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Background: Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders. The prevalence of constipation is rapidly increasing globally. It has adverse effects on the patient's quality of life including productivity and results in a high financial hardship on the healthcare system. The aim of the study was to estimate the symptoms and prevalence of constipation among the adult population of Bangladesh. Materials and methods: It was a cross-sectional observational study based on a structured questionnaire and a checklist. In this study, three criteria were used for the diagnosis of chronic constipation (self-reported perception, Rome III criteria, and Bristol's criteria). The study was conducted among 1,550 population between July 2019 and December 2019. Result: The study population consisted of 1,550 respondents, among them 41.61% male and 58.39% female, and the mean age was 32.71 ± 9.72 years. In the study, 12.2% of the population was categorized to have constipation according to self-reported perception, 11.2% according to Rome III, and 10.3% reported to have been suffering from constipation according to Bristol chart.Female gender tends to have a greater prevalence than male. In multivariate analysis for constipation, betel nut chewer, alcohol consumer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, GI surgery, and bronchial asthma were significantly (p < 0.001) associated with constipation. According to Bristol's criteria, the most common stool form was Type III (sausage-shaped with cracked surface) among the Bangladeshi population in this study. Conclusion: Chronic constipation is a common problem worldwide. The findings of this study suggest that there is a high prevalence of constipation among the general population of Bangladesh. Decreasing modifiable risk factors of constipation can reduce its prevalence and burden of the disease. Bangladesh is markedly deficient in literature citing constipation prevalence and determinants. These findings may commence a call for setting priority as one of the major public health problems and demanding attention for both at the clinical and community levels. How to cite this article: Ghosh DK, Sarkar DK, Nath M, et al. Symptoms and Prevalence of Constipation among Adult Population of Bangladesh. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2023;13(2):45-49.
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BACKGROUND: Treatment of acute organophosphorus (OP) insecticide poisoning is difficult, with many patients dying despite best care. Pre-clinical studies have shown benefit from salbutamol, possibly due speeding alveolar fluid clearance or reducing bronchoconstriction. In this small pilot dose-response study, we aimed to explore whether addition of nebulized salbutamol to standard care might improve resuscitation. METHODS: We performed a single-blind phase II study comparing the effect of two different doses of nebulized salbutamol versus saline placebo, in addition to standard treatment. Primary outcome was oxygen saturations over the first 60 min of resuscitation; secondary outcomes included heart rate, incidence of dysrhythmias, time to 'atropinization', atropine dose required, and mortality. RESULT: Seventy-five patients were randomized to receive 5 mg (Salb5, n = 25) or 2.5mg (Salb2.5, n = 25) of salbutamol, or saline placebo (NoSalb, n = 25), by nebulizer. Oxygen saturations did not differ between groups over the first 60 min of resuscitation (median AUC NoSalb: 1376 [95% CI 1282 to 1470], Salb2.5: 1395 [1305 to 1486], Salb5: 1233 [1100 to 1367]; p = .9898). Heart rate was also similar across the three arms. Median time to full atropinization, and atropine dose required, were the same for all three arms (NoSalb 15.0 [10-16] min and 12.6 [8.0-13.4] mg, Salb2.5 15.0 [10-16] min and 12.6 [9.3-16.8] mg, and Salb5 15.0 [10-20] min and 12.6 [10.7-20.6] mg; p = .4805 and p = .1871, respectively). Three (12%) patients died in the Salb2.5 and Salb5 groups and two (8%) in the NoSalb group. CONCLUSION: This pilot study, within the limitations of its small size and variation between patients, found no apparent evidence that administration of nebulized salbutamol improved resuscitation of patients with acute OP insecticide self-poisoning. The data obtained provides a basis to design further studies to ultimately test the role of salbutamol in OP insecticide poisoning.
