Sugar-sweetened beverages consumption increases the risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in adults: Consistent and robust evidence from an umbrella review.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are potential modifiable risk factors for reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, there is a lack of an umbrella review that robustly synthesizes the evidence. This review aims to synthesize the evidence linking habitual SSBs intake with MetS in adults, emphasizing the need for policy and regulatory actions. METHODS: Four databases were comprehensively searched for relevant meta-analyses of prospective studies up to July 2023. Two authors independently conducted the screening for eligibility, data extraction, and quality assessment. The outcome of interest was MetS in adults, encompassing its component conditions. The present review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023402549). RESULTS: Of the 16 eligible meta-analyses identified, 30 summary estimates were obtained for the impact of SSBs consumption on obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and MetS. Seven were rated as 'High' methodological quality, with the rest classified as 'Moderate' and 'Low' quality, consisting of three and six references, respectively. A comparison of the highest and lowest levels of SSBs consumption revealed an increased risk of 18% (95% CI: 13%-24%), 12% (95% CI: 11%-14%), 29% (95% CI: 25%-32%), and 29% (95% CI: 7%-52%) for obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and MetS, respectively. Consistently, the findings from dose-response analyses are in agreement with and corroborate the existing evidence that SSBs are a significant risk factor for the development of MetS and its related conditions. Noticeably, the quality of evidence was predominantly deemed as highly suggestive and convincing. Moreover, consensus on specific criteria to identify studies related to SSBs in literature searching was lacking, and most primary studies were conducted in developed countries and Europe. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that more rigorous and targeted policy interventions are warranted to curtail SSBs consumption, in order to alleviate the global burden of MetS.

Depression prevalence in Vietnam during the Covid-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: As of 10 October 2021, Vietnam has recorded 835,036 locally acquired Covid-19 cases including 20,520 fatalities. In response to the coronavirus illness outbreak Vietnam adopted a number of public health measures including contact tracing and testing mandatory quarantine and lockdowns. Lockdown measures during the Covid-19 pandemic are demonstrated to negatively impact psychological and mental health problems such as depression. However, the magnitude of these psychological impacts on Vietnamese during the epidemic has remained unknown. Objectives: Thus, we have determined that it is necessary to perform this meta-analysis to better understand a comprehensive range of the prevalence of depression during the pandemic in Vietnam. Methods: To find relevant articles we followed the PRISMA guidelines and searched MEDLINE Scopus and PubMed from their inception to October 01 2021 confined to English language publications. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to determine the possibility of bias. We pooled the included studies using the Random effect model in MedCalc version 20.014. Cochran's Q heterogeneity test and I2 were used to determine statistical heterogeneity. Results: Out of 110 articles 13 articles comprising of 27,216 participants were selected. Our meta-analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence of depression was 14.636% (95% CI: 11.521-18.054% I2 = 97.98% P < 0.0001). And depression is more prevalent among health workers than among non-health workers. Conclusions: Our systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that the Vietnamese population was burdened by depression during the Covid-19 pandemic which we believe is a significant finding especially in healthcare workers. If these mental health disorders are not addressed promptly the community may suffer significant long-term mental social and economic consequences.

Multi-Bolted Connection for Pultruded Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer's Structure: A Study on Strengthening by Multiaxial Glass Fiber Sheets.

Pultruded Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers (PGFRPs) are becoming a new mainstream in civil construction because of their advantageous properties. One of two main elements, glass fibers, have been constructed by unidirectional glass roving in applicate progress. PGFRPs do not have high shear strength, which is determined by another element is the matrix. In the future, the demand for enhanced serviceability of existing PGFRP structures could be seen as unavoidable. Therefore, multi-bolted connection being the most typical type of connecting member, strengthening the connection performance of PGFRPs through connection is necessary. Previous researchers have studied several methods for improving connection capacity, including pasting glass fiber sheets (GFS). However, experimental research is lacking for multi-bolted connection. This study investigated several strategies of specimens, including the quantity of bolts (two bolts, four bolts, and five bolts); the end distance/diameter ratio (e = 2d; e = 3d) under tensile load; and three types of glass fiber sheets (GFS) (0°/90°, ±45° and chopped strand mat (CSM)). The experiment's results showed the strengthening effects and the failure mode on the specimens. These findings could address the gap in knowledge that needs to be resolved with respect to PGFRPs' composite design, through evaluation and discussion of their behavior.