Desarrollo del programa de atención específica al trastorno psicótico incipiente en Benito Menni Casm / No disponible

La atención a las personas que han desarrollado o pueden llegar a desarrollar una psicosis incipiente debe realizarse de forma precoz. Por ello, la detección es el paso fundamental, seguida del diagnóstico, tratamiento y recuperación de la persona. Todas estas intervenciones transversales son realizadas por diferentes profesionales sanitarios y no sanitarios ubicados en dispositivos diferentes y de entidades proveedoras dispares, lo cual requiere la creación de alianzas y trabajo en red bajo el paraguas de una Unidad Funcional que permita situar a la persona en el centro para que pueda recibir la atención más necesaria en cada momento siguiendo su proyecto vital. Dicha Unidad Funcional debe ser territorial, transversal y comunitaria. En este artículo mostramos el proceso que se ha seguido en la creación de las unidades funcionales del Programa de Atención Específica al Trastorno Psicótico Incipiente (PAE- TPI), así como las comisiones de seguimiento y los resultados preliminares para cada uno de los sectores de referencia de Benito Menni CASM (L'Hospitalet, Sant Boi y Vallès Oriental)

Attention to people who have developed or may develop an incipient psychosis should be done early. Therefore, detection is the fundamental step, followed by diagnosis, treatment and recovery of the person. All these cross-cutting interventions are carried out by different health and non-health professionals, who work in different services and from different providers. The creation of a Functional Unit have two main aims: to reach a professional networking as well as to offer a personalized intervention and a long term monitoring to the target patients of the program. This Functional Unit must be territorial, transversal and community based. In this article we show the process that has been followed in order to create the functional units and the monitoring work commissions of the "Program of Specific Attention to the Incipient Psychotic Disorder", as well as inform about the preliminary results of the three reference population areas assisted by Benito Menni CASM (L'Hospitalet, Sant Boi and Vallès Oriental)

Active bilingualism delays the onset of mild cognitive impairment.

Lifelong bilingualism may contribute to cognitive reserve (CR) in neurodegenerative diseases as shown by a delay of the age at symptom onset in bilinguals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). However, some studies have failed to show this bilingual advantage, suggesting that it might depend on the type and degree of bilingualism. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that active bilingualism, defined as the continuous use of the two languages as opposed to second language exposition only, may protect against cognitive decline. Moreover, we investigated whether bilingualism as a CR factor may be explained by an advantage within the executive control (EC) system. To do so, we collected clinical measures (age at onset of cognitive symptoms, age at the first medical visit for cognitive impairments, and age at diagnosis) in patients with MCI and patients with AD with different degrees of language experience and usage of Catalan and Spanish. Additionally, all participants were tested on four EC tasks and one long-term memory recognition task. First, results from multiple regression analyses showed that active bilingualism was a significant predictor of delay in the age at onset for all the clinical measures in MCI, but not AD patients. Second, the effect of active bilingualism was independent of occupation, educational level and job attainment across the individuals' lifespan. Finally, although we did not find an effect of active bilingualism across all EC tasks, we did find an effect for conflict resolution. These results are discussed in the context of CR hypotheses, suggesting that compensatory mechanisms may play a role in protecting against cognitive decline.

The missing link between faces and names: evidence from Alzheimer's disease patients.

Retrieval of proper names is a cause of concern and complaint among elderly adults and it is an early symptom of patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). While it is well established that AD patients have deficits of proper name retrieval, the nature of such impairment is not yet fully understood. Specifically, it is unknown whether this deficit is due to a degradation of the links between faces and proper names, or due to deficits in intentionally accessing and retrieving proper names from faces. Here, we aim to investigate the integrity of the links between famous faces and proper names in AD while minimizing the impact of the explicit retrieval. We compare the performances of AD patients and elderly controls in a face-name priming task. We assess the integrity of the link between faces and names at two different levels: identity level - the name and face belong to the same person; and semantic level - the name and face belong to the same category (e.g., politicians). Our results reveal that AD patients compared with controls show intact semantic priming but reduced priming for person identity. This suggests that the deficits in intentionally retrieving proper names in AD are the result of a partial disruption of the network at the identity level, i.e., the links between known faces and proper names.

On the parallel deterioration of lexico-semantic processes in the bilinguals' two languages: evidence from Alzheimer's disease.

In this article we aimed to assess how Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is neurodegenerative, affects the linguistic performance of early, high-proficient bilinguals in their two languages. To this end, we compared the Picture Naming and Word Translation performances of two groups of AD patients varying in disease progression (Mild and Moderate) with that of bilingual individuals diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The results revealed that the linguistic deterioration caused by AD affected the two languages similarly. We also found that cognate status and word frequency were two major determinants of language performance in all three groups of participants. These results are consistent with the notion of a common neural substrate recruited to represent and process the two languages of high-proficient bilinguals.

Intervención psicológica y psiquiátrica en emergencias. Propuesta de un modelo de actuación / Psychological and psychiatric intervention in emergencies. A psychosocial model of management

Tanto los desastres naturales como los provocados por el hombre afectan a miles de personas cada año. Los efectos de los desastres sobre la salud física están bien descritos, pero en qué grado estos desastres afectan a la salud mental todavía se debate hoy día, si bien muchos estudios muestran evidencias de la aparición de secuelas psicológicas que son el resultado del estrés causado directamente por el desastre y por la discontinuidad de la vida comunitaria y pérdida de rol social. Después de un desastre se ha descrito la aparición de estrés post-traumático, depresión, insomnio, ansiedad y otros problemas como el abuso de tóxicos o violencia doméstica. En este trabajo presentamos nuestro programa para el abordaje de víctimas de desastres. Nuestro programa de intervención psicoterapéutica y social está incluido en un modelo de intervención biopsicosocial en situaciones de emergencia. Presentamos los protocolos para la intervención inicial, detección y actuación a medio y largo plazo de las necesidades psicológicas y sociales de las víctimas y actuantes. Prevención primaria (pre-desastre): Formación de los profesionales y elaboración de protocolos de actuación. Prevención secundaria (durante el desastre): Detección de los afectados e intervención psicológica y social por profesionales de la salud mental y del trabajo social. Prevención terciaria (después del desastre): Informe final de la actuación, seguimiento a medio y largo plazo de les víctimas, grupos de debriefing para profesionales actuantes, grupos de autoayuda para víctimas (AU)