometric analysis on deformation of spinal canal; the relation was derived and characterized as: (Equation is included in full-text article.), where a is the TCD, b the actual LOS, c the size of mini-plate, and d is diameter of the surgery drill bit. In the equation, the related variables would be measured to estimate the increment of cross-sectional area before the surgery. In the current research, 25 patients authorized to use their CT scans of C3∼C7 as the subject samples. RESULTS: The effects of surgery SDCL were very significant; for each patient, the cross-sectional area was enlarged dramatically after the surgery (P < .01). On the contrary, the difference between the cross-sectional area obtained by the equation and that measured by software was statistically negligible (P > .05), which confirmed the reliability of the modeling equation. CONCLUSIONS: Before the SDCL, increment of the cross-sectional area can be estimated by the above-mentioned modeling equation with a high-level reliability. This method ensures the optimum selection of mini-plate before operation for each patient.