Primary Pulmonary Echinococcosis in the United States: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

We depict a unique case of a 34-year-old woman who presents to the emergency department with complaints of dyspnea and chest pain for the past month. A chest x-ray (CXR) from an earlier urgent care visit was concerning for large fluid opacity in the left lung and follow-up imaging revealed a cystic mass suspicious of a pulmonary cystic abscess. The patient underwent complete lobectomy and resection. Post-surgical biopsy confirmed pulmonary hydatid cystic mass and signs of rupture or seeding to liver tissue. The patient was discharged with adjuvant therapy and recommended imaging follow-up for the next decade. The diagnosis, treatment, and maintenance guidelines are discussed in this report which reveals controversy between experts given the lack of complete literature regarding echinococcosis. Our purpose in putting forward this case is to present a rare diagnosis of pulmonary echinococcosis in the United States and to emphasize the importance of early imaging and diagnosis to prevent cystic rupture and secondary organ dissemination.

A Case Report of Primary Melanoma of the Urethra.

We illustrate a notable case of an 83-year-old male who presents to a community hospital with abdominal pain and hematuria. A few days after admission, an ulcerated lesion was found to be visible toward the ventral aspect of the penis, as well as bright red blood at the urethral meatus. An excisional biopsy of the urethral meatus, mid-urethra, and urethral tissue was done, and immunohistochemistry helped support the diagnosis of primary melanoma of the urethra. The pathophysiology and guidelines for treatment are discussed. Our purpose in putting forward this case is to present a rare diagnosis of primary melanoma of the male urethra and to emphasize the importance of early recognition to reduce the occurrence of invasive malignancy.

The vanishing nasal septum sign: a case of severe fungal sinusitis.

Acute invasive fungal sinusitis (AIFS) is a fungal infection of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses with associated invasion of adjacent vessels and soft/hard tissues. It usually occurs in immunocompromised patients and may follow a rapid course of less than four weeks with high mortality rate. We report a 39-year-old male with relapse of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) who was under evaluation for neutropenic fever. On his sinus CT, there was loss of calcification of his nasal septum when compared to a prior head CT, a sign indicative of an aggressive infectious process. He was diagnosed with AIFS and underwent emergent surgical debridement and systemic antifungal therapy, leading to a positive outcome. The sign described on CT ("Vanishing Nasal Septum" sign) may provide an additional, reliable tool to prospectively identify locally aggressive cases of invasive fungal infections of the nasal cavity at an earlier stage and improve patient outcomes.

A Case of Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor of the Pancreas.

We report a rare case of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm in a 24-year-old woman, who presented with progressively worsening left epigastric and right lower quadrant abdominal pain for several weeks. A CT scan showed a mass in the tail of the pancreas that extended to the hilum of the spleen. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) and immunohistochemical analysis exhibited findings pathognomonic for solid pseudopapillary neoplasm. The patient underwent distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. Post-surgical biopsy confirmed the FNA findings, with the tumor confined to the pancreas and no extension to nearby structures. The patient did not require any other adjuvant therapy. She was asymptomatic at the one-month follow-up and showed no signs of disease. We discuss the unique circumstances of this case and highlight the importance of differentiating this tumor from other pancreatic neoplasms.