RESUMEN
The prevalence of myopia is increasing globally, and the outdoor light environment is considered as a possible factor that can retard myopia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of myopia and the light environment in Aracati, equatorial Brazil. We surveyed 421 children (421 right eyes; mean age, 10.6 years) and performed ocular examinations that included non-cycloplegic refraction and axial length (AL). Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify factors affecting myopia such as time spent outdoors and in near work. We measured illuminance and violet light irradiance in Aracati. The mean spherical equivalent (SE) and AL were -0.44 ± 1.38 diopters (D) and 22.98 ± 0.87 mm, respectively. The prevalence of myopia (SE ≤ -0.75 D) and high myopia (SE ≤ -6.0 D/AL ≥ 26.0 mm) was 20.4 and 1.4/0.48%, respectively. Multiple regression analyses showed that myopia was not associated with lifestyle factors. The average illuminance in Aracati was about 100,000 lux from morning to evening. The current results reflect the ALs and the prevalence of myopia among Brazilian schoolchildren. There is a possibility that the light environment in addition to other confounding factors including racial differences affects the ALs and refractive errors.
RESUMEN
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive disease that occurs in the liver. As the number of people with NASH has increased, effective prevention and treatment strategies are needed. Agaricus brasiliensis KA21 (AGA) is a mushroom native to Brazil and is considered a healthy food because of its purported health benefits, including its antioxidant properties. In this study, we focused on the oxidative stress that accompanies the onset of NASH and examined whether AGA can prevent NASH development through its antioxidant activity. We used a mouse model of NASH in which pathogenesis was promoted by dietary induction. Supplementation with AGA attenuated the development of hepatic fibrosis, which is a characteristic feature of late-stage NASH. This effect appeared to be mechanistically linked to an AGA-promoted reduction in hepatic oxidative stress. These results demonstrate a novel role for AGA in NASH prevention.
RESUMEN
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and ability the biological systems' defense mechanisms necessary to eliminate the stress. It has been accepted that oxidative stress is involved in many acute and chronic diseases and even in normal aging. Recently, increased awareness of oxidative stress damage and its relation with ocular surface diseases incite researchers to discover possible mechanisms in the development of dry eye disease. This review focuses on the evaluation of the influence of oxidative stress on eye diseases emphasizing its relation with the pathogenesis of dry eye disease.
Estresse oxidativo é causado por um desequilíbrio entre a produção de espécies reativas do oxigênio e a habilidade dos mecanismos de defesa do sistema biológico necessários para eliminar este estresse. O estresse oxidativo tem sido aceito como um fator envolvido em várias doenças agudas, crônicas e até mesmo no envelhecimento fisiológico. Recentemente, o crescente conhecimento dos danos causados pelo estresse oxidativo e a sua relação com doenças da superfície ocular estimulou pesquisadores a descobrir possíveis mecanismos no desenvolvimento da doença do olho seco. Esta revisão tem como foco a avaliação da influência do estresse oxidativo nas doenças do olho e enfatiza a sua relação com a patogênese da doença do olho seco.
Asunto(s)
Anciano , Humanos , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/etiología , Queratitis/etiología , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/metabolismo , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/patología , Ambiente , Queratitis/metabolismo , Queratitis/patologíaRESUMEN
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and ability the biological systems' defense mechanisms necessary to eliminate the stress. It has been accepted that oxidative stress is involved in many acute and chronic diseases and even in normal aging. Recently, increased awareness of oxidative stress damage and its relation with ocular surface diseases incite researchers to discover possible mechanisms in the development of dry eye disease. This review focuses on the evaluation of the influence of oxidative stress on eye diseases emphasizing its relation with the pathogenesis of dry eye disease.
Asunto(s)
Síndromes de Ojo Seco/etiología , Queratitis/etiología , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Anciano , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/metabolismo , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/patología , Ambiente , Humanos , Queratitis/metabolismo , Queratitis/patologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To detect normal values of red phenol thread test in the Brazilian population and compare it between different races, age and sex. METHODS: 280 white individuals (560 eyes) and 280 non-white individuals (560 eyes) were analyzed regarding sex and age, and analyzed using the Phenol Red test. Individuals with ocular diseases, contact lens or ocular drug users were excluded from this study. RESULTS: Of the 1,120 evaluated eyes, the mean +/- standard deviation result was 19.77+/-7.90 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The mean result found in this study was an intermediate value compared to the previously studied populations (Japanese and American).
Asunto(s)
Colorantes , Etnicidad , Fenolsulfonftaleína , Lágrimas/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Brasil/etnología , Niño , Preescolar , Córnea/química , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Concentración Osmolar , Valores de Referencia , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Distribución por Sexo , Estadísticas no ParamétricasRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Determinar parâmetros normais do teste de fenol vermelho na população brasileira, e comparar entre diferentes raças, idade e sexo. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados, com o teste de fenol vermelho, 280 indivíduos (560 olhos) da raça branca e 280 indivíduos (560 olhos) da raça não branca, que foram divididos de acordo com a idade e o sexo. Foram excluídos indivíduos com qualquer doença ocular, usuários de lente de contato e que usavam medicação ocular. RESULTADOS: Dos 1.120 olhos avaliados, o resultado médio foi de 19,77±7,90 mm. CONCLUSAO: O resultado médio encontrado foi um valor intermediário entre as duas populações previamente estudadas (japonesa e norte-americana).