A Mixed-Method Study on the Assessment of Factors Influencing Nurses' Provision of Spiritual Care.

The purpose of this study was to explore factors that influence nurses' beliefs about offering spiritual care. STUDY DESIGN: A mixed-method study design, incorporating both quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative research, was used for this study (focus group discussion). METHODS: The questionnaires were completed by a convenience sample of nurses and their assistants working in two public hospitals. These questionnaires included the Greek versions of the FACIT-Sp-12, SCIPS, NEO-FFI, and the Spiritual Climate Scale, as well as a specially designed questionnaire to gather demographic, socioeconomic, and professional information about the study population (SCS). Three nurses and two nursing assistants who worked in public hospitals and were chosen through purposive sampling made up the sample for the qualitative study. In utilizing inductive content analysis methodology, a qualitative analysis was carried out. RESULTS: Greek nurses frequently offer spiritual care to their patients, primarily existential spiritual care. It was discovered that the spiritual climate, the nurses' positive coherence, and their educational level all exert a favorable effect on total spiritual care. Three categories and seven subcategories were used to describe the participants' prior experiences with spiritual care. CONCLUSIONS: Greek nurses frequently offer spiritual care to their patients, and both internal and external factors influence their attitudes in this regard.

The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic and Social Determinants of Health on the Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence. A Systematic Review.

Background: The pandemic has increased the rates of violent behavior towards women by their partners worldwide. Increased time spent living with the abusive partner, working at home and limited social contact combined with socioeconomic characteristics contributed to the increase in this type of violence. Objective: To investigate the impact of pandemic COVID-19 and social determinants of health (SDOH) on the intimate partner violence (IPV) experienced by women from their partners. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to investigate the impact of COVID-19 and social determinants of health on violence experienced by women from their partner(s) as a consequence of incarceration. The Pubmed and Scopus databases were searched during December 2022, using the keywords "intimate partner violence", "women", "COVID-19", "socioeconomic factors", "social determinants of health". Results: Of the 917 studies initially retrieved, 38 studies found an increased prevalence of women's reported violence by their partners, 10 found a low prevalence, and 9 found no difference in prevalence before and during restraint. The most common forms of violence were psychological, physical and sexual. In 30 studies, social determinants such as socioeconomic level, education and living conditions were found to be associated with the prevalence of violence. Conclusion: There was an increase in violence against women during quarantine which was associated with the effect of social determinants. However, due to research limitations of the studies, additional research is needed to draw firm conclusions that can be generalized to the population.

Attitudes toward older people among nursing students in Greece.

BACKGROUND: The age profile of the population has shifted globally. Age discrimination has been documented, particularly in the areas of health and employment. AIM: This study aims at examining nursing students' attitudes toward older people and dehumanization of older people among nursing students. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was employed in this study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, which included a sociodemographic variables questionnaire, the Kogan's Attitude towards Old People Scale (KAOP) scale, a modified version of the Human Nature & Human Uniqueness Scale, the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) and the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire. A total of 410 undergraduate nursing students participated in this study. Descriptive statistics were applied while inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation, and regression analysis with the stepwise method were also performed. The significant level was set as p ≤ .05. SPSS-25 was used for the analysis of data. RESULTS: The total mean score of the KAOP scale was 128.84 ± 14.32, indicating that nursing students had a slightly positive view of older individuals. Nursing students scored higher on the mechanistic dehumanization scale than on the animalistic dehumanization one. A strong negative association was found between Mechanistic and Animalistic dehumanization with the KAOP scale and empathy. Year of study, age, and gender were identified as predictor variables for mechanical dehumanization. CONCLUSION: Personality traits, demographic variables, and nursing students' level of empathy are factors that influence their views about older people and the dehumanization of older people.

Factors Affecting Greek Nurses' Caring Behaviors: The Role of Nurses' Spirituality and the Spiritual Climate of Hospitals.

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of nurses' personality, spirituality, and spiritual care in nurses' caring behaviors. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in two hospitals, located in Athens, Greece. Data were collected by a four-part self-reported questionnaire. The results showed that work experience seems to play an important and positive role on nurses' caring behaviors, and all personality traits, except neuroticism. Also, spirituality and spiritual climate are significant factors predicting nurses' caring behaviors. Moreover, a hospitals' spiritual climate can positively influence all domains of nursing care (p < 0.001). Nurses spirituality (faith) and hospital spiritual climate can also positively influence nursing care.

The Effect of Spirituality in Quality of Life of Hemodialysis Patients.

This study aimed to assess the effect of spirituality on quality of life of end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). A cross-sectional study was carried out in six HD Units. The sample consisted of 367 patients averaging 61.8 years of age. For the measuring of spirituality and the quality of life, the FACIT-Sp-12 and the Missoula Vitas Quality of Life Index-15, respectively, were completed. Social and demographic data were, also, collected. Spirituality and its dimensions such as Meaning in Life and Peace had a positive effect on Global QoL, Symptoms, Interpersonal and in Well-being. Spirituality can have a positive effect on the QoL of HD patients. Therefore, in the context of the holistic approach of the individual, health systems can include spiritual evaluation and care of HD patients.

Anxiety Status and Coping Strategies in Association with Sociodemographic Factors, Dietary and Lifestyle Habits in Greece.

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between nutritional habits, lifestyle, anxiety, and coping strategies. BACKGROUND: Anxiety is an underestimated and often undiagnosed subclinical disorder that burdens the general public of modern societies and increases illness suscentibility. METHODS: The study group consisted of 693 individuals living in Peloponnese, Greece. A standardized questionnaire that consists of the dietary habits and lifestyle questionnaire, the trait Anxiety STAI-X-2 questionnaire and the brief-COPE questionnaire, was used. Principal components analysis identified the factors from the questionnaires, and stepwise multivariate regression analysis investigated their relationships. RESULTS: Weekly consumption of fruits, tomatoes, salads and lettuce, together with Εmotional/Ιnstrumental support, Denial/Behavioural disengagement, substance use and self-blame, was the most important predictors of anxiety scores. Positive reframing/Humour and Acceptance/Planning are also associated with the Positive STAI factor and decreased anxiety scores. CONCLUSION: Healthy nutritional habits, comprised of consumption of salads and fruits, together with adaptive coping strategies, such as Positive reframing/Humour and Active problem solving, may provide the most profound improvement in the anxiety levels of a healthy population in Peloponnese, Greece.

A cross-sectional study for assessing perceived symptoms, depression and quality of life in advanced lung cancer patients.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to assess the perceived symptoms, depression and quality of life (QoL) in advanced lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. METHODS: The study was cross sectional and was conducted in the oncology department of General Hospital "George Papanikolaou", Thessaloniki, Greece. The sample was convenient and consisted of 76 advanced lung cancer patients. A questionnaire including instruments such as Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale- CES-D, Revised Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale r-ESAS, EORTC QLQ-C30 and demographic and clinical information was used to collect data. RESULTS: The most frequently observed symptoms were tiredness, shortness of breath, anxiety and well-being. The vast majority of patients (75.3%) had total score in CES-depression higher than 16. The type of residence affected ESAS emotional score (p=0.010). Gender affected the level of depression (p=0.014) and the type of lung cancer affected depression (p=0.036). The type of residence affected emotional functioning (p=0.010), the type of treatment influenced the score of global health status (p=0.007), the role functioning (p=0.032) and social functioning (p=0.024). Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to identify the predictors of overall QoL and depression. The statistically significant factors for QoL were pain (p<0.001) and tiredness (p=0.003), while the type of lung cancer (p<0.007), the type of insurance (p<0.025) and the type of treatment (p<0.041) influenced depression as well. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced lung cancer patients experienced moderate level in QoL and mild levels of symptoms. Demographic and clinical characteristics influenced depression and QoL.

Assessment of psychological distress in end stage renal disease: is it spirituality related?

INTRODUCTION: Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) are faced with bearing this burden and report poor mental health. Spirituality can be a key factor in managing these problems among HD patients. AIM: This cross-sectional study aimed at exploring possible factors that are associated with psychological distress among HD patients and testing its relation to spirituality. METHODS: HD patients were recruited from six dialysis units in Greece. Psychological distress was assessed using the scale Symptom Check List 90-R and spirituality using the Facit Sp-12 questionnaire. In addition, a special design questionnaire regarding demographic, social, and clinical characteristic was administrated. RESULTS: According to the results, factors such age, gender, marital status and area of residence are associated with psychological distress, while dimensions of spirituality such Meaning in Life and Peace can have a positive influence on psychological distress. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the vital role of spirituality, which can act as a mechanism for managing stressful situations. In particular, this study highlights the positive effect of the meaning and purpose of life, as well as the role of peace and harmony.

Greek Nurses' Perception of Hospital Ethical Climate: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study aimed to examine Greek nurses' perceptions about hospital ethical climate and to investigate the possible difference of those perceptions regarding their demographic and work-related characteristics. The cross-sectional study design was employed in this study in which 286 nurses and nurse assistants participated. Data were collected by a sheet containing demographic and work-related characteristics and the Greek version of the Oslons' Hospital Ethical Climate Scale. IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences 25 was used in data analysis. Frequencies, means, percentages, and standard deviations summarized the data. For the statistical differences, parametric tests were performed. Independent Samples t and Pearson correlation analysis were used to determine the relationship between the ethical climate of the hospital and the nurses' characteristics. The p-values 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The mean age of the nurses was 44 years (SD: 8.5 years; range 24-66 years). The majority of them were women (77.3%). A percent of 57.7% of the sample was married. Most positive perceptions were concerning managers (4.01) following by peers (3.82), patients (3.69), hospitals (3.29) while the least positive perceptions of the ethical climate were concerning the physicians (3.16). The factors associated with hospital ethical perception were: working experience and responsible position. The highest score of ethical climate reported to managers subscale, while the minimum score was related to physicians. In general, Greek nurses reported positive perceptions regarding hospital ethical climate. The positive ethical climate is associated with a better working environment, fewer nurses' experience of moral distress, fewer chances for nursing turnover, high quality of nursing care, and fewer errors in nursing practice.

The Effect of Spirituality on Illness Perceptions in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis : Spirituality and Health.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of spirituality on illness perceptions of Greek patients on hemodialysis. The cross-sectional study design was employed for this purpose. The sample comprised of 367 patients on hemodialysis. Data were collected via a three-part questionnaire consisting of a sheet containing demographic and clinical information, the Illness Perceptions Questionnaire, and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT-Sp-12). Data were processed with SPSS V.21, descriptive as well as inferential statistics were applied. The significant level was set at 0.05; 62.1% of the patients in the sample were men and 37.9% women. Their ages ranged from 18 to 92 years old, with an average of 61.80 years old. The findings of the research showed that the spirituality score both total and the subscales leads to a decrease illness perceptions score, meaning that patients perceive the disease as less threatening. The overall score of the Illness Perceptions Questionnaire was above the median, which means that patients perceive their condition as quite threatening. Overall, individual spirituality has a positive impact on the way patients perceive their condition.

Patient Knowledge, Adherence to the Therapeutic Regimen, and Quality of Life in Hemodialysis : Knowledge, Adherence, and Quality of Life in Hemodialysis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of patients' knowledge on adherence to the hemodialysis regimen and Quality of Life (QoL) of patients undergoing hemodialysis as well as the effect of adherence on QoL. Also, the effect of demographic and clinical characteristics on the above three variables was studied. In this cross-sectional study conducted between March and May 2017, 321 patients on hemodialysis from six hemodialysis units completed the Kidney Disease Questionnaire, the GR-Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire and the Missoula Vitas Quality of Life Index-15 to measure the patient knowledge, the adherence to hemodialysis regimen, and the QoL, respectively. The statistical analysis was performed via the Statistical Program SPSS 19.0. The statistical significance level was set up at 0.05. The knowledge was independently associated with the overall QoL and its dimension-transcendence-with total adherence and its dimension-diet/fluid adherence. The total adherence was independently associated with overall QoL and its dimensions-symptoms and interpersonal. The educational level, the type of vascular access, and the daily number of pills were independently associated with the total adherence and the overall QoL. Patient knowledge may have an important effect on adherence and QoL. Adherence may have an important effect on QoL. Demographic and clinical characteristics play, also, a crucial role in the above variables. The findings can help nephrology nurses to quantify the extent of non-adherence in hemodialysis and poor quality of life.

Translation and Validation of the Spiritual Care Intervention-Provision Scale in the Greek Language.

INTRODUCTION: Spiritual care is defined as activities and interventions that promote spiritual health and the spiritual dimension of quality of life. Empirical data indicate the importance that spiritual care provision has on nursing practice. The spiritual care intervention-provision (SCIP) scale was developed to assess the frequency of spiritual care intervention implemented by nurses. Currently, there are no validated scales for assessing spiritual care in the Greek language. OBJECTIVE: To adapt and validate the spiritual care intervention-provision scale in the Greek language. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was employed, in which 275 nurses working in two public hospitals participated. The SCIP scale underwent the process of cross-cultural adaptation and was evaluated by assessing its reliability and validity. RESULTS: The process resulted in a valid Greek version of the SCIPS, the internal consistency (Cronbach's α 0.887), reliability testing-retesting (r = 0.997, p < 0.001, and t = 0.387, p > 0.05), construct, and convergent validities were evaluated. CONCLUSION: The Greek version of the spiritual care intervention-provision scale is a validated scale that can be used to examine spiritual care provision in Greek health services.

Assessment of the relation between religiosity, anxiety, depression and psychological resilience in nursing staff.

The nursing profession is considered to be an emotionally demanding profession often lead to various psychological difficulties and extend level stress. Religiosity and religion in general, have been associated with positive outcomes in an individual's life such as higher self-esteem, better quality of life and psychological wellbeing. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between nurses' religiosity, psychological resilience, and psychological wellbeing. In this cross-sectional study, 378 nurses participated. Dada were collected by using Centrality of Religiosity Scale, The Patient Health Questionnaire Two-Item Depression Scale, The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 25. Percentages, means, and standard deviations were calculated. In addition the parametric t-test and ANOVA were used. Also, logistic regression analyses were used to determine which factors affect the depression and anxiety of nurses. Results indicated differences with a probability of less than or equal to 0.05 were accepted as significant. For statistical analysis, we used the statistical program SPSS 25. According to our results although religious practices can be a protective factor for both depression and anxiety, religious beliefs and experiences can increase the levels of depression and anxiety as well.

Spiritual Climate as is Perceived by Greek Clinical Nurses. A Validation study.

INTRODUCTION: Organisational climate generally refers to issues such as information sharing climate, appreciation and recognition, concern for employee well-being, ethics and quality performance. In hospitals, it represents the shared beliefs and values that may affect the quality of care in health care groups and which could be managed to improve the quality of care. AIM: Aim of the study was the translation of the Spiritual climate Scale (SCS) in Greek language and the validation of the scale for the Greek population. METHODS: The SCS is an anonymous self-administered questionnaire that contains four, five-point Likert scale, closed questions. The questionnaire was translated into Greek language and then back translated in the English in order to be checked for any inconsistencies. The sample of the study was 275 nurses, working in two public hospital in Athens. Exploratory factor analysis, with principal components analysis was performed for checking the construct validity of the questionnaire. The test-retest reliability and the internal consistency were also examined. Statistical analysis performed by the use of SPSS 25.0. Statistical significance level was set at p=0.05. RESULTS: From the total 275 of the participants 238(86.5%) were women and the mean age was 43.8±8.7. The final Greek version of the questionnaire includes all of the four questions and one factor was exported from the exploratory factor analysis. The Cronbach-α coefficient was 0.902 for the total questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: The SCS is a valid and reliable questionnaire that can be used for assessing spiritual climate in Greek clinical areas.

Depression, anxiety and stress among patients with hematological malignancies and the association with quality of life: a cross-sectional study.

AIM: To evaluate psychological distress and quality of life of patients with hematological malignancies, as well as to identify the prognostic factors that aggravate their condition. METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive study including 87 patients with Hematological Malignancies was conducted. Data were collected with an anonymous questionnaire consisted by A) a sheet with socio-demographic characteristics, B) the Depression, Stress and Stress Scale (DASS21), and C) World Health Organization Life Quality Scale (WHOQOL - BREF30). The processing and statistical analysis of the empirical material of the research were done using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) 22.0. RESULTS: The results showed that the age of the sample averaged 71.22 years (SD = 8.71). Regarding their marital status, single mothers were 9.2%, married 62.1%. With regard to disease-related features, 28.7% of patients had Hodgkin's Lymphoma, 27.6% Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, 27.6% MDL and 16.1% of patients had myelodysplastic syndrome Multiple myeloma. In the investigation of the relationship between the Mental health Scale and the Quality of Life, negative correlations of Depression, Stress, Stress and the total DAS Scale with all dimensions of Patient Quality of Life were found. CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of psychological distress and poor mental health are associated with a low level of quality of life.

The Effect of Spirituality on Mental Health Among Hypertensive Elderly People: A Cross-sectional Community-based Study.

INTRODUCTION: Elderly suffering from hypertension may also experience other psychological disorders in their daily life, such as depression and anxiety. Moreover, they use spiritual practices to relieve symptoms or comorbidities of hypertension. All these practices produce a calming effect on them. AIM: This study aims at investigating the relation between spirituality and mental health among older adults with hypertension and their sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in Greece. A questionnaire consisting of the sociodemographic characteristics, the FACIT-Sp-12 scale and the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) was completed by a total of 134 hypertensive elderly (≥65 years of age) persons. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 42,5% males and 57,5% females, aged 65 to 95 years, with a mean age of 78,38 years (SD= 6,68). A statistically significant correlation was found between FACIT-Sp-12 total score and the "physical discomfort (r=-0,562 p<0.001), "anxiety" (r=-0,735 p<0.001), "social disfunctioning" (r=-0,650 p<0.001), "depression" (r=-0,735 p<0.001) and the total score of GHQ-28 (r=-0,735 p<0.001). Specifically, the higher the total score of spirituality among older hypertensive adults the lower the rates of psychosomatic disorders and the total burden of mental health (and vice versa). CONCLUSION: Results showed that younger elderly, living in urban areas and not experiencing any other chronic health conditions, have higher levels of spirituality compared to older. Also, a negative correlation was found between spirituality and mental health.

Psychometric properties of the workplace psychologically violent behaviors-WPVB instrument. Translation and validation in Greek Health Professionals.

BACKGROUND: Mobbing exerts severe psychological and occupational effects on the victim. This study aims to validate the Yildirim & Yildirim's Workplace Psychologically Violent Behaviors (WPVB) instrument (2008) in the Greek language in Greece, as cultural variations may result in significantly different perceptions of mobbing. METHODOLOGY: A translation process of the WPVB questionnaire scale was followed from the English to the Greek version and a review by a team of experts for its content validity took place, as well. Principal component analysis took place and the Cronbach's index was 0.95. The cross sectional, quantitative study was performed in 1536 health professionals (HPs), working in 11 public hospitals for at least one year with response rate of 76.8%. RESULTS: Factor analysis revealed two factors, and 31-item construct, compared to the four factors and the 33-item construct of the original version of the tool. All items were found to have a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.001). Median score was 0.48. Whereas 25% of answers score was above 1.00, thus suggesting significant mobbing in around 25% of HPs. Association of WPVBs subscales with sex and occupation are had lower values in women as compared to men. Lower scores on "Attack on personality" and "Total mobbing" score were recorded in nurses as compared to doctors. Doctors had lower scores on "Individual's isolation from work" as compared to administrative personnel, while had greater scores on "Individual's isolation from work" as compared to technicians. Nurses had significantly lower scores on "Attack on professional status", "Individual's isolation from work", "Direct attack" and "Total mobbing" score as compared to administrative personnel. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights that the phenomenon of mobbing exists in Greek HPs regardless of age, gender, level of study and negatively affects their lives. Focusing on improving this area, is expected to promote occupational health and safety of these workers.

Factors Associated with Psychological Distress in University Students and the Relation to Emotional Intelligent and Spirituality: a Cross-sectional Study.

INTRODUCTION: Psychological health is the expression of harmonic expression of human's personality and is often disrupted by multiple factors. Especially during academic years, human has to confront various stressful situations that endanger his Psychological health. Enhanced levels of Emotional Intelligence and Spirituality may act protectively enhancing his ability to manipulate his emotions and his existential anxieties. AIM: The present study aims to assess psychological distress in university students and test if emotional intelligence and spirituality are related. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was employed. The sample comprised 206 students attending in different Departments of the University of Thessaly. RESULTS: From the total of 206 students the majority were women (n=157, 76,2%) while 23,8% were men. Regarding the mean of age of the participants was found to be 30.1 ±7.15 with a minimum 18 and maximum at 44 years. Factors such as gender, living arrangement and financial frustration can affect psychological distress. The results indicated, a positive link was found among Emotional Intelligence and various factors of Spirituality and Psychological health. CONCLUSIONS: The contribution of Emotional Intelligence and Spirituality is crucial to the acquisition of well-being, happiness and meaning in life.

The impact of education on knowledge, adherence and quality of life among patients on haemodialysis.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of an educational intervention on the level of knowledge, quality of life (QoL) and adherence to the treatment regimen among haemodialysis (HD) patients as well as to describe the association between these variables. METHODS: In this quasi-experimental interventional study, 50 HD patients at a HD centre in Western Attica were randomly assigned into intervention (N = 25, received education and a booklet) and control (N = 25, received only the booklet) groups. Knowledge, adherence and quality of life were measured pre- and post-intervention using the Kidney Disease Questionnaire, the GR-Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire-HD and Missoula Vitas Quality of Life Index-15, respectively. The statistical analysis of the data was performed with the help of the Statistical Program SPSS version 19.0. The statistical significance level was set up at 0.05. RESULTS: The increase of knowledge, adherence and QoL levels in the intervention group was significantly higher compared to the control group. There was no significant correlation between knowledge and adherence scores after the intervention. However, a significant positive correlation was found between the change in the overall QoL and the changes in the total adherence score as well as the adherence to the fluids and dietary behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: An educational intervention can improve knowledge, adherence and QoL among HD patients. The increase of knowledge level is not associated with increased adherence. However, the increase of adherence may improve some dimensions of QoL.

Assessment of the relation between religiosity, mental health, and psychological resilience in breast cancer patients.

AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between religiosity, mental health, and psychological resilience in breast cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in an oncology department of a hospital in northern Greece during February and March 2017. The sample consisted of 152 breast cancer patients. Data were collected with the following instruments: Patient Health Questionnaire two-item scale, Generalised Anxiety Disorder two-item scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 25, and Centrality of Religiosity Scale. Also, patients' characteristics were included, specifically demographic, social, and clinical information. Statistical analyses were conducted with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences V25. RESULTS: According to our results, approximately 1 out of 3 patients had depression and anxiety. Also, the sample had moderate resilience and were moderately religious. Patients who were classified as end-stage cancer patients and those who underwent mastectomy found to be more religious. Religiosity correlated positively with the resilience, while no correlation was found with depression, anxiety, and symptom burden. Based on regression results, religious beliefs seem to be a predictive factor for resilience and resilience is a predictive factor for depression. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that there was no association between religiosity and mental health, while a strong relation was highlighted between religious beliefs and psychological resilience. This study should constitute a starting point for further assessments regarding the fact that religiosity can provide social support that facilitates psychological adaption to illness and helps cancer patients to cope with their illness, which should be recognised by health care professionals.