Nanomaterial-assisted molecularly imprinted polymer strategies for highly sensitive and selective determination of cefdinir and its validation using computational approach.

In this study, the first nanomaterial-supported molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based electrochemical approach was proposed to achieve the successful detection of cefdinir (CFD). Here, p-amino benzoic acid (p-ABA) was used as the monomer and the photopolymerization method was chosen to form MIP on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were added to the MIP sensor to increase sensitivity and create high porosity. Through the use of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), characterization investigations confirmed the alterations at each stage of the MIP production process. Electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods were used for study the characterization studies of the MIP-based nanocomposite sensor. The measurement of MIP parameters, such as the addition of nanoparticles, the removal procedure, the rebinding period, the monomer ratio, etc., was done using the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The findings showed that when ZnO NPs were added, the signal was three times higher than when MIPs were used alone. Under the optimized conditions, CFD/4-ABA@ZnONPs/MIP/GCE showed a linear response in the concentration range between 7.5 pM and 100 pM with LOD and LOQ values of 2.06 pM and 6.86 pM, respectively. Anions, cations, and substances including uric acid, ascorbic acid, paracetamol, and dopamine were all used in the selectivity test. In addition, the imprinting factor (IF) study was carried out using compounds such as cefuroxime, cefazolin, cefixime, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone, which have structural similarities with CFD, as well as impurities such as thiazolylacetyl glycine oxime (IMP-A), thiazolylacetyl glycine oxime acetal (IMP-B), and cefdinir lactone (IMP-E). The results showed that the proposed sensor was selective for CFD, as evidenced by the relative IF values of these impurities. The recovery studies of CFD were successfully applied to tablet dosage form samples, and the developed sensor demonstrated significant sensitivity and selectivity for rapid detection of CFD in tablet dosage form.

Proj2Proj: self-supervised low-dose CT reconstruction.

In Computed Tomography (CT) imaging, one of the most serious concerns has always been ionizing radiation. Several approaches have been proposed to reduce the dose level without compromising the image quality. With the emergence of deep learning, thanks to the increasing availability of computational power and huge datasets, data-driven methods have recently received a lot of attention. Deep learning based methods have also been applied in various ways to address the low-dose CT reconstruction problem. However, the success of these methods largely depends on the availability of labeled data. On the other hand, recent studies showed that training can be done successfully without the need for labeled datasets. In this study, a training scheme was defined to use low-dose projections as their own training targets. The self-supervision principle was applied in the projection domain. The parameters of a denoiser neural network were optimized through self-supervised training. It was shown that our method outperformed both traditional and compressed sensing-based iterative methods, and deep learning based unsupervised methods, in the reconstruction of analytic CT phantoms and human CT images in low-dose CT imaging. Our method's reconstruction quality is also comparable to a well-known supervised method.

Opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence and distributed systems to improve the quality of healthcare service.

The healthcare sector, characterized by vast datasets and many diseases, is pivotal in shaping community health and overall quality of life. Traditional healthcare methods, often characterized by limitations in disease prevention, predominantly react to illnesses after their onset rather than proactively averting them. The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has ushered in a wave of transformative applications designed to enhance healthcare services, with Machine Learning (ML) as a noteworthy subset of AI. ML empowers computers to analyze extensive datasets, while Deep Learning (DL), a specific ML methodology, excels at extracting meaningful patterns from these data troves. Despite notable technological advancements in recent years, the full potential of these applications within medical contexts remains largely untapped, primarily due to the medical community's cautious stance toward novel technologies. The motivation of this paper lies in recognizing the pivotal role of the healthcare sector in community well-being and the necessity for a shift toward proactive healthcare approaches. To our knowledge, there is a notable absence of a comprehensive published review that delves into ML, DL and distributed systems, all aimed at elevating the Quality of Service (QoS) in healthcare. This study seeks to bridge this gap by presenting a systematic and organized review of prevailing ML, DL, and distributed system algorithms as applied in healthcare settings. Within our work, we outline key challenges that both current and future developers may encounter, with a particular focus on aspects such as approach, data utilization, strategy, and development processes. Our study findings reveal that the Internet of Things (IoT) stands out as the most frequently utilized platform (44.3 %), with disease diagnosis emerging as the predominant healthcare application (47.8 %). Notably, discussions center significantly on the prevention and identification of cardiovascular diseases (29.2 %). The studies under examination employ a diverse range of ML and DL methods, along with distributed systems, with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) being the most commonly used (16.7 %), followed by Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks (14.6 %) and shallow learning networks (12.5 %). In evaluating QoS, the predominant emphasis revolves around the accuracy parameter (80 %). This study highlights how ML, DL, and distributed systems reshape healthcare. It contributes to advancing healthcare quality, bridging the gap between technology and medical adoption, and benefiting practitioners and patients.

Evaluation of Foot Deformities in Patients With Ingrown Nails.

INTRODUCTION: Ingrown nail is a condition caused by the perforation of the periungual soft tissues on nail folds by the sides of nail plaque, causing inflammation and severe pain. Recently, the role of foot anatomical disorders in ingrown nail development has been emphasized. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study aimed to determine whether foot deformities played significant roles in ingrown nail development with objective radiological parameters. METHODS: The study included 64 patients diagnosed with clinical ingrown nail and 71 patients as controls without any ingrown nail history. In both groups, we evaluated the bilateral foot radiographs of patients with ingrown nails for hallux valgus angle (HVA), interphalangeal angle (IPA), and intermetatarsal angle (IMA) associated with hallux valgus, and the calcaneal pitch angle (CPA), talohorizontal angle (THA), and talometatarsal angle (TMA) related to pes planus. RESULTS: No significant difference was found in terms of hallux valgus radiological measurements of HVA, IPA and IMA as well as pes planus radiological measurements of CPA and TMA values, when compared to controls. THA was statistically significantly higher in the control group (P = 0.025). There was a moderate strength positive relationship between ingrown nail stage and measured TMA for pes planus diagnosis (rho = 0.326; P = 0.04), yet there are no significant correlations between ingrown nail stage and other angles. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, we do not recommend foot anatomy correction in the prevention and treatment of ingrown nails, unless there is an accompanying foot deformity; however, pes planus is a foot deformity that can accompany patients with severely ingrown nails.

Small Warriors of Nature: Novel Red Emissive Chlorophyllin Carbon Dots Harnessing Fenton-Fueled Ferroptosis for In Vitro and In Vivo Cancer Treatment.

The appeal of carbon dots (CDs) has grown recently, due to their established biocompatibility, adjustable photoluminescence properties, and excellent water solubility. For the first time in the literature, copper chlorophyllin-based carbon dots (Chl-D CDs) are successfully synthesized. Chl-D CDs exhibit unique spectroscopic traits and are found to induce a Fenton-like reaction, augmenting photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacies via ferroptotic and apoptotic pathways. To bolster the therapeutic impact of Chl-D CDs, a widely used cancer drug, temozolomide, is linked to their surface, yielding a synergistic effect with PDT and chemotherapy. Chl-D CDs' biocompatibility in immune cells and in vivo models showed great clinical potential.Proteomic analysis was conducted to understand Chl-D CDs' underlying cancer treatment mechanism. The study underscores the role of reactive oxygen species formation and pointed toward various oxidative stress modulators like aldolase A (ALDOA), aldolase C (ALDOC), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1B1 (ALDH1B1), transaldolase 1 (TALDO1), and transketolase (TKT), offering a deeper understanding of the Chl-D CDs' anticancer activity. Notably, the Chl-D CDs' capacity to trigger a Fenton-like reaction leads to enhanced PDT efficiencies through ferroptotic and apoptotic pathways. Hence, it is firmly believed that the inherent attributes of Chl-CDs can lead to a secure and efficient combined cancer therapy.

Ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor system for determination of autologous SOX2 antibody.

Lung cancer is mainly seen as the cancer type in the world. Lung cancer causes the death of many people. It is classified as large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), and adenocarcinoma by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive type of cancer, accounting for approximately 20% of all cases. By performing the serological analysis of expression cDNA libraries (SEREX), the humoral immune response of SCLC patients is determined. SEREX of SCLC cell lines using pooled sera of SCLC patients led to the isolation of SOX2 genes. The between SOX2 antigen expression intensity and autologous antibody presence has a significant correlation because SOX2 is the main antigen eliciting anti-SOX responses. Electrochemical biosensors take much attention because of their simplicity, selectivity, and sensitivity in clinical analysis. Antibody-based surface recognizes antibody-specific antigens. This work aims to fabricate an immunosensor for determining autologous SOX2 antibodies using a multi-walled carbon nanotube-modified screen-printed electrode (DRP-MWCNT). All immobilization processes were evaluated with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The critical parameters were optimized, such as EDC/NHS concentration and time, SOX2 protein concentration and incubation time, BSA ratio, BSA blocking time, and anti-SOX2 antibody incubation time. The developed immunosensor, under optimal conditions, shows a linear response of autologous SOX2 antibody between 0.005 ng.mL-1 and 0.1 ng.mL-1. The limit of detection and quantification were 0.001 and 0.004 ng.mL-1, respectively. The electrode morphologies were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Lastly, the developed immunosensor was applied to a synthetic serum sample, and the linear range was compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

An innovative method for the detection of alpha synuclein, a potential biomarker of Parkinson's disease: quartz tuning fork-based mass sensitive immunosensor design.

An innovative biosensing fabrication strategy has been demonstrated for the first time using a quartz tuning fork (QTF) to develop a practical immunosensor for sensitive, selective and practical analysis of alpha synuclein protein (SYN alpha), a potential biomarker of Parkinson's disease. Functionalization of gold-coated QTFs was carried out in 2 steps by forming a self-assembled monolayer with 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) and conjugation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The selective determination range for SYN alpha of the developed biosensor system is 1-500 ng mL-1 in accordance with the resonance frequency shifts associated with a limit of detection of 0.098 ng mL-1. The changes in surface morphology and elemental composition were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The remarkable point of the study is that this QTF based mass sensitive biosensor system can capture the SYN alpha target protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples with recoveries ranging from 92% to 104%.

Multiple immunoassay interference in a patient with falsely elevated calcitonin

SUMMARY Calcitonin (CT) is a diagnostic and follow-up marker of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Heterophile antibodies (HAbs) may interfere during immunometric assay measurements and result in falsely high CT levels and different markers. A 50-year-old female patient was referred to our institution for elevated CT levels (3,199 pg/mL [0-11,5]). Physical examination and thyroid ultrasonography show no thyroid nodules. Because of the discrepancy between the clinical picture and the laboratory results, various markers and hormones were examined to determine whether there was any interference in the immunometric assay. Thyroglobulin (Tg) and Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels were also found inaccurately elevated. After precipitation with polyethylene glycol, CT, Tg, and ACTH levels markedly decreased, showing macro-aggregates. Also, serial dilutions showed non-linearity in plasma concentrations. Additionally, CT samples were pretreated with a heterophilic blocking tube before measuring, and the CT level decreased to < 0.1 pg/mL, suggesting a HAb presence. Immunoassay interference should be considered when conflicting laboratory data are observed. This may help reduce the amount of unnecessary laboratory and imaging studies and prevent patients from complex diagnostic procedures.

Synergized photothermal therapy and magnetic field induced hyperthermia via bismuthene for lung cancer combinatorial treatment.

Thanks to its intrinsic properties, two-dimensional (2D) bismuth (bismuthene) can serve as a multimodal nanotherapeutic agent for lung cancer acting through multiple mechanisms, including photothermal therapy (PTT), magnetic field-induced hyperthermia (MH), immunogenic cell death (ICD), and ferroptosis. To investigate this possibility, we synthesized bismuthene from the exfoliation of 3D layered bismuth, prepared through a facile method that we developed involving surfactant-assisted chemical reduction, with a specific focus on improving its magnetic properties. The bismuthene nanosheets showed high in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activity after simultaneous light and magnetic field exposure in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Only when light and magnetic field are applied together, we can achieve the highest anti-cancer activity compared to the single treatment groups. We have further shown that ICD-dependent mechanisms were involved during this combinatorial treatment strategy. Beyond ICD, bismuthene-based PTT and MH also resulted in an increase in ferroptosis mechanisms both in vitro and in vivo, in addition to apoptotic pathways. Finally, hemolysis in human whole blood and a wide variety of assays in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells indicated that the bismuthene nanosheets were biocompatible and did not alter immune function. These results showed that bismuthene has the potential to serve as a biocompatible platform that can arm multiple therapeutic approaches against lung cancer.

Multiple immunoassay interference in a patient with falsely elevated calcitonin.

Calcitonin (CT) is a diagnostic and follow-up marker of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Heterophile antibodies (HAbs) may interfere during immunometric assay measurements and result in falsely high CT levels and different markers. A 50-year-old female patient was referred to our institution for elevated CT levels (3,199 pg/mL [0-11,5]). Physical examination and thyroid ultrasonography show no thyroid nodules. Because of the discrepancy between the clinical picture and the laboratory results, various markers and hormones were examined to determine whether there was any interference in the immunometric assay. Thyroglobulin (Tg) and Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels were also found inaccurately elevated. After precipitation with polyethylene glycol, CT, Tg, and ACTH levels markedly decreased, showing macro-aggregates. Also, serial dilutions showed non-linearity in plasma concentrations. Additionally, CT samples were pretreated with a heterophilic blocking tube before measuring, and the CT level decreased to < 0.1 pg/mL, suggesting a HAb presence. Immunoassay interference should be considered when conflicting laboratory data are observed. This may help reduce the amount of unnecessary laboratory and imaging studies and prevent patients from complex diagnostic procedures.

Evaluating the conversion degree of interim restorative materials produced by different 3-dimensional printer technologies.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Three-dimensional (3D) printers are a relatively new technology, but the degree of conversion (DC) of the resin specimens produced by using this method is currently unknown. However, the DC of resin interim restorative materials is critical for their biocompatibility and physical properties. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the DC of interim restorative materials produced by using different 3D printer technologies and compare them with conventionally manufactured polymethyl methacrylate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Stereolithography, digital light processing, and liquid crystal display 3D printers were used as experimental groups, and a conventional (C) method was used as the control. Five different 3D printers (DWS Systems, Formlabs [FL], Asiga, Mega, and Vega) were included. The 3D printed specimens were designed in a rectangular prism geometry (10×4×2.5 mm) by using a computer-aided design software program (Materialise 3-matic) and printed with a layer thickness of 50 µm in the horizontal direction (n=15). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra were measured in 3 steps: the liquid state of the resins, after washing with 99% isopropanol, and after final polymerization. For the C method, FT-IR spectra were assessed in 2 steps: immediately after mixing the liquid and powder and after polymerization. Statistical analysis of the data was performed with 1-way ANOVA followed by the post hoc Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) test (α=.05). RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in DC values between the 3D printed groups (P>.05). There was a statistically significant difference only between FL and the C in terms of DC (P=.042). CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensionally printed interim resin materials found comparable results with those of the C group. The DC was not affected by different 3D printing technologies.

The applications of machine learning techniques in medical data processing based on distributed computing and the Internet of Things.

Medical data processing has grown into a prominent topic in the latest decades with the primary goal of maintaining patient data via new information technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT) and sensor technologies, which generate patient indexes in hospital data networks. Innovations like distributed computing, Machine Learning (ML), blockchain, chatbots, wearables, and pattern recognition can adequately enable the collection and processing of medical data for decision-making in the healthcare era. Particularly, to assist experts in the disease diagnostic process, distributed computing is beneficial by digesting huge volumes of data swiftly and producing personalized smart suggestions. On the other side, the current globe is confronting an outbreak of COVID-19, so an early diagnosis technique is crucial to lowering the fatality rate. ML systems are beneficial in aiding radiologists in examining the incredible amount of medical images. Nevertheless, they demand a huge quantity of training data that must be unified for processing. Hence, developing Deep Learning (DL) confronts multiple issues, such as conventional data collection, quality assurance, knowledge exchange, privacy preservation, administrative laws, and ethical considerations. In this research, we intend to convey an inclusive analysis of the most recent studies in distributed computing platform applications based on five categorized platforms, including cloud computing, edge, fog, IoT, and hybrid platforms. So, we evaluated 27 articles regarding the usage of the proposed framework, deployed methods, and applications, noting the advantages, drawbacks, and the applied dataset and screening the security mechanism and the presence of the Transfer Learning (TL) method. As a result, it was proved that most recent research (about 43%) used the IoT platform as the environment for the proposed architecture, and most of the studies (about 46%) were done in 2021. In addition, the most popular utilized DL algorithm was the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), with a percentage of 19.4%. Hence, despite how technology changes, delivering appropriate therapy for patients is the primary aim of healthcare-associated departments. Therefore, further studies are recommended to develop more functional architectures based on DL and distributed environments and better evaluate the present healthcare data analysis models.

The Diversity in Grapes of Vitis labrusca Grown in Bolu (Türkiye) Assessed by Multivariate Approaches.

The grape is one of the most produced and processed horticultural crops. This study evaluated the grape genetic resource belonging to the Vitis labrusca species. The diversity was assessed according to morphometric, antioxidant, physicochemical, and colorimetric characteristics. The diversity was evaluated using a variation index and multivariate analyses. The bunch weight of the vines exhibited a range from 21.05 g to 162.46 g, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 38.97%. The average bunch weight was 64.74 g. In terms of the berry properties, the highest CV was observed for the berry weight (21.95%). The peel thickness displayed a CV of 36.40%, and an average of 0.23 mm. The CVs for the juice characteristics in the berries of the studied vines were 7.11%, 16.61%, 19.41%, and 28.10% for the pH, TSS, must yield, and TA, respectively. The TPC of the accessions exhibited a notably low variation (CV = 4.63%). The color properties of the accessions displayed an immense variation, except for the L* values. The hierarchical clustering analysis divided the accessions into two main clusters, which both had two subclusters. The multivariate approaches separated individuals into different groups, and they were considered useful tools for utilization in the genetic diversity assessments. Further studies on the cultivation technique and crossbreeding with Vitis vinifera will provide more insights into the population, and this study will be a source for upcoming studies on V. labrusca in the region.

A new lung cancer detection method based on the chest CT images using Federated Learning and blockchain systems.

With an estimated five million fatal cases each year, lung cancer is one of the significant causes of death worldwide. Lung diseases can be diagnosed with a Computed Tomography (CT) scan. The scarcity and trustworthiness of human eyes is the fundamental issue in diagnosing lung cancer patients. The main goal of this study is to detect malignant lung nodules in a CT scan of the lungs and categorize lung cancer according to severity. In this work, cutting-edge Deep Learning (DL) algorithms were used to detect the location of cancerous nodules. Also, the real-life issue is sharing data with hospitals around the world while bearing in mind the organizations' privacy issues. Besides, the main problems for training a global DL model are creating a collaborative model and maintaining privacy. This study presented an approach that takes a modest amount of data from multiple hospitals and uses blockchain-based Federated Learning (FL) to train a global DL model. The data were authenticated using blockchain technology, and FL trained the model internationally while maintaining the organization's anonymity. First, we presented a data normalization approach that addresses the variability of data obtained from various institutions using various CT scanners. Furthermore, using a CapsNets method, we classified lung cancer patients in local mode. Finally, we devised a way to train a global model cooperatively utilizing blockchain technology and FL while maintaining anonymity. We also gathered data from real-life lung cancer patients for testing purposes. The suggested method was trained and tested on the Cancer Imaging Archive (CIA) dataset, Kaggle Data Science Bowl (KDSB), LUNA 16, and the local dataset. Finally, we performed extensive experiments with Python and its well-known libraries, such as Scikit-Learn and TensorFlow, to evaluate the suggested method. The findings showed that the method effectively detects lung cancer patients. The technique delivered 99.69 % accuracy with the smallest possible categorization error.

Effect of Disulfide Bonds on the Thermal Stability of Pediocin: In-silico Screening Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

The thermal stability properties of pediocin at 310, 313, 323, 333, 343, and 348 K (37, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 75°C, respectively) are reported in this study. A theoretical approach, such as the molecular dynamics method, was used to analyze the structure. Molecular dynamics simulation confirms the stability of molecules with Cys. Furthermore, this study reveals that Cys residues play an essential role in structure stability at high temperatures. To understand the structural basis for the stability of pediocin, a detailed in-silico analysis using molecular dynamics simulations to explore the thermal stability profiles of the compounds was conducted. This study shows that thermal effects fundamentally alter the functionally crucial secondary structure of pediocin. However, as previously reported, pediocin's activity was strictly conserved due to the disulfide bond between Cys residues. These findings reveal, for the first time, the dominant factor behind the thermodynamic stability of pediocin.

Low Dose of Ti3 C2 MXene Quantum Dots Mitigate SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

MXene QDs (MQDs) have been effectively used in several fields of biomedical research. Considering the role of hyperactivation of immune system in infectious diseases, especially in COVID-19, MQDs stand as a potential candidate as a nanotherapeutic against viral infections. However, the efficacy of MQDs against SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been tested yet. In this study, Ti3 C2 MQDs are synthesized and their potential in mitigating SARS-CoV-2 infection is investigated.  Physicochemical characterization suggests that MQDs are enriched with abundance of bioactive functional groups such as oxygen, hydrogen, fluorine, and chlorine groups as well as surface titanium oxides. The efficacy of MQDs is tested in VeroE6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2. These data demonstrate that the treatment with MQDs is able to mitigate multiplication of virus particles, only at very low doses such as 0,15 µg mL-1 . Furthermore, to understand the mechanisms of MQD-mediated anti-COVID properties, global proteomics analysis are performed and determined differentially expressed proteins between MQD-treated and untreated cells. Data reveal that MQDs interfere with the viral life cycle through different mechanisms including the Ca2 + signaling pathway, IFN-α response, virus internalization, replication, and translation. These findings suggest that MQDs can be employed to develop future immunoengineering-based nanotherapeutics strategies against SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections.

Clinical features of generalized lipodystrophy in Turkey: A cohort analysis.

AIM: To describe the Turkish generalized lipodystrophy (GL) cohort with the frequency of each complication and the death rate during the period of the follow-up. METHODS: This study reports on 72 patients with GL (47 families) registered at different centres in Turkey that cover all regions of the country. The mean ± SD follow-up was 86 ± 78 months. RESULTS: The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the median time to diagnosis of diabetes and/or prediabetes was 16 years. Hyperglycaemia was not controlled in 37 of 45 patients (82.2%) with diabetes. Hypertriglyceridaemia developed in 65 patients (90.3%). The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the median time to diagnosis of hypertriglyceridaemia was 14 years. Hypertriglyceridaemia was severe (≥ 500 mg/dl) in 38 patients (52.8%). Seven (9.7%) patients suffered from pancreatitis. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the median time to diagnosis of hepatic steatosis was 15 years. Liver disease progressed to cirrhosis in nine patients (12.5%). Liver disease was more severe in congenital lipodystrophy type 2 (CGL2). Proteinuric chronic kidney disease (CKD) developed in 32 patients (44.4%) and cardiac disease in 23 patients (31.9%). Kaplan-Meier estimates of the median time to diagnosis of CKD and cardiac disease were 25 and 45 years, respectively. Females appeared to have a more severe metabolic disease, with an earlier onset of metabolic abnormalities. Ten patients died during the follow-up period. Causes of death were end-stage renal disease, sepsis (because of recurrent intestinal perforations, coronavirus disease, diabetic foot infection and following coronary artery bypass graft surgery), myocardial infarction, heart failure because of dilated cardiomyopathy, stroke, liver complications and angiosarcoma. CONCLUSIONS: Standard treatment approaches have only a limited impact and do not prevent the development of severe metabolic abnormalities and early onset of organ complications in GL.

Electrochemical detection of lactate produced by foodborne presumptive lactic acid bacteria.

The detection of lactate is an important indicator of the freshness, stability, and storage stability of products as well as the degree of fermentation in the food industry. In addition, it can be used as a diagnostic tool in patients' healthcare since it is known that the lactate level in blood increases in some pathological conditions. Thus, the determination of lactate level plays an important role in not only the food industry but also in health fields. As a result, biosensor technologies, which are quick, cheap, and easy to use, have become important for lactate detection. In the current study, amperometric lactate biosensors based on lactate oxidase immobilization (with Nafion 5% wt) were designed and the limit of detection, linear range, and sensitivity values were determined to be 31 µM, 50-350 µM, and 0.04 µA µM-1 cm-2, respectively. Then, it was used for the measurement of lactic acid that produced by six different and morphologically identified presumptive lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which are isolated from different naturally fermented cheese samples. The biosensors were then used to successfully perform lactate measurements within 3 min for each sample, even though a few of them were out of the limit of detection. Thus, electrochemical biosensors should be used as an alternative and quick solutions for the measurement of lactate metabolites rather than the traditional methods which require long working hours. This is the first study to use a biosensor to measure lactate produced by foodborne LAB in a real sample.

SnO2 nanoparticles/waste masks carbon hybrid materials for DNA biosensor application on voltammetric detection of anti-cancer drug pazopanib.

This present study is the first investigation of pazopanib-dsDNA binding using bare and modified GCE. The interaction was mainly evaluated based on the decrease of voltammetric signal of deoxyadenosine by differential pulse voltammetry using three different ways, including the incubated solutions, dsDNA biosensor, and nanobiosensor. The nanobiosensor was fabricated with the help of SnO2 nanoparticles and carbon hybrid material. The carbon material is derived from the waste mask, the most used personal protective equipment for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Both materials were synthesized via the green synthesis technique and characterized by various techniques, including BET, TEM, SEM-EDX, AFM, XPS, and XRD. Spectrophotometric and molecular docking studies also evaluated the pazopanib-dsDNA binding. All calculations showed that pazopanib (PZB) was active in the minor grove region of DNA.

Clinical characteristics and the treatment modalities of Graves' orbitopathy in a tertiary referral center in Turkey: changes over two decades.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes in demographics, clinical findings, and treatment modalities in Graves' orbitopathy (GO) patients at a tertiary referral center in Turkey over the last two decades. METHODS: The clinical data of 752 GO patients were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the first ophthalmic examination date; Group 1(n:344) between January 1998 and December 2007 and Group 2(n:408) between January 2008 and December 2017. RESULTS: The number of nonsmokers was significantly higher in Group 2 (44.0 vs. 26.5%, p < 0.001). The time from the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction and referral to our center was 32.4 months in Group 1 and 34.8 months in Group 2, (p = 0.166). The most common treatment of hyperthyroidism was antithyroid medications. Radioiodine ablation treatment rate was significantly lower in Group 2 (14.8 vs. 9.1%, p < 0.001). The time between the diagnosis of thyroid disease and orbital involvement was 22.0 vs. 26.6 months in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.009). The time elapsed between the diagnosis of orbital disease and referral to our clinic was 21.0 months vs. 22.4 months in Group 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.068). Orbital disease was most commonly mild, and inactive. Mild and moderate to severe GO and the mean Clinical Activity Score significantly increased, and the rate of sight-threatening disease and orbital decompression surgery significantly decreased in Group 2 (p = 0.042; p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Mild and inactive orbital disease was the most common form of GO. The severity of GO is declining over the last two decades in Turkey.