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Background: Studies based on observations have indicated potential associations between chronic gastrointestinal diseases and an increased risk of erectile dysfunction (ED). However, the causality of these connections remains ambiguous. Methods: Summary data for chronic gastrointestinal diseases were extracted from public data. Summary data on ED were extracted from three distinct sources. The genetic correlations between chronic gastrointestinal diseases and ED were explored using linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC). The causal associations between chronic gastrointestinal diseases and ED were evaluated using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, followed by a meta-analysis to determine the ultimate causal effect. Results: The LDSC results suggested significant genetic correlations between Crohn's disease (CD) and ED. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and liver cirrhosis (LC) were found to have potential genetic correlations with ED. The combined multiple MR results indicate that IBD and CD have significant causal relationships with ED, while colorectal cancer (CRC) may have a potential causal effect on ED. Conclusion: This research provided evidence supporting a causal association between IBD, CD, CRC, and ED. The impact of chronic gastrointestinal diseases on ED warrants greater attention in clinical practice.
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The increasing prevalence of diabetic reproductive complications has prompted the development of innovative animal models. The use of the silkworm Bombyx mori as a model for diabetic reproductive damage shows potential as a valuable research tool. This study employed silkworms as a novel model to investigate diabetic reproductive damage. The silkworms were fed a high-glucose diet containing 10% glucose to induce a diabetic model. Subsequently, the study concentrated on assessing the influence of diabetes on the reproductive system of male silkworms. The results indicate that diabetes resulted in reduced luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) levels, as well as elevated triglyceride (TG) levels in male silkworms. Moreover, diabetes mellitus was associated with pathological testicular damage in male silkworms, accompanied by decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, along with increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the testis. Additionally, diabetes mellitus reduced the expression of siwi1 and siwi2 genes in the testis of male silkworms. Overall, these results support using silkworms as a valuable model for studying diabetic reproductive damage.
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OBJECTIVE: Improved understanding of metabolic obesity phenotypes holds great promise for personalized strategies to combat obesity and its co-morbidities. Such investigation is however lacking in Tibetans with unique living environments and lifestyle in the highlands. Effects of altitude on heterogeneous metabolic obesity phenotypes remain unexplored. METHODS: We defined metabolic obesity phenotypes i.e., metabolically healthy/unhealthy and obesity/normal weight in Tibetans (n = 1204) living at 2800 m in the suburb or over 4000 m in pastoral areas. 129 lipoprotein parameters and 25 low-molecular-weight metabolites were quantified and their associations with each phenotype were assessed using logistic regression models adjusting for potential confounders. The metabolic BMI (mBMI) was generated using a machine learning strategy and its relationship with prevalence of obesity co-morbidities and dietary exposures were investigated. RESULTS: Ultrahigh altitude positively associated with the metabolically healthy and non-obese phenotype and had a tendency towards a negative association with metabolically unhealthy phenotype. Phenotype-specific associations were found for 107 metabolites (e.g., lipoprotein subclasses, N-acetyl-glycoproteins, amino acids, fatty acids and lactate, p < 0.05), among which 55 were manipulated by altitude. The mBMI showed consistent yet more pronounced associations with cardiometabolic outcomes than BMI. The ORs for diabetes, prediabetes and hypertriglyceridemia were reduced in individuals residing at ultrahigh altitude compared to those residing at high altitude. The mBMI mediated the negative association between pastoral diet and prevalence of prediabetes, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We found metabolite markers representing distinct obesity phenotypes associated with obesity co-morbidities and the modification effect of altitude, deciphering mechanisms underlying protective effect of ultrahigh altitude and the pastoral diet on metabolic health.
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Altitud , Dieta , Obesidad , Fenotipo , Humanos , Obesidad/epidemiología , Tibet , Masculino , Femenino , Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Metabólicas/epidemiología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
Lignanamides are a class of compounds containing amide functional groups in lignans. These compounds have excellent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective, which have shown great potential in terms of food additives, medicine and health supplement. We summarized the recent progress of lignanamides, including chemical constituents, extraction methods, biological activities, and synthetic pathways. The structures were classified according to an updated nomenclature system, can be classified into sixteen types and have certain roles in many respects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidative, which may be important source of materials for functional food. The potential and limitations of different extraction method, chromatographic packing, and synthetic pathway are analyzed. Notably, this review provides an overview of synthesis pathways and applications of lignanamides, further research is needed to improve extraction efficiency and synthesis method, especially in a greener way for better application.
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The development of anti-tumor drugs has notably enhanced the survival rates and quality of life for patients with malignant tumors. However, the side effects of these drugs, especially cardiotoxicity, significantly limit their clinical application. The cardiotoxicity associated with anti-tumor drugs has been a subject of extensive attention and research. Traditional to mitigate these side effects have included reducing drug dosages, shortening treatment duration, modifying administration methods, and opting for drugs with lower toxicity. However, either approach may potentially compromise the anti-tumor efficacy of the medications. Therefore, exploring other effective methods for anti-cardiotoxicity will be the focus of future research. The potential of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in managing cardiovascular diseases and cancer treatment has gained widespread recognition. TCM is valued for its minimal side effects, affordability, and accessibility, offering promising avenues in the prevention and treatment of cardiotoxicity caused by anti-tumor drugs. Among its constituents, flavonoids, which are present in many TCMs, are particularly notable. These monomeric compounds with distinct structural components have been shown to possess both cardiovascular protective properties and anti-tumor capabilities. In this discussion, we will delve into the classification of anti-tumor drugs and explore the underlying mechanisms of their associated cardiotoxicity. Additionally, we will examine flavonoids found in TCM and investigate their mechanisms of cardiovascular protection. This will include an analysis of how these natural compounds can mitigate the cardiac side effects of anti-tumor therapies while potentially enhancing overall patient health and treatment outcomes.
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Styrax japonicus is a medicinal and ornamental shrub belonging to the Styracaceae family. To explore the diversity and characteristics of the chloroplast genome of S. japonicus, we conducted sequencing and comparison of the chloroplast genomes of four naturally distributed S. japonicus. The results demonstrated that the four chloroplast genomes (157,914-157,962 bp) exhibited a typical quadripartite structure consisting of a large single copy (LSC) region, a small single copy (SSC) region, and a pair of reverse repeats (IRa and IRb), and the structure was highly conserved. DNA polymorphism analysis revealed that three coding genes (infA, psbK, and rpl33) and five intergene regions (petA-psbJ, trnC-petN, trnD-trnY, trnE-trnT, and trnY-trnE) were identified as mutation hotspots. These genetic fragments have the potential to be utilized as DNA barcodes for future identification purposes. When comparing the boundary genes, a small contraction was observed in the IR region of four S. japonicus. Selection pressure analysis indicated positive selection for ycf1 and ndhD. These findings collectively suggest the adaptive evolution of S. japonicus. The phylogenetic structure revealed conflicting relationships among several S. japonicus, indicating divergent evolutionary paths within this species. Our study concludes by uncovering the genetic traits of the chloroplast genome in the differentiation of S. japonicus variety, offering fresh perspectives on the evolutionary lineage of this species.
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Evolución Molecular , Genoma del Cloroplasto , Filogenia , Cloroplastos/genética , Acanthaceae/genética , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMEN
Recycling and reuse of agricultural plastics is an urgent worldwide issue. In this work, it is shown that low-density polyethylene (PE) typically used in mulch films can be converted into high-capacity P and N adsorbents through a two-step method that uses hydrothermal pretreatment (180 °C, 24 h) followed by pyrolysis at 500 °C with Ca(OH)2 additive. CaPE@HC500 materials prepared with the proposed two-step method were found to have high adsorption capacities for phosphate (263.6 mg/g) and nitrogen (200.7 mg/g) over wide ranges of pH (3-11). Dynamic adsorption of phosphate by CaPE@HC500 material in a packed-bed had a half-time breakthrough of 210 min indicating the feasibility of continuous systems. Material stability, cost, environmental-friendliness, and recyclability of the CaPE@HC500 material were determined to be superior to literature-proposed Ca-containing adsorbents. The two-step method for converting waste agricultural plastic mulch films into adsorbents is robust and highly-applicable to industrial settings.
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Agricultura , Plásticos , Polietileno , Pirólisis , Reciclaje , Reciclaje/métodos , Plásticos/química , Adsorción , Agricultura/métodos , Polietileno/química , Nitrógeno/química , Nitrógeno/análisis , Fosfatos/química , TemperaturaRESUMEN
A series of Cu-doped activated cokes (CuO/ACs) were synthesized via an impregnation method and applied for the removal of elemental mercury (Hg0). Structure-activity relationships between Hg0 removal and CuO/AC surface characteristics were identified. Hg0 removal over CuO/AC occurs through a combination of physisorption and chemisorption and is mainly dominated by chemisorption. It was found that 1 nm micropores facilitate Hg0 physisorption. Hg0 could weakly adsorb onto an O-terminated crystal layer, whereas strongly adsorb onto Cu-terminated single highly dispersed, clustered and bulk CuO (110) crystal planes via the Mars-Maessen mechanism. Product distributions and mechanisms of Hg0 adsorption and oxidation over the CuO/AC catalyst under multi-component flue gases are also discussed. O2 enhances both physisorption and chemisorption toward Hg0 by 38%. Inhibition of Hg0 removal by SO2 originates from the competitive adsorption and deactivation of CuO cation vacancies, whereas the impact is weakened by O2 through generating 20% of physically adsorbed mercury product species. NO and O2 promote Hg0 chemisorption efficiency by 93% to form Hg(NO3)2. HOCl and/or Cl2 produced by HCl can oxidize 100% of Hg0 to HgCl2, and the catalytic oxidation efficiency is approximately 29%, but O2 slightly lowers the Hg0 catalytic oxidation efficiency by 8%. The affinity ability between various flue gases and Hg0 follows the order O2 < NO < HCl.
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Cyanobacterial blooms (CBs) present significant challenges to Chinese mitten crab (CMC) culture, posing hazards to the aquatic microbial ecology. However, the current focus on the microbial ecological changes within the CMC culture system under the influence of CBs is somewhat insufficient. There's an urgent need to analyze the microbial ecosystem of the CMC culture system under CBs. This study employed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to investigate the dynamics of the environmental microbial community in both the rice-crab co-culture (RC) and crab monoculture (CM) models. The results revealed that cyanobacteria reached high levels in the CM water in July, while they began to increase in the RC water in August. Notably, OTU147 (uncultured bacterium g_Planktothrix NIVA-CYA 15), identified as the dominant taxon associated with CBs, showed a significant linear relationship with TP, NO2 --N, and the N:P ratio. TP, TN, NO2 --N, and CODMn had a more pronounced impact on the structure of bacterial communities and cyanobacterial taxa in the water. The bacterial community structure involved in carbon metabolism displayed temporal succession in the water. The co-occurrence network of the bacterial community primarily consisted of Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, and Firnicutes in the sediment, and Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidota in the water. In contrast, the co-occurrence network included different peripheral species in the sediment and water. Keystone species were predominantly represented by OTU22 (uncultured actinobacterium g_ hgcI clade) and OTU12 (uncultured Opitutae bacterium g_ norank) in the RC water, and by OTU25 (uncultured bacterium g_ Limnohabitans) in the CM water. TP, TN, NO2 --N, and CODMn were identified as the primary environmental factors influencing these keystone taxa within the culture water. In conclusion, this study on the microbial ecology of the CMC culture system under the influence of CBs provides valuable insights that can be instrumental in subsequent management efforts.
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The effects of high-resistant starch (RS) content rice flour, psyllium husk powder (PHP), and psyllium powder (PP) on the edible quality and starch digestibility of rice noodles were investigated in this study. High-RS rice noodles showed lower digestibility but poor edible quality. With the addition of PHP and PP, high-RS rice noodles' cooking and texture quality were improved significantly, especially the breakage rates, cooking losses, and chewiness (P < 0.05). Compared to traditional white rice noodle's estimated glycemic index (eGI) of 86.69, the eGI values for 5PHP-RN and 5PHP-2PP-RN were significantly decreased to 66.74 and 65.77, achieving a medium GI status (P < 0.05). This resulted from the high amylose and lipid content in the modified rice flour and psyllium, leading to increase of starch crystallinity. Besides, based on the analysis of Pearson's correlation, it can be found that PHP rich in insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) could improve high-RS noodle cooking and texture quality better, while PP rich in soluble dietary fiber (SDF) can further reduce the RDS content and its starch digestibility. Therefore, utilizing modified rice flour with an appropriate addition of PHP and PP can be considered an effective strategy for producing superior-quality lower glycemic index rice noodles.
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Fibras de la Dieta , Harina , Oryza , Psyllium , Almidón , Oryza/química , Psyllium/química , Harina/análisis , Almidón/química , Fibras de la Dieta/análisis , Índice Glucémico , Culinaria/métodos , Amilosa/análisis , Amilosa/química , Almidón Resistente/análisisRESUMEN
Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths, and colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis is a major poor prognostic factor in CRC. NAT1 (N-acetyltransferase 1) plays a crucial role in the invasive and metastatic processes of colorectal cancer. The role and molecular mechanism of NAT1 on tumor cells were verified by establishing a cell model of overexpression and knockdown of NAT1, and further verified by establishing a liver metastasis model of colorectal cancer for animal experiments. In vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that overexpression of NAT1 reduces the ability of metastasis and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. NAT1 overexpression inhibits the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby suppressing the EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) process and glycolytic ability of tumor cells. Additionally, decreased glycolytic ability results in reduced VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor) expression in colorectal cancer cells. The decreased VEGF expression leads to decreased angiogenesis and vascular permeability in liver metastases, ultimately reducing the occurrence of liver metastasis. Our findings highlight that overexpression of NAT1 significantly inhibits the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby suppressing EMT, glycolytic ability, and VEGF expression in colorectal cancer cells, collectively preventing the development of liver metastasis.
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Arilamina N-Acetiltransferasa , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Glucólisis , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Transducción de Señal , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundario , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Animales , Arilamina N-Acetiltransferasa/genética , Arilamina N-Acetiltransferasa/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ratones , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Isoenzimas/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/genética , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismo , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Ratones DesnudosRESUMEN
Chemical constituents from the ethanol extract of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora were isolated and purified by column chromatography. Their structures were identified by HR-MS, 1D and 2D-NMR, and their cytotoxicity was assessed by CCK-8 assay. Four compounds were isolated and identified as follows: 2ß-D-glucosyloxy-3ß,16α,20ß-trihydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosterol-5,25-diene-22-one(1), 2ß-D-glucosyloxy-3ß,16α,20ß-trihydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5,24-diene-22-one(2), 25-acetoxy-2ß-glucosyloxy-3ß,16α,20ß-trihydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5-ene-22-one(3) and 25-acetoxy-2ß-glucosyloxy-3ß,16α,20ß-trihydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5,23-(E)-diene-22-one(4). Compound 1 represents a new cucurbitane glycoside. The half inhibitory concentrations of the 4 compounds exceeded 100 µmol·L~(-1) against four tumor cell lines, indicating no significant cytotoxicity.
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Glicósidos , Picrorhiza , Glicósidos/química , Glicósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Picrorhiza/química , Estructura Molecular , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , TriterpenosRESUMEN
Inflammatory pain results from the heightened sensitivity and reduced threshold of nociceptor sensory neurons due to exposure to inflammatory mediators. However, the cellular and transcriptional diversity of immune cell and sensory neuron types makes it challenging to decipher the immune mechanisms underlying pain. Here we used single-cell transcriptomics to determine the immune gene signatures associated with pain development in three skin inflammatory pain models in mice: zymosan injection, skin incision and ultraviolet burn. We found that macrophage and neutrophil recruitment closely mirrored the kinetics of pain development and identified cell-type-specific transcriptional programs associated with pain and its resolution. Using a comprehensive list of potential interactions mediated by receptors, ligands, ion channels and metabolites to generate injury-specific neuroimmune interactomes, we also uncovered that thrombospondin-1 upregulated by immune cells upon injury inhibited nociceptor sensitization. This study lays the groundwork for identifying the neuroimmune axes that modulate pain in diverse disease contexts.
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Nociceptores , Dolor , Animales , Ratones , Dolor/inmunología , Dolor/metabolismo , Nociceptores/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Inflamación/inmunología , Masculino , Macrófagos/inmunología , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Trombospondina 1/metabolismo , Trombospondina 1/genética , Piel/inmunología , Piel/metabolismo , Piel/patología , Zimosan , Análisis de la Célula Individual , Neuroinmunomodulación , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Neutrófilos/inmunología , Neutrófilos/metabolismoRESUMEN
The demand for clean energy sources has driven focus towards advanced electrochemical systems. However, the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) constrain the energy conversion efficiency of relevant devices. Herein, a one-step method is reported to grow oxygen vacancies (Vo) rich NiFeAg layered double hydroxides nanoclusters on carbon cloth (Vo-NiFeAg-LDH/CC) for serving as the self-supporting electrode to catalyze OER. The OER performance of Vo-NiFeAg-LDH/CC has been remarkably enhanced through Ag and Vo co-modification compared with pristine NiFe-LDH, achieving a low Tafel slope of 49.7 mV dec-1 in 1 m KOH solution. Additionally, the current density of Vo-NiFeAg-LDH/CC is 3.23 times higher than that of the state-of-art IrO2 at 2 V under an alkaline flow electrolyzer setup. Theoretical calculations and experimental results collectively demonstrate that Ag dopant and Vo strengthen the O* adsorption with active sites, further promoting the deprotonation step from OH* to O* and accelerating the catalytic reaction. In a word, this work clarifies the structural correlation and synergistic mechanism of Ag dopant and Vo, providing valuable insights for the rational design of catalyst for renewable energy applications.
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In this study, five C18 fatty acids (FA) with different numbers of double bonds and configurations including stearic acid (SA), oleic acid (OA), elaidic acid (EA), linoleic acid (LA), and α-linolenic acid (ALA), were selected to prepare highland barely starch (HBS)-FA complexes to modulate digestibility and elaborate the underlying mechanism. The results showed that HBS-SA had the highest complex index (34.18 %), relative crystallinity (17.62 %) and single helix content (25.78 %). Furthermore, the HBS-C18 FA complexes were formed by EA (C18 FA with monounsaturated bonds) that had the highest R1047/1022 (1.0509) and lowest full width at half-maximum (FWHM, 20.85), suggesting good short-range ordered structure. Moreover, all C18 FAs could form two kinds of V-type complexes with HBS, which can be confirmed by the results of CLSM and DSC measurements, and all of them showed significantly lower digestibility. HBS-EA possessed the highest resistant starch content (20.17 %), while HBS-SA had the highest slowly digestible starch content (26.61 %). In addition, the inhibition of HBS retrogradation by fatty acid addition was further proven, where HBS-SA gel firmness (37.80 g) and aging enthalpy value were the lowest, indicating the most effective. Overall, compounding with fatty acids, especially SA, could be used as a novel way to make functional foods based on HBS.
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Digestión , Ácidos Grasos , Hordeum , Ácido Oléico , Almidón , Almidón/química , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Ácidos Grasos/química , Hordeum/química , Ácido Oléico/química , Ácidos Esteáricos/química , Ácido Linoleico/química , Ácido alfa-Linolénico/química , Ácidos OléicosRESUMEN
Objectives.The purpose of this study is to investigate the age dependence of bilateral frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) coupling characteristics, and find potential age-independent depth of anesthesia monitoring indicators for the elderlies.Approach.We recorded bilateral forehead EEG data from 41 patients (ranged in 19-82 years old), and separated into three age groups: 18-40 years (n= 12); 40-65 years (n= 14), >65 years (n= 15). All these patients underwent desflurane maintained general anesthesia (GA). We analyzed the age-related EEG spectra, phase amplitude coupling (PAC), coherence and phase lag index (PLI) of EEG data in the states of awake, GA, and recovery.Main results.The frontal alpha power shows age dependence in the state of GA maintained by desflurane. Modulation index in slow oscillation-alpha and delta-alpha bands showed age dependence and state dependence in varying degrees, the PAC pattern also became less pronounced with increasing age. In the awake state, the coherence in delta, theta and alpha frequency bands were all significantly higher in the >65 years age group than in the 18-40 years age group (p< 0.05 for three frequency bands). The coherence in alpha-band was significantly enhanced in all age groups in GA (p< 0.01) and then decreased in recovery state. Notably, the PLI in the alpha band was able to significantly distinguish the three states of awake, GA and recovery (p< 0.01) and the results of PLI in delta and theta frequency bands had similar changes to those of coherence.Significance.We found the EEG coupling and synchronization between bilateral forehead are age-dependent. The PAC, coherence and PLI portray this age-dependence. The PLI and coherence based on bilateral frontal EEG functional connectivity measures and PAC based on frontal single-channel are closely associated with anesthesia-induced unconsciousness.
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Desflurano , Electroencefalografía , Humanos , Desflurano/farmacología , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Electroencefalografía/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto Joven , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Adolescente , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Envejecimiento/efectos de los fármacos , Lóbulo Frontal/efectos de los fármacos , Lóbulo Frontal/fisiología , Isoflurano/análogos & derivados , Isoflurano/farmacología , Anestésicos por Inhalación/farmacología , Anestesia GeneralRESUMEN
To enhance the storage time of cucumbers, this research investigated the impact of chitosan (CS) and hyperbranched poly-L-lysine (HBPL) on the quality and nutritional attributes of cucumbers when stored at a temperature of 25 °C. The results demonstrated that sensory evaluation scores for cucumbers treated with a CS-HBPL combination were significantly higher than the control (CK), CS, and HBPL groups. On the 18th day of storage, cucumbers in the CK group exhibited significant decay and softening; however, there was a decrease in hardness observed in the CS-HBPL group and no decay or noticeable sour taste was detected. Furthermore, compared to the CK group, treatment with CS-HBPL effectively delayed cucumber decay and weight loss rate while significantly inhibiting decreases in cucumber hardness and growth of surface microorganisms. Additionally, it substantially reduced losses of soluble protein content as well as vitamin C (Vc), reducing sugars, and total phenolic compounds within cucumbers, which were 4.7 mg/g, 4.7 mg/g, 0.94 mg/g, and 0.52 mg/kg, respectively. Moreover, compared to the CK group, combined treatment with CS-HBPL significantly inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and reducing relative electrolyte permeability within cucumbers, which were 1.45 µmol·g-1FW and 29.82%. Furthermore, it notably enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), while exerting a significant inhibitory effect on polyphenol oxidase (PPO). In summary, the combined CS-HBPL treatment successfully prolonged cucumber shelf life at room temperature, enabling new possibilities for extending cucumber shelf life.
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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) plays a crucial role in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, influencing apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation. It connection to the insulin (INS) signaling cascade and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been established. Rubus irritans Focke, an indispensable herb in Chinese Tibetan medicine for diabetes mellitus treatment, lacks a comprehensive understanding of its effects and pharmacological mechanisms in T2DM. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to elucidate the effects of Rubus irritans Focke extract (Rife) on a T2DM rat model, exploring its impact on glycemic and lipid metabolism, histopathological changes, and its potential targeting of the extracellular regulated protein kinase/insulin receptor substrate-1 (ERK/IRS-1) signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A T2DM rat model was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection (40 mg/kg) in high-fat diet-fed (HFD) male Wistar rats. Rife and metformin (Met) were administered for 4 weeks, and glycemic, lipid metabolism indices, and histopathological changes were assessed. Protein expression of ERK, IRS-1 in rat liver tissues was examined to evaluate the impact on the ERK/IRS-1 pathway. RESULTS: Rife reducing hepatic ERK and IRS-1 protein expression in T2DM rats. Untargeted metabolomics identified 13 potential biomarkers and 4 differential metabolic pathways related to glycolipid metabolism disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Rife demonstrated improved glycolipid metabolism in T2DM rats by inhibiting the ERK/IRS-1 related signaling pathway and influencing multiple metabolic pathways. This study provides valuable insights into the potential therapeutic mechanisms of Rife in the context of T2DM.
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Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Glucolípidos , Hipoglucemiantes , Proteínas Sustrato del Receptor de Insulina , Extractos Vegetales , Ratas Wistar , Animales , Masculino , Proteínas Sustrato del Receptor de Insulina/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Glucolípidos/farmacología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Ratas , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Quinasas MAP Reguladas por Señal Extracelular/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , EstreptozocinaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The causes for delays during the COVID19 pandemic and their impact on head and neck cancer (HNC) diagnosis and staging are not well described. METHODS: Two cohorts were defined a priori for review and analysis-a Pre-Pandemic cohort (June 1 to December 31, 2019) and a Pandemic cohort (June 1 to December 31, 2020). Delays were categorized as COVID-19 related or not, and as clinician, patient, or policy related. RESULTS: A total of 638 HNC patients were identified including 327 in the Pre-Pandemic Cohort and 311 in the Pandemic Cohort. Patients in the Pandemic cohort had more N2-N3 category (41% vs. 33%, p = 0.03), T3-T4 category (63% vs. 50%, p = 0.002), and stage III-IV (71% vs. 58%, p < 0.001) disease. Several intervals in the diagnosis to treatment pathway were significantly longer in the pandemic cohort as compared to the Pre-Pandemic cohort. Among the pandemic cohort, 146 (47%) experienced a delay, with 112 related to the COVID-19 pandemic; 80 (71%) were clinician related, 15 (13%) were patient related, and 17 (15%) were policy related. CONCLUSIONS: Patients in the Pandemic cohort had higher stage disease at diagnosis and longer intervals along the diagnostic pathway, with COVID-19 related clinician factors being the most common cause of delay.
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COVID-19 , Diagnóstico Tardío , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/epidemiología , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/terapia , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Diagnóstico Tardío/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Pandemias , Tiempo de Tratamiento/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios de Cohortes , Estudios Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
The symmetrically double-armed salamo type fluorescent sensor BMS, incorporating benzimidazole units, was designed and synthesized. Showcasing remarkable specificity and responsiveness to MnO4- within a DMSO:H2O (V/V = 9:1, pH = 7.2) Tris-HCl buffer medium, it enabled dual-channel detection of MnO4- through fluorescent and colorimetric changes. Critical experimental parameters, including detection and quantification thresholds (LOD and LOQ) along with binding affinity constants (Ka), were calculated using the Origin software. A rational interaction mechanism between BMS and MnO4- was deduced, based on fluorescence titration, Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS), Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), Stern-Volmer plots, and Density Functional Theory (DFT) computations. Additionally, the sensor BMS was applied to monitor MnO4- in real water samples. Advancing its practical utility, BMS was fabricated into test strips for the selective detecting of MnO4-.