Vitamin D May Play a Vital Role in Alleviating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Modulating the Ferroptosis Signaling Pathway.

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent death mode mediated by the aggregation of lipid peroxides and lipid-reactive oxygen species. It is characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxide accumulation accompanied by oxidoreductase deficiency. Pancreatic beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are two major causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Iron accumulation and metabolism may play a role in the development of T2DM. The molecular mechanism of ß cell apoptosis and iron death in T2DM were reviewed. In addition, we discuss recent insights on the relationship between the trace element iron and apoptosis of ß cells in T2DM.

[Ultrasonic diagnosis of isolated noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium in adults].

OBJECTIVE: To apply echocardiography in diagnosis of isolated noncompaction of ventricular myocardium (INVM) in adults. METHODS: Six patients with INVM underwent echocardiographic examination using HP5500 ultrasound system with the frequency of 2 approximately equals 4 MHz, and the observation was focused on ventricularmyocardium and endocardium at one-third of the apex. RESULTS: All 6 patients showed typical echocardiographic images characterized by an altered structure of the ventricular myocardium with extremely thickened, hypokinetic segments consisting of two layers: a thin, compacted epicardium and an extremely thickened endocardium, resulting in an extremely thickened ventricular wall. CONCLUSION: Echocardiography should be the first choice to be applied in diagnosis of INVM, which is a distinct entity of specific cardiomyopathy in adults.