RESUMEN
Two varieties of opium poppy were grown under irrigation for one season and their capsules analysed for morphine content by gas chromatography. Harvest of the capsules at 29-33 days after flowering (mature seed) gave 6.70 kg/ha morphine as compared to 5.36 kg/ha morphine in capsules harvested at 4-6 days after flowering. With constant row spacing (30 cm between double rows on ridges 102 cm apart), a plant spacing of 6 cm gave 20 per cent more morphine than either 12- or 18-cm spacing. There was no statistical difference in morphine content between a blue- and a white-seeded variety.
Asunto(s)
Morfina/análisis , Papaver/análisis , Plantas Medicinales , Arizona , California , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb) hay from a source known to cause "fescue foot" in grazing cattle was extracted with 80% ethanol. The ethanolic extract was further refined and fractionated into cation,nion, and neutral f fractions by ion-exchange chromatography. The cation fraction was partitioned with alkaline-chloroform to give chloroform-extractable cation and residual cation fractions. All fractions plus the crude ethanolic extract were assayed for toxic activity by intraperitoneal injection into 12 calves (weighting 152.4 to 241.3 kg each) over a 14-day period. Clinical signs of fescue foot were observed on the 5th day in calves given the anion and crude ethanolic extracts. Lameness, swelling, and reddening of the rear coronary bands, discoloration of the tip of the tail, and other signs of fescue foot were seen. Microscopically, coronary bands and tail tips of affected calves had blood vessels with thick walls and small lumens.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/etiología , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Intoxicación por Plantas/veterinaria , Animales , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/patología , Femenino , Pezuñas y Garras/patología , Técnicas In Vitro , Riñón/patología , Hígado/patología , Intoxicación por Plantas/etiología , Intoxicación por Plantas/patología , Cola (estructura animal)/patologíaAsunto(s)
Butanoles/biosíntesis , Glicósido Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/aislamiento & purificación , Semillas/metabolismo , Sulfuros/biosíntesis , Sulfato de Amonio , Antitiroideos/metabolismo , Cromatografía en Gel , Ditiotreitol/farmacología , Estabilidad de Medicamentos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Glucosa/metabolismo , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Hierro/farmacología , Cinética , Nitrilos/biosíntesis , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Semillas/enzimología , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Sulfatos/metabolismo , Tioglicósidos/metabolismo , UltracentrifugaciónAsunto(s)
Glicósido Hidrolasas/aislamiento & purificación , Plantas/enzimología , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Cloromercuribenzoatos/farmacología , Cromatografía en Gel , Glicósido Hidrolasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Glicósido Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Hierro/farmacología , Cinética , Peso Molecular , Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Solubilidad , Tioglicósidos , UltrasonidoAsunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/etiología , Furanos/envenenamiento , Fusarium , Lactonas/envenenamiento , Micotoxinas/envenenamiento , Administración Oral , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Temperatura Corporal , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/patología , Femenino , Furanos/administración & dosificación , Lactonas/administración & dosificación , Micotoxinas/administración & dosificación , Cola (estructura animal)/patologíaRESUMEN
Several aspects of fescue foot in cattle suggest that this disease is caused by fungi growing on fescue grass. Certain fungi isolated from winter pasture yield toxins when grown on synthetic medium. Most of these toxin producers belong to the genus Fusarium. All but 1 of the 21 toxic and 7 questionably toxic Fusarium isolates produce either 4-acetamido-4-hydroxy-2-butenoic acid gamma-lactone, or 4beta, 15-diacetoxy-8alpha-(3-methylbutyryloxy)-12, 13-epoxytrichothec-9-en-3alpha-ol, or both.
