RESUMEN
Magnetic field effects on a radical ion pair have been studied to investigate the diffusion of the radical ions generated by a photoinduced electron transfer reaction in ionic liquids having short and long alkyl chains. The yield of an escaped radical ion was evaluated by using a nanosecond laser flash photolysis under various magnetic fields. The magnitude of the magnetic field effect on the yield of the escaped radical was linearly increased with increasing solvent viscosity. Such solvent viscosity dependence of the magnetic field effect can be explained with the solvent viscosity dependence of the escape rate of the radical ions from the pair. In the time window (>20 ns) of our measurements, the effect of long alkyl chain aggregation on the dynamics of the radical ions was not clearly observed.
RESUMEN
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) has been applied as the most valuable source of autologous cell transplantation for various diseases including diabetic complications. However, hyperglycemia may cause abnormalities in intrinsic BM-MSC which might lose sufficient therapeutic effects in diabetic patients. We demonstrated the functional abnormalities in BM-MSC derived from both type 1 and type 2 diabetes models in vitro, which resulted in loss of therapeutic effects in vivo in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Then, we developed a novel method to improve abnormalities in BM-MSC using human umbilical cord extracts, namely Wharton's jelly extract supernatant (WJs). WJs is a cocktail of growth factors, extracellular matrixes and exosomes, which ameliorates proliferative capacity, motility, mitochondrial degeneration, endoplasmic reticular functions and exosome secretions in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes-derived BM-MSC (DM-MSC). Exosomes contained in WJs were a key factor for this activation, which exerted similar effects to complete WJs. DM-MSC activated by WJs ameliorated renal injury in both type 1 and type 2 DN. In this study, we developed a novel activating method using WJs to significantly increase the therapeutic effect of BM-MSC, which may allow effective autologous cell transplantation.