Prevalencia de dolor y su abordaje terapéutico en niños pasibles de cuidados paliativos asistidos en un centro de referencia de Uruguay / Prevalence of pain and its therapeutic approach in children eligible for assisted palliative care in a reference hospital center in Uruguay / Prevalência de dor e sua abordagem terapêutica em crianças submetidas a cuidados paliativos atendidas em um centro hospitalar de referência no Uruguai

Introducción: el tratamiento del dolor es un derecho humano y constituye un pilar de los cuidados paliativos (CP). Este síntoma en niños suele ser subestimado e insuficientemente tratado. Objetivo: conocer la prevalencia del dolor y describir el perfil de uso de fármacos analgésicos, coadyuvantes y procedimientos invasivos en niños asistidos en la Unidad de Cuidados Paliativos Pediátricos del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (UCPP-CHPR) durante el período 2019-2021. Metodología: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo mediante revisión de historias clínicas. Resultados: se incluyeron 317 niños, 58% de sexo masculino, con una mediana de edad 6,9 años. Eran portadores de enfermedades neurológicas severas no evolutivas 64%, utilizaban prótesis o tecnología médica 51%. Se encontró registro de presencia de dolor en 35%, de tipo crónico 87%, mixto 55% y de fuentes múltiples 54%. Se detectó uso de escala para evaluación del dolor en 61%, la más utilizada fue r-FLACC. En el grupo de niños con dolor se encontró prescripción de analgésicos en 43% (48/111) y de coadyuvantes 87% (97/111), gabapentina en 78. En todos la vía de administración fue la oral/enteral. Se encontró uso off label de fármacos en 79% y polifarmacia en 82%. Se registraron efectos adversos en 10%. Conclusión: un tercio de los niños asistidos por la UCPP-CHPR, presentaba registros de presencia dolor. La mayoría de tipo crónico, mixto y de fuentes múltiples. Se encontró amplio uso de escalas validadas para evaluación del dolor y alta prescripción de coadyuvantes en relación a la de analgésicos.

Introduction: pain treatment is a human right and a pillar of palliative care (PC). This symptom in children is often underestimated and insufficiently treated. Objective: learn about the prevalence of pain and describe the analgesic drugs' usage profile, adjuvants and invasive procedures in children assisted in the Pediatric Palliative Care Unit of the Pereira Rossell Hospital Center (UCPP-CHPR) during the period 2019-2021. Methodology: observational, descriptive and retrospective study based on the review of medical records. Results: 317 children were included, 58% male, with a median age of 6.9 years. 64% were carriers of severe non-progressive neurological diseases, 51% used prosthetics or medical technology. A record of the presence of pain was found in 35%, chronic type 87%, mixed 55% and multiple sources 54%. The use of a pain assessment scale was detected in 61%, the most used was r-FLACC. In the group of children with pain, analgesics were prescribed in 43% (48/111) and adjuvants in 87% (97/111), gabapentin in 78. In all of them, the administration route was oral/enteral. Off-label use of drugs was found in 79% and polypharmacy in 82%. Adverse effects were recorded in 10%. Conclusion: a third of the children assisted by the UCPP-CHPR showed records of pain presence. Most chronic type, mixed and multiple sources. We found a vast use of validated scales for pain assessment and high prescription of adjuvants in relation to analgesics.

Introdução: o tratamento da dor é um direito humano e constitui um pilar dos Cuidados Paliativos (CP). Este sintoma em crianças é geralmente subestimado e insuficientemente tratado. Objetivo: conhecer a prevalência da dor e descrever o perfil do uso de medicamentos analgésicos, adjuvantes e procedimentos invasivos em crianças atendidas na Unidade de Cuidados Paliativos Pediátricos do Centro Hospitalar Pereira Rossell (UCPP-CHPR) durante o período de 2019-2021. Metodologia: foi realizado um estudo observacional, descritivo e retrospectivo por meio de revisão de prontuários. Resultados: foram incluídas 317 crianças, 58% do sexo masculino, com idade mediana de 6,9 anos. 64% eram portadores de doenças neurológicas graves não evolutivas, 51% usavam próteses ou tecnologia médica. Registro da presença de dor foi encontrado em 35%, do tipo crônica 87%, mista 55% e de origem múltipla 54%. A utilização de escala para avaliação da dor foi detectada em 61%, sendo a mais utilizada a r-FLACC. No grupo de crianças com dor, a prescrição de analgésicos foi encontrada em 43% (48/111) e adjuvantes em 87% (97/111), gabapentina em 78. Ao todo, a via de administração foi oral/enteral. Uso off-label de medicamentos foi encontrado em 79% e polifarmácia em 82%. Efeitos adversos foram registrados em 10%. Conclusão: um terço das crianças atendidas pela UCPP-CHPR apresentou registro da presença de dor. A maioria do tipo crônica, mista e de fontes múltiplas. Encontrou-se ampla utilização de escalas validadas para avaliação da dor e elevada prescrição de coadjuvantes em relação aos analgésicos.

Quando o Trabalho Invade a Casa: Percepções sobre o Teletrabalho / Cuando el Trabajo Invade el Hogar: Percepciones sobre el Teletrabajo / When Work Invades Home: Perceptions about Teleworking

O cenário da pandemia de COVID-19 no mundo trouxe inúmeras mudanças, entre elas, no Brasil, a opção de grande parte das organizações pelo teletrabalho, até então, não muito recorrente no país. Este artigo aborda a situação de quando, compulsoriamente, o trabalho invade a casa e relata a análise das percepções e das vivências de trabalhadores em teletrabalho compulsório, durante o período da pandemia de COVID-19, identificando fatores favoráveis e desfavoráveis à Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT). Fundamentada na Ergonomia da Atividade Aplicada à Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho ­ EAA_QVT, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa com doze trabalhadores de diferentes organizações e cargos, dos setores público e privado, levantando suas percepções e vivências acerca do teletrabalho, de acordo com seis categorias teóricas investigadas pela EAA_QVT. Os resultados revelaram um equilíbrio: três categorias com predominância de bem-estar (Relações socioprofissionais, Reconhecimento e crescimento profissional e Uso da informática) e outras três categorias com predominância de mal-estar (Condições de trabalho, organização do trabalho e Sentimentos no trabalho), indicando focos para possíveis intervenções e cuidados no caso da manutenção desta modalidade de trabalho. Foram discutidas questões importantes como a indistinção entre os espaços públicos e privados, as características da atual sociedade do desempenho/cansaço e suas possíveis repercussões para os trabalhadores, sua saúde e as organizações.

The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought on many changes in Brazil, one of them being the option of most organizations for teleworking, which up until that time had not been a com-mon occurrence in the country. This article discusses the compulsory work-from-home scenario and ana-lyzes the perceptions and experiences of workers obliged to work from home during the COVID-19 pandem-ic, identifying favorable and unfavorable factors for Quality of Work Life (QWL). We conducted qualitative research based on Activity-Centered Ergonomics Applied to Quality of Life at Work (ACE-QLW) for 12 work-ers with varying positions in different public and private sector organizations. We analyzed their perceptions and experiences about working from home based on six categories examined by ACE-QLW. The results re-vealed a balance: three of the categories largely concerning well-being (socio-professional relationships, recognition and professional growth, and use of computers) and three other categories largely concerning malaise (working conditions, work organization, and opinions of work), indicating possible focal points for interventions and care in maintaining this type of work. Important issues were discussed, such as the lack of distinction between public and private spaces, current performance/fatigue characteristics, and the pos-sible repercussions this can have on workers, their health, and organizations

El escenario de la pandemia de la COVID-19 en el mundo trajo incontables cambios, entre ellos, en Brasil, la opción de la mayoría de las organizaciones por el teletrabajo, hasta entonces, poco recurrente en el país. Este artículo aborda la situación cuando, obligatoriamente, el trabajo invade el hogar y relata el análisis de las percepciones y experiencias de los trabajadores en domicilio obligatorio, durante el período de la pandemia del COVID-19, identificando factores favorables y desfavorables para la Calidad de Vida. Trabajo (QWL). Con base en la Ergonomía de la Actividad Aplicada a la Calidad de Vida en el Trabajo - EAA_QVT, se realizó una investigación cualitativa con doce trabajadores de diferentes organizaciones y cargos, del sector público y privado, elevando sus percepciones y experiencias sobre el teletrabajo, según teorías de seis categorías investigadas por EAA_QVT. Los resultados revelaron equilibrio: tres categorías con predominio del bienestar (Relaciones socioprofesionales, Reconocimiento y crecimiento profesional y Uso de la computadora) y otras tres categorías con predominio del malestar (Condiciones de trabajo, organización del trabajo y Sentimientos en trabajo), indicando focos de posibles intervenciones y cuidados en el caso de mantener este tipo de trabajo. Se discutieron temas importantes, como la falta de distinción entre espacios públicos y privados, las características de la actual sociedad del rendimiento/fatiga y sus posibles repercusiones para los trabajadores, su salud y las organizaciones.

[Adverse effects of new breast cancer therapies : when to react ?] / Effets indésirables des nouvelles thérapies du cancer du sein : quand faut-il réagir ?

In last years, the therapeutic arsenal against breast cancer increased considerably with the arrival of signaling pathway inhibitors, immunotherapy, PARP inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates. Consequently, the range of potential adverse events has also widened and differs from the usual chemotherapies and endocrine therapies. Depending on the administered therapy, the same symptoms can be harmless and treated symptomatically or the warning sign of a potential serious complication requiring a rapid action. We therefore discuss in this article the therapeutic role and some typical adverse events of these new therapies.

Ces dernières années, l'arsenal thérapeutique contre le cancer du sein s'est passablement enrichi avec les inhibiteurs des voies de signalisation, l'immunothérapie, les inhibiteurs de PARP (polyADP-ribose polymérase), les inhibiteurs de tyrosine kinase et les chimiothérapies immunoconjuguées. De ce fait, la gamme d'effets indésirables potentiels s'est également élargie et diffère des habituelles chimiothérapies et hormonothérapies. En fonction de la substance administrée, les mêmes symptômes peuvent être anodins et traités symptomatiquement, ou alors être le signe d'alerte d'une potentielle complication sévère et nécessiter une réaction rapide. Nous discutons dans cet article du rôle thérapeutique et des quelques effets indésirables typiques de ces nouvelles thérapies.

A paraguayan toad Rhinella schneideri preparation based on Mbya tradition increases mitochondrial bioenergetics with migrastatic effects dependent on AMPK in breast cancer cells.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: In Paraguay, healers from the Mbya culture treat cancer with a recipe prepared with the native toad Rhinella schneideri. However, the chemical composition and biological effects of the recipe remain unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim is to determine the composition of the traditional preparation made using the toad R. schneideri and to evaluate its effect on human breast cancer (BC) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The metabolites contained in the preparation were concentrated using XAD-7 resin, and the concentrate was analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. The effect of the preparation was assessed in normal (MCF10F) and BC cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF7). The mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and cell cycle progression were determined by flow cytometry. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was measured by Clark electrode, and fibronectin-dependent migration in normoxia and hypoxia-like conditions were evaluated by transwell assay. RESULTS: From the Amberlite-retained extract from the preparation, 24 compounds were identified, including alkaloids, amino acids, bufadienolides, and flavonoids, among others. The crude extract (CE) did not affect cell cycle progression and viability of BC cell lines. Moreover, it did not make cancer cells more sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of the chemotherapeutics doxorubicin and teniposide. On the other hand, the CE reduced the menadione-induced ROS production and increased NADH, Δψm, and the OCR. Respiratory complexes I and III as well as ATP synthase levels were increased in an AMPK-dependent manner. Moreover, the CE inhibited the migration of BC cells in normoxia and a hypoxia-like condition using CoCl2 as a HIF1α-stabilizing agent. This latter effect involved an AMPK-dependent reduction of HIF1α levels. CONCLUSIONS: The Paraguayan toad recipe contains metabolites from the toad ingredient, including alkaloids and bufadienolide derivatives. The CE lacks cytotoxic effects alone or in combination with chemotherapeutics. However, it increases mitochondrial bioenergetics and inhibits the cancer cell migration in an AMPK-dependent manner in BC cells. This is the first report of the in vitro anticancer effect of a traditional Rhinella sp. toad preparation based on Mbya tradition.

Functional, immunological characterization, and anticancer activity of BaMtx: A new Lys49- PLA2 homologue isolated from the venom of Peruvian Bothrops atrox snake (Serpentes: Viperidae).

Bothorps atrox is responsible for most of the ophidism cases in Perú. As part of the envenoming, myotoxicity is one of the most recurrent and destructive effects. In this study, a myotoxin, named BaMtx, was purified from B. atrox venom to elucidate its biological, immunological, and molecular characteristics. BaMtx was purified using CM-Sephadex-C-25 ion-exchange resin and SDS-PAGE analysis showed a unique protein band of 13 kDa or 24 kDa under reducing or non-reducing conditions, respectively. cDNA sequence codified a 122-aa mature protein with high homology with other Lys49-PLA2s; modeled structure showed a N-terminal helix, a ß-wing region, and a C-terminal random coil. This protein has a poor phospholipase A2 enzymatic activity. BaMtx has myotoxic (DMM = 12.30 ± 0.95 µg) and edema-forming (DEM = 26.00 ± 1.15 µg) activities. Rabbit immunization with purified enzyme produced anti-BaMtx antibodies that reduced 50.28 ± 10.15% of myotoxic activity and showed significant cross-reactivity against B. brazili and B pictus venoms. On the other hand, BaMtx exhibits mild anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects on breast cancer cells, affecting the ROS and NADH levels, which may reduce mitochondrial respiration. These results contribute to the understanding of B. atrox Lys49-PLA2 effects and establish the anticancer potential de BaMtx.

Extracellular Matrix Signals as Drivers of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Metabolic Plasticity of Cancer Cells During Metastasis.

The role of metabolism in tumor growth and chemoresistance has received considerable attention, however, the contribution of mitochondrial bioenergetics in migration, invasion, and metastasis is recently being understood. Migrating cancer cells adapt their energy needs to fluctuating changes in the microenvironment, exhibiting high metabolic plasticity. This occurs due to dynamic changes in the contributions of metabolic pathways to promote localized ATP production in lamellipodia and control signaling mediated by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Recent evidence has shown that metabolic shifts toward a mitochondrial metabolism based on the reductive carboxylation, glutaminolysis, and phosphocreatine-creatine kinase pathways promote resistance to anoikis, migration, and invasion in cancer cells. The PGC1a-driven metabolic adaptations with increased electron transport chain activity and superoxide levels are essential for metastasis in several cancer models. Notably, these metabolic changes can be determined by the composition and density of the extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM stiffness, integrins, and small Rho GTPases promote mitochondrial fragmentation, mitochondrial localization in focal adhesion complexes, and metabolic plasticity, supporting enhanced migration and metastasis. Here, we discuss the role of ECM in regulating mitochondrial metabolism during migration and metastasis, highlighting the therapeutic potential of compounds affecting mitochondrial function and selectively block cancer cell migration.

FRI-1 Is an Anti-Cancer Isoquinolinequinone That Inhibits the Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Blocks Metabolic Shifts by Redox Disruption in Breast Cancer Cells.

Since breast cancer (BC) cells are dependent on mitochondrial bioenergetics for promoting proliferation, survival, and metastasis, mitochondria highlight as an important target for anticancer drug discovery. FRI-1, methyl 1, 3-dimethyl-5, 8-dioxo-5, 8-dihydro-4-isoquinolinecarboxylate, was previously described as a selective cytotoxic compound on cancer cell lines, however, details on the mechanism of action remain unknown. In this work, we describe that FRI-1 inhibits mitochondrial bioenergetics, producing apoptosis in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 BC cell lines. FRI-1 decreases the maximal oxygen consumption rate (OCR), Δψm, NADH, and ATP levels, with a notable increase of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, promoting AMPK activation with pro-survival effects. Moreover, FRI-1 inhibits the metabolic remodeling to glycolysis induced by oligomycin. In isolated tumoral mitochondria, FRI-1 increases Complex I and III-dependent OCR state 2, and this is sensitive to rotenone and antimycin A inhibitor additions, suggesting a redox cycling event. Remarkably, α-ketoglutarate and lipoic acid supplementation reversed and promoted, respectively, the FRI-1-induced apoptosis, suggesting that mitochondrial redox disruption affects 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) activity, and this is involved in their anticancer mechanism. Consistent with this, the combination of FRI-1 and CPI-613, a dual inhibitor of redox-sensible tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes PDH and OGDH, produced extensive BC cell death. Taken together, our results suggest that FRI-1 exhibits anticancer effects through inhibition of mitochondrial bioenergetics by redox disruption in BC cells.

TRP Channels Interactome as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer is one of the most frequent cancer types worldwide and the first cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Although significant therapeutic advances have been achieved with drugs such as tamoxifen and trastuzumab, breast cancer still caused 627,000 deaths in 2018. Since cancer is a multifactorial disease, it has become necessary to develop new molecular therapies that can target several relevant cellular processes at once. Ion channels are versatile regulators of several physiological- and pathophysiological-related mechanisms, including cancer-relevant processes such as tumor progression, apoptosis inhibition, proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance. Ion channels are the main regulators of cellular functions, conducting ions selectively through a pore-forming structure located in the plasma membrane, protein-protein interactions one of their main regulatory mechanisms. Among the different ion channel families, the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) family stands out in the context of breast cancer since several members have been proposed as prognostic markers in this pathology. However, only a few approaches exist to block their specific activity during tumoral progress. In this article, we describe several TRP channels that have been involved in breast cancer progress with a particular focus on their binding partners that have also been described as drivers of breast cancer progression. Here, we propose disrupting these interactions as attractive and potential new therapeutic targets for treating this neoplastic disease.

Doxorubicin Encapsulation in Carbon Nanotubes Having Haeckelite or Stone-Wales Defects as Drug Carriers: A Molecular Dynamics Approach.

Doxorubicin (DOX), a recognized anticancer drug, forms stable associations with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNTs when properly functionalized have the ability to anchor directly in cancerous tumors where the release of the drug occurs thanks to the tumor slightly acidic pH. Herein, we study the armchair and zigzag CNTs with Stone-Wales (SW) defects to rank their ability to encapsulate DOX by determining the DOX-CNT binding free energies using the MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA methods implemented in AMBER16. We investigate also the chiral CNTs with haeckelite defects. Each haeckelite defect consists of a pair of square and octagonal rings. The armchair and zigzag CNT with SW defects and chiral nanotubes with haeckelite defects predict DOX-CNT interactions that depend on the length of the nanotube, the number of present defects and nitrogen doping. Chiral nanotubes having two haeckelite defects reveal a clear dependence on the nitrogen content with DOX-CNT interaction forces decreasing in the order 0N > 4N > 8N. These results contribute to a further understanding of drug-nanotube interactions and to the design of new drug delivery systems based on CNTs.

Amphibian chytrid infections along the highest elevational gradient of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

Environmental variation along elevational gradients shapes conditions for pathogen development, which influences disease outcomes. Chytridiomycosis is a non-vectored disease caused by the aquatic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and is responsible for massive declines of amphibian populations all over the world. Several biotic and abiotic factors are known to influence Bd infection dynamics in amphibians, including temperature and host species richness. Here, we quantified Bd prevalence and load along an elevational gradient in the Caparaó National Park (CNP), Brazil, and tested for associations of Bd infections with elevation, temperature, and species richness. We hypothesized that Bd infections would increase as local species richness decreased with elevation. We detected Bd along the entire elevational gradient and found a negative association between infection load and elevation. We did not detect significant associations between infection prevalence and elevation. Our findings are consistent with other wide elevational gradient studies, but are contrary to 2 other studies performed in the Atlantic Forest. We did not find the minimum elevational range that should be sampled to detect the influence of elevation on Bd variation. Our study represents the widest elevational gradient that has been sampled in Brazil and contributes to a better understanding of Bd distribution and dynamics in natural systems.

The effect of pre-pregnancy weight and gestational weight gain on blood pressure in children at 6 years of age.

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the effect of maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) and pre-pregnancy weight on blood pressure (BP) of children 6 years after delivery. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that compared the anthropometric measurements of 181 mothers and their children's BP 6 years after delivery. The BP was measured by the auscultatory method. We used log-binomial regression to investigate the association of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and GWG categories with BP in mid-childhood. RESULTS: The prevalence of elevated BP in children was 26.5%. Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and concurrent excessive GWG were positively associated with elevated BP at 6 years of age. Mothers with pre-pregnancy overweight and excessive GWG were more likely to have children with elevated BP at 6 years of age (OR = 2.05; P = 0.018) compared to mothers who were of normal weight pre-pregnancy and experienced appropriate GWG. We also found that mothers with pre-pregnancy BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and concurrent excessive GWG were more likely to have children with elevated diastolic blood pressure (OR = 2.72; P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity had impact on BP in mid-childhood. Interventions aimed at reducing cardiovascular diseases in children should promote weight loss in women of reproductive age rather than in pregnant women.

Clinical comparison of two external anatomical references for maxillary positioning in orthognathic surgery / Comparación clínica de las referencias anatómicas externas para posicionamiento maxilar en cirugía ortognática

INTRODUCTION: The use of external reference points (ERP) like the nasal pin (NP) and eye's medial canthus (EMC) provides a stable and reproductible landmarks for maxillary repositioning. ERP are widely used, for its practicality to achieve the desired aesthetic result in orthognathic surgery (OS). OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to compare the ERPs: NP and EMC, to define which is the most accurate, and also define its limitations, in the intraoperative phase for vertical repositioning of the maxilla. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study on 26 patients who underwent OS from December 2015 to August 2018. Previous to the Le Fort I osteotomy, the vertical measurements were made. The most accurate ERP was considered to be the one that obtained the least average difference between the vertical measurement of the pre-surgical planning and that obtained in the intraoperative period. RESULTS: The planned vertical movement was an average of -1.73 mm ± 1.97 SD, with the largest maxillary impaction movement of -6 mm and the largest maxillary descent of 2 mm. The difference between planned vertical movement and obtained measurements of vertical change for NP had an average 0.05 mm ± 0.51 SD (95 % CI, -0.15 - 0.26), and the difference between planned vertical movement and obtained measurements for EMC had an average 1.23 mm ± 1.29 SD (95 % CI, 0.71 - 1.75), with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0001) between them of -1.18 mm± 1.23 (95 % CI, -1.67 - -0.68). CONCLUSIONS: The use of the NP as an ERP provides greater precision and predictability of movement in the vertical repositioning of the maxillomandibular-complex, compared to the use of EMC. Both techniques can be used as a complement, being aware of the effect of triangulation

INTRODUCCIÓN: El uso de puntos de referencia externos (ERP) como el pin nasal (NP) y el canto medial del ojo (EMC) proporciona puntos de referencia estables y reproducibles para el reposicionamiento maxilar. Los ERP son ampliamente utilizados por su practicidad para lograr el resultado estético deseado en cirugía ortognática (OS). OBJETIVOS: El propósito de este estudio es comparar los ERP (NP y EMC), para definir cuál es el más preciso, y también definir sus limitaciones, en la fase intraoperatoria para el reposicionamiento vertical del maxilar. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo en 26 pacientes que se sometieron a OS desde diciembre de 2015 hasta agosto de 2018. Antes de la osteotomía de Le Fort I, se realizaron las mediciones verticales. Se consideró el ERP más preciso el que obtuvo la menor diferencia promedio entre la medición vertical de la planificación prequirúrgica y la obtenida en el periodo intraoperatorio. RESULTADOS: El movimiento vertical planeado fue un promedio de -1,73 mm ± 1,97 SD, con el mayor movimiento de impactación maxilar de -6 mm y el mayor descenso maxilar de 2 mm. La diferencia entre el movimiento vertical planificado y las medidas obtenidas de cambio vertical para NP tuvo un promedio de 0,05 mm ± 0,51 DE (IC 95 %, -0,15 - 0,26), y la diferencia entre el movimiento vertical planificado y las medidas obtenidas para EMC tuvo un promedio de 1,23 mm ± 1,29 DE (IC 95 %, 0,71 - 1,75), con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,0001) entre ellos de -1,18 mm ± 1,23 (IC 95 %, -1,67 - -0,68). CONCLUSIONES: El uso del NP como ERP proporciona mayor precisión y previsibilidad del movimiento en el reposicionamiento vertical del complejo maxilomandibular, en comparación con el uso de EMC. Ambas técnicas se pueden utilizar como complemento, teniendo en cuenta el efecto de la triangulación

Anurans of the Caparaó National Park and surroundings, southeast Brazil / Anuros do Parque Nacional do Caparaó e arredores, sudeste brasileiro

Abstract The Atlantic Forest (AF) is one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world, and the most fragmented biome of Brazil. This biome includes different phytophysiognomies, as riparian, slope, cloudy forests, and grasslands. Such complexity, allied to huge latitudinal and high elevational range, provides diverse habitats and conditions for amphibian speciation. As a result, there are over 600 amphibian species known to occur in the AF. Within this biome the Caparaó National Park (CNP) is relevant, as it includes the highest peak of the biome, the Pico da Bandeira at almost 3,000 m above sea level, as well as different phytophysiognomies as rocky fields and humid forests. In spite of that, its amphibian fauna is still poorly described. We inventoried amphibians at the CNP and surrounding areas from 2016 to 2018 and recorded 47 anuran species, of which two are locally endemic and at least six have not been described yet. Additionally, we compiled data from previous surveys (2004 to 2008) and secondary data from scientific collections. All together, we registered a total of 61 anuran species from 12 families for the CNP and surroundings, placing this area among the 10 amphibian richest sites in the AF. Some of these species are represented by only one or two collected specimens and have not been registered in the CNP since the 1980's, such as Thoropa lutzi and Hylodes vanzolinii. These species could be examples of population declines or even past local extinctions, highlighting the need of further sampling efforts in that highly biodiverse site.

Resumo A Mata Atlântica (MA) é considerada um dos hotspots de biodiversidade do mundo, sendo o bioma mais degradado no Brasil. Este bioma compreende muitas fitofisionomias, como floresta ombrófila, semidecidual, e campos de altitude. Esta complexidade, aliada à enorme variação latitudinal e altitudinal, disponibiliza habitats e condições diversas à especiação dos anfíbios. Como resultado, atualmente são conhecidas mais de 600 espécies de anfíbios que ocorrem na MA. Dentro deste bioma o Parque Nacional do Caparaó (PNC) é relevante, pois inclui o ponto mais alto da Mata Atlântica, o Pico da Bandeira com cerca de 3000 m de elevação, assim como diferentes fitofisionomias, como campos rupestres e florestas úmidas. Apesar disso, sua fauna de anfíbios é ainda pobremente descrita. Realizamos inventários de anfíbios no PNC e entorno de 2016 a 2018 e registramos 47 espécies de anuros, das quais duas são endêmicas e pelo menos seis ainda não foram descritas. Adicionalmente, compilamos dados de coletas anteriores (2004 a 2008) e dados secundários de coleções científicas. Ao juntar todos os dados registramos um total de 61 espécies de anuros de 12 famílias para o PNC e arredores, colocando esta área entre as 10 áreas mais ricas em anfíbios da MA. Algumas destas espécies estão representadas apenas por um ou dois exemplares em coleções e não foram registradas no PNC desde a década de 1980, como Thoropa lutzi e Hylodes vanzolinii. Estas espécies podem ser exemplos de declínios populacionais ou mesmo de extinções locais, destacando a necessidade de maiores esforços amostrais neste local altamente biodiverso.

LIVER RESECTION FOR NON-ORIENTAL HEPATOLITHIASIS.

BACKGROUND: Primary intrahepatic lithiasis is defined when the stones are formed in the liver and associated with local dilatation and biliary stricture. Liver resection is the ideal procedure. AIM: To evaluate the results of liver resection in the treatment of non-oriental intrahepatic lithiasis. METHODS: Fifty-one patients with symptomatic benign non-oriental hepatolithiasis underwent surgical resection in six institutions in Brazil. Demography data, clinical symptoms, classification, diagnosis, management and postoperative course were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 51 patients, 28 were male (54.9%), with a mean age of 49.3 years. History of cholangitis was observed in 15 (29.4%). The types of intrahepatic lithiasis were type I in 39 (76.5%) and type IIb in 12 (23.5%), with additional type Ea in six (11.8%). Liver function test were normal in 42 patients (82.4%). Segmental atrophy was observed in 12 (23.5%). Treatments included left lateral sectionectomy in 24 (47.1%), left hepatectomy in 14 (27.5%) and right hepatectomy in eight (15.7%), with associated hepaticojejunostomy in four (7.8%). Laparoscopic liver resection was performed in eight (15.7%). Postoperative complications were observed in 20 (39.2%) with no mortality. CONCLUSION: Liver resection in patients with hepatolithiasis is the ideal procedure as it removes stones, stricture, atrophic parenchyma, and minimizes the risk of cholangiocarcinoma.

Carbon Nanotubes Having Haeckelite Defects as Potential Drug Carriers. Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are valuable drug carriers since when properly functionalized they transport drugs and anchor directly to cancerous tumors whose more acidic pH causes the drug release. Herein, we study the so-called zigzag and armchair CNTs with haeckelite defects to rank their ability to adsorb doxorubicin (DOX) by determining the DOX-CNT binding free energies using the MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA methods implemented in AMBER. Our results reveal stronger DOX-CNT interactions for encapsulation of the drug inside the nanotube compared to its adsorption onto the defective nanotube external surface. Armchair CNTs with one and two defects exhibit better results compared with those with four and fifteen defects. Each haeckelite defect consists of a pair of square and octagonal rings. DOX-CNT binding free energies are predicted to be dependent on: (i) nanotube chirality and diameter, (ii) the number of defects, (iii) nitrogen doping and (iv) the position of the encapsulated DOX inside the nanotube. Armchair (10,10) nanotubes with two haeckelite defects, doped with nitrogen, exhibit the best drug-nanotube binding free energies compared with zigzag and fully hydrogenated nanotubes and, also previously reported ones with bumpy defects. These results contribute to further understanding drug-nanotube interactions and their potential application to the design of new drug delivery systems.

Notes on vocalizations of Brazilian amphibians IV: advertisement calls of 20 Atlantic Forest frog species.

Bioacoustics is a powerful tool used for anuran species diagnoses, given that advertisement calls are signals related to specific recognition and mate attraction. Thus, call descriptions can support species taxonomy. In spite of that, call descriptions are lacking for many species, delaying advances in biodiversity research. Here, we describe the advertisement calls of 20 anuran species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We accessed 50 digital recordings deposited in the Fonoteca Neotropical Jacques Vielliard. Acoustic analyses were carried out in the software Raven pro 1.5. We provide a general comparison of call structure among species inside taxonomic groups and genera. The vocalizations described here belong to poorly known species, which are representatives of six families: Brachycephalidae, Bufonidae, Ceratophryidae, Cycloramphidae, Hylidae, and Phyllomedusidae. Despite this, still there are 163 species of anurans from Atlantic Forest with calls not formally described. Our work represents an important step in providing data for a taxonomic perspective and improving the knowledge of the Atlantic Forest anuran diversity.

PANCREATODUODENECTOMY FOR SOLID PSEUDOPAPILLARY TUMOR OF THE PANCREAS: A MULTI-INSTITUTION STUDY.

BACKGROUND: Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas is a rare low-grade malignant neoplasm. Most patients present with nonspecific symptoms until the tumor becomes large. Complete surgical resection by pancreatoduodenectomy is the treatment of choice for tumors located in the head of the pancreas. AIM: To analyzed the clinicopathologic features, management, and outcomes of patients who had solid pseudopapillary tumor of the head pancreas and underwent surgical resection. METHODS: Were analyzed 16 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for this condition. RESULTS: Mean age was 25.7 years old, and 15 patients were female (93.7%). Nonspecific abdominal pain was present in 14 (87.5%). All underwent computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging as part of diagnostic workup. The median diameter of the tumor was 6.28 cm, and surgical resection was performed with open or laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Postoperative complications occurred in six patients (37.5%) and included pancreatic fistula without mortality. The mean of hospital stay was 10.3 days. Median follow-up was 3.6 years, and no patient had local recurrence or metastatic disease. CONCLUSION: For these patients surgical resection with pancreatoduodenectomy is the treatment of choice showing low morbidity, no mortality, and good long-term survival.

A Ciência dos Religiosos: Estudo Exploratório dos Usos e Sentidos que Religiosos Fazem da Ciência

Este artigo apresenta um estudo empírico exploratório das atitudes e opiniões de religiosos acerca da ciência, cujos resultados foram interpretados a partir das noções de campo psicológico/espaço vital de Lewin. Objetivo: investigar a visão que adeptos de diferentes grupos religiosos brasileiros têm da ciência, os fatores que influenciaram essa visão (como a educação familiar e escolar) e o recurso à religião ou à ciência diante do sofrimento e do mal. Método: estudo transversal quantitativo com uso da Escala de Crença na Ciência e um questionário original investigando as perspectivas dos religiosos frente à ciência. Participantes: 206 mulheres e 102 homens (N=308) com diferentes afiliações religiosas. Resultados: como tendências gerais, verificou-se: (1) maior propensão à descrença na ciência, a despeito do reconhecimento de sua importância; (2) percepção de posição favorável à ciência por parte da religião e de grupos religiosos; (3) consideração de que não há conflito irreconciliável entre ciência e religião; e (4) maior tendência a buscar recursos na ciência e na religião ao mesmo tempo (ou exclusivamente na religião) para lidar com o sofrimento e o mal. Análises mais detalhadas evidenciaram, ainda, diferenças significativas entre as afiliações religiosas em seus níveis de aproximação ou afastamento da ciência.

This article presents an exploratory empirical study of the attitudes and opinions of religious people about science, which the results were interpreted based on Lewin's notion of psychological field/life space. Objective: to investigate the views held by adherents of different Brazilian religious groups about science, the factors that influenced this view (such as family and school education) and the use of religion or science to cope with suffering and the evil. Method: a quantitative cross-sectional study using the Belief in Science Scale and an original questionnaire to investigate the perspectives of religious individuals towards science. Participants: 206 women and 102 men (N = 308) from different religious groups. Results: the following general trends were found: (1) nonbelief in science, despite considering its importance to some extent; (2) the perception that religious groups have a non-negative attitude towards science, and that religion is favorable to science; (3) the consideration that there is no irreconcilable conflict between science and religion; and (4) the use of both science and religion, or exclusively of religion, to cope with suffering and the evil. More detailed analyzes also revealed significant differences between religious affiliations in their levels of support to (or rejection of) science.

Liver resection for non-oriental hepatolithiasis / Ressecção hepática no tratamento da hepatolitíase não oriental

ABSTRACT Background: Primary intrahepatic lithiasis is defined when the stones are formed in the liver and associated with local dilatation and biliary stricture. Liver resection is the ideal procedure. Aim: To evaluate the results of liver resection in the treatment of non-oriental intrahepatic lithiasis. Methods: Fifty-one patients with symptomatic benign non-oriental hepatolithiasis underwent surgical resection in six institutions in Brazil. Demography data, clinical symptoms, classification, diagnosis, management and postoperative course were analyzed. Results: Of the 51 patients, 28 were male (54.9%), with a mean age of 49.3 years. History of cholangitis was observed in 15 (29.4%). The types of intrahepatic lithiasis were type I in 39 (76.5%) and type IIb in 12 (23.5%), with additional type Ea in six (11.8%). Liver function test were normal in 42 patients (82.4%). Segmental atrophy was observed in 12 (23.5%). Treatments included left lateral sectionectomy in 24 (47.1%), left hepatectomy in 14 (27.5%) and right hepatectomy in eight (15.7%), with associated hepaticojejunostomy in four (7.8%). Laparoscopic liver resection was performed in eight (15.7%). Postoperative complications were observed in 20 (39.2%) with no mortality. Conclusion: Liver resection in patients with hepatolithiasis is the ideal procedure as it removes stones, stricture, atrophic parenchyma, and minimizes the risk of cholangiocarcinoma.

RESUMO Racional: Litíase intra-hepática primária é definida quando os cálculos são formados dentro do fígado, podendo estar associada à dilatação local e estenosa da via biliar. A ressecção hepática é considerada o procedimento ideal. Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados da ressecção hepática no tratamento da litíase intra-hepática não oriental. Métodos: Cinquenta e um pacientes com hepatolitíase benigna não oriental sintomática foram submetidos à ressecção hepática em seis instituições no Brazil. Os dados demográficos, sintomas clínicos, classificação, diagnóstico, tratamento e evolução pós-operatória foram analisados. Resultados: Dos 51 pacientes havia 28 homens (54,9%), e a idade média era de 49,3 anos. História de colangite foi observada em 15 pacientes (29,4%). Os tipos de litíase observados foram tipo I em 39 (76,5%) e tipo IIb em 12 (23,5%), com o tipo adicional Ea em seis pacientes (11,8%). Os testes de função hepática estavam normais em 42 (82,4%) e atrofia segmentar foi observada em 12 (23,5%). O tratamento incluiu setorectomia lateral esquerda em 24 (47,1%), hepatectomia esquerda em 14 (27,5%) e hepatectomia direita em oito pacientes (15,7%). A hepaticojejunostomia esteve associada ao procedimento inicial em quatro (7,8%). Hepatectomia por videolaparoscopia foi realizada em oito (15,7%). Complicações pós-operatórias foram observadas em 20 pacientes (39,2%) e não houve mortalidade. Conclusão: Ressecção hepática na hepatolitíase é o procedimento ideal, pois remove os cálculos, a estenose, o parênquima atrofiado e minimiza os riscos para colangiocarcinoma.

Pancreatoduodenectomy for solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: a multi-institution study / Duodenopancreatectomia para o tumor pseudopapilar sólido do pâncreas: estudo multi-institucional

ABSTRACT Background: Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas is a rare low-grade malignant neoplasm. Most patients present with nonspecific symptoms until the tumor becomes large. Complete surgical resection by pancreatoduodenectomy is the treatment of choice for tumors located in the head of the pancreas Aim: To analyzed the clinicopathologic features, management, and outcomes of patients who had solid pseudopapillary tumor of the head pancreas and underwent surgical resection. Methods: Were analyzed 16 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for this condition. Results: Mean age was 25.7 years old, and 15 patients were female (93.7%). Nonspecific abdominal pain was present in 14 (87.5%). All underwent computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging as part of diagnostic workup. The median diameter of the tumor was 6.28 cm, and surgical resection was performed with open or laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Postoperative complications occurred in six patients (37.5%) and included pancreatic fistula without mortality. The mean of hospital stay was 10.3 days. Median follow-up was 3.6 years, and no patient had local recurrence or metastatic disease. Conclusion: For these patients surgical resection with pancreatoduodenectomy is the treatment of choice showing low morbidity, no mortality, and good long-term survival.

RESUMO Racional: Tumor sólido pseudopapilar do pâncreas é neoplasia maligna rara, de baixo grau de malignidade. A maioria dos pacientes apresenta sintomas inespecíficos até que o tumor aumente de tamanho. A ressecção cirúrgica completa através a duodenopancreatectomia é o tratamento de escolha para os localizados na cabeça do pâncreas. Objetivo: Analisar as características clinicopatológicas, tratamento e resultados de pacientes com tumor sólido pseudopapilar do pâncreas localizado na cabeça do pâncreas submetidos à ressecção cirúrgica. Método: Foram analisados 16 pacientes com duodenopancreatectomia devido a esse tumor localizado na cabeça do pâncreas. Resultados: Havia 15 mulheres (93,7%) e a média de idade era de 25,7 anos. Dor abdominal não específica esteve presente em 14 pacientes (87,5%). Todos realizaram tomografia computadorizada do abdome e/ou ressonância nuclear magnética como parte da investigação. O diâmetro médio do tumor era de 6,28 cm e a ressecção cirúrgica foi realizada por duodenopancreatectomia, tanto por laparotomia quanto por videolaparoscopia, com ou sem quimioterapia neoadjuvante. As complicações pós-operatórias ocorreram em seis pacientes (37,5%) e incluíram fístula pancreática, sem mortalidade. O tempo médio de internação hospitalar foi de 10,3 dias. O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 3,6 anos e nenhum paciente apresentou recorrência local ou doença metastática. Conclusões: A ressecção cirúrgica através da duodenopancreatectomia é o tratamento de escolha para estes pacientes. Os resultados mostraram baixa morbidade, nenhuma mortalidade e boa sobrevida em longo prazo.