Prevalence of Pneumatized Articular Tubercle Using Panoramic Radiography and Cone Beam-Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Study.

CONTEXT: In 1985, Tyndall and Matteson first described the air cells that occur in the root of zygomatic arch and in the articular eminence of the temporal bone but do not extend beyond the zygomaticotemporal suture. AIMS: The aim is to study the prevalence and patterns of pneumatized articular tubercle (PAT) retrospectively using two different imaging modalities, i.e., digital panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Total 3000 panoramic radiographs belonging to 1291 females and 1709 males and CBCT scans of 200 patients belonging to 62 females and 138 males were studied retrospectively and investigated for radiographic features of pneumatized articular tubercle. RESULTS: Prevalence found by using panoramic radiography is 1.96% and by using CBCT is 12.5%. CONCLUSIONS: This research scrutinizes the prevalence of pneumatized articular tubercle and establishes the prevalence of the same among the studied population, using panoramic radiography and CBCT.

The clinico-radiological spectrum of masseteric venous malformation: Case report.

Due to its location, intra-masseteric venous malformation often mistaken for a parotid swelling and clinical examination alone frequently underestimates the deep extension of the lesion and rarely gives accurate pre-operative diagnosis. But once it is diagnosed, the feasibility of the treatment and the plan of approach depend on accurate delineation of the extent, size and location of the lesion. Therefore, complimentary radiographic studies are essential for its management. In this case report, typical features of venous malformation within the masseter muscle, including clinical findings (turkey wattle sign) and imaging are presented. Ultrasonography and CT scan were non-contributory in the diagnosis, while on MRI, masseteric venous malformations have a typical appearance that allowed early identification, patient education and its management.

Classical presentation of Gardner's syndrome in an Indian patient: A case report.

Gardner's syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by the presence of colonic polyposis, osteomas, and a multitude of soft-tissue tumors. Dental anomalies are present in estimated 30% of all affected individuals of Gardner's syndrome, so dental professionals play an important role in determining the early signs of the syndrome. The intestinal polyps have a 100% risk of undergoing malignant transformation if not treated thus, early diagnosis and regular surveillance are important. In this report, we describe classical presentation of Gardner's syndrome in a patient who presented with bilateral swellings on palate along with multiple impacted teeth.

Oral manifestations of secondary hyperparathyroidism: A case report.

There are a number of systemic diseases causing bony lesions throughout the body. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) which is associated with chronic renal failure is one such disorder resulting in a variety of bony changes. Secondary HPT develops when the parathyroid hormone is continuously produced in response to chronic low levels of serum calcium, a situation usually associated with the chronic renal disease. Here we present a case of secondary HPT causing bony changes in maxilla and mandible.

Leprous macrocheilia: A rare clinical presentation.

Oral leprosy, a granulomatous disease is classified under the term oro-facial granulomatosis which comprises a group of diseases characterized by noncaseating granulomas affecting the soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region. The most common clinical presentation of oro-facial granulomatous conditions is persistent swelling of one or both lips. Due to its rare incidence and clinical findings overlapping with other granulomatous conditions such as sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease, and cheilitis granulomatosa; it is practically difficult for a dental surgeon to easily diagnose this condition. This study presents a case of leprosy causing macrocheilia as the only clinical presentation and diagnosed initially as Miescher's cheilitis based on exclusion criteria.

Vasodilator isoxsuprine alleviates symptoms of oral submucous fibrosis.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of vasodilator isoxsuprine to dexamethasone with hyaluronidase injections and physiotherapy in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients with oral submucous fibrosis were randomly assigned into three groups. Group A patients (n = 15) received 10 mg isoxsuprine tablets four times per day, group B (n = 15) biweekly dexamethasone with hyaluronidase intralesional injections, and group C (n = 10) placebo tablets. In addition, all patients were instructed physiotherapy exercises. The treatment time was 6 weeks and patients were followed-up for 4 months thereafter. The effect of the treatment was evaluated by measurements of inter-incisal distance and oral burning sensation and evaluation of histological findings of the diseased mucosa. RESULTS: Mouth opening increased and burning sensation decreased significantly in all groups, but the effects were significantly greater in groups receiving either oral isoxsuprine or dexamethasone with hyaluronidase injections in addition to physiotherapy. The decrease in burning sensation occurred more rapidly in patients receiving intralesional dexamethasone with hyaluronidase. Histological improvement was not observed in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Oral isoxsuprine as well as dexamethasone with hyaluronidase injections combined to physiotherapy alleviate symptoms of oral submucous fibrosis significantly more efficiently than physiotherapy alone. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Oral isoxsuprine can be considered as a new candidate drug for the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis. Physiotherapy exercises provide relief of symptoms and should be instructed to all patients.

Slowly growing swelling on body of the mandible with paresthesia on lower lip.

A 23-year-old female patient reported with the chief complaint of swelling on the lower left posterior teeth region of the jaw and paresthesia of left lower lip of 6 months of duration. On the basis of clinical findings and conventional radiographic features, odontogenic tumor or cyst was suspected. Advanced imaging i.e. CT scan, Denta Scan, MRI further provided the exact nature, extent and location of the lesion and later on by histopathological examination, it was diagnosed as an intraosseous schwannoma of the mandible. In this clinicopathologic conference section, elaborate differential diagnosis and radiological features of this rare case is presented.

Lipomatosis: a diverse form of hemifacial hyperplasia.

A case of hemifacial hyperplasia that presented with muscular, skeletal, and dental hyperplasia along with lipomatous infiltration was described. Advanced imaging was useful in identifying the lipomatous infiltration present in the lesion, which raises the possibility of lipomatosis having a diverse presentation in hemifacial hyperplasia. As there was a scarcity of related literature in the field of dentomaxillofacial radiology, this report would make us familiar with its computed tomographic and magnetic resonance image findings.

Computed tomographic features of fibrous dysplasia of maxillofacial region.

PURPOSE: This study was to find the computed tomographic features of fibrous dysplasia of the maxillofacial region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All eight cases included in the study reported either to Government Dental College and Hospital or Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai between 2003 and 2009. The patients were prescribed computed tomogram in addition to conventional radiographs of maxillofacial region which were studied for characteristic features of fibrous dysplasia. The diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia was confirmed by histopathological report. RESULTS: All cases showed the ill-defined margins of lesions except in the region where the lesions were extending to cortex of the involved bone. Internal structure of all cases showed ground glass appearance. Four cases of maxillary lesion showed the displacement of maxillary sinus maintaining the shape of maxillary sinus. Two cases showed complete obliteration of maxillary sinus. Displacement of inferior alveolar canal did not follow any typical pattern in any of the cases but was displaced in different directions. CONCLUSION: The craniofacial type of fibrous dysplasia is as common as fibrous dysplasia of jaw. The margins, extent, internal structure and effect on surrounding structure are well detected on computed tomographic images.

Peripheral ossifying fibroma in the oral cavity: MRI findings.

The peripheral ossifying fibroma, a benign gingival overgrowth, occurs mainly in the anterior portion of the maxilla in young adults. The size of the lesion is usually less than 1.5 cm. We report a case of peripheral ossifying fibroma overlying the mandibular alveolar ridge of a 55-year-old female. MR scans showed a large exophytic soft tissue mass overlying mandibular alveolar ridge. The tumor revealed peripheral calcifications with slight erosion of adjacent cortical plate.