The Effect of Lemon Juice (Citrus limon L.) Treated with Melatonin on the Health Status and Treatment of K14HPV16 Mice.

Lemon is a fruit rich in antioxidant properties and has several health benefits, namely the reduction of skin edema and anticarcinogenic properties, which are due to its high content of bioactive compounds. Melatonin can improve and preserve the properties of lemon for longer and also has health benefits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral administration of lemon juice after melatonin treatment on murinometric parameters of wild-type (WT) mice and transgenic mice carrying human papillomavirus (HPV). Two trials were performed for oral administration of the lemon extract compound: in drinking water and in diet. First of all, lemons were treated by immersion with melatonin at 10 mM. Then, lemons were squeezed, and the juice obtained was freeze-dried and stored to be subsequently added to drinking water or diet, according to the assay. Thus, mice were divided into eight groups in the drink assay (each with n = 5): group 1 (G1, WT, control), group 2 (G2, WT, 1 mL lemon), group 3 (G3, WT, 1.5 mL lemon), group 4 (G4, WT, 2 mL lemon), group 5 (G5, HPV16, control), group 6 (G6, HPV16, 1 mL lemon) group 7 (G6, HPV16, 1.5 mL lemon) and group 8 (G6, HPV16, 2 mL lemon). The diet assay was divided into four groups: group 1 (G1, WT, control), group 2 (G2, WT, 4 mL lemon), group 3 (G3, HPV16, control) and group 4 (G4, HPV16, 4 mL lemon). In the drink assay, the highest concentration of melatonin (308 ng/100 mL) was for groups 4 and 8, while in the food assay, there was only one concentration of melatonin (9.96 ng/g) for groups 2 and 4. Both trials lasted 30 days. During this time, body weight, food and water were recorded. Afterward, they were sacrificed, and samples were collected for different analyses. At the concentrations used, the lemon juice with melatonin had no adverse effects on the animals' health and showed a positive outcome in modifying weight gain and enhancing antioxidant activity in mice. Moreover, a reduction in the incidence of histological lesions was observed in treated animals. Further research is needed to better understand the effects of lemon extract on health and treatment outcomes in this animal model.

Preharvest Elicitors as a Tool to Enhance Bioactive Compounds and Quality of Both Peel and Pulp of Yellow Pitahaya (Selenicereus megalanthus Haw.) at Harvest and during Postharvest Storage.

Yellow pitahaya is a tropical fruit that has gained popularity in recent years. Natural elicitors are compounds that can stimulate the resistance and quality of fruits. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of natural elicitors, methyl salicylate (MeSa), methyl jasmonate (JaMe), salicylic acid (SA) and oxalic acid (OA) at concentrations of 0.1 mM (MeSa and JaMe) and 5 mM (SA and OA), applied to the yellow pitahaya fruits under greenhouse conditions. After full blossom, four applications were made with a frequency of 15 days. At the time of harvest and after storage, the following variables were evaluated: firmness (whole fruit), total soluble solids (TSS), total acidity (TA), phenolics and carotenoids (in the pulp), while phenolics, carotenoids, macronutrients and micronutrients were determined in the peel. The results showed MeSa advanced the fruit maturation, according to higher TSS, lower TA and firmness than MeJa-treated fruits, for which a delayed ripening process was shown. All treatments induced a higher polyphenolic concentration during storage. Regarding the alternative use of the peel as a by-product, the application of natural elicitors significantly increased the content of polyphenols, carotenoids, macronutrients and micronutrients in the peel, especially MeSa, which can be used as a bioactive compound in the food industry. In conclusion, the results indicate that natural elicitors can be an alternative to improve the quality and shelf life of yellow pitahaya fruits.

Reverse 4-flanged technique for intrascleral fixation of a foldable hydrophobic IOL in the absence of capsular support through a 2.2 mm corneal incision.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe a modified technique for sutureless intrascleral intraocular lens fixation in in patients without capsular support: the reverse 4-flanged technique. METHODS: A 2.2 mm corneal incision was made for aphakic patients. The 6-0 polypropylene sutures were threaded through a 30-gauge needle outside the eye. An MDJ® injector was employed to insert the IOL in the eye. A suture-needle snare with 7-0 polypropylene was used to exteriorize the superior end of the sutures through the sclerotomy. The 6-0 polypropylene was heated with a cautery to create the flanges. RESULTS: Nine eyes of nine patients underwent the reverse 4-flanged technique. The median follow-up time was 182 days (range 174 - 195). Best corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA) improved from 20/400 [hand movement - 20/33] to 20/120 [20/400-20/21]. No vitreous haemorrhage, retinal detachment, endophthalmitis, IOL luxation or flange exposure was recorded during the follow-up. CONCLUSION: The reverse 4-flanged technique maintains the advantages of the original 4-flanged technique in terms of IOL stability while reducing the incision size and surgical manoeuvres performed inside the eye. This modification promises to be a reliable, safe and relatively simple technique to correct aphakia in the absence of capsular support.

Urban Flood Drifters (UFDs): Onset of movement.

Despite their catastrophic implications in flood events, the mobilization and transport of large, loose objects -termed Urban Flood Drifters (UFDs)- are often overlooked in flood management. These objects are inherent to anthropogenic activities, but are not designed to remain stable under flooding conditions, nor are usually considered in flood risk studies. This oversight stems from our limited understanding of how flowing water interacts with these heterogeneous objects. To bridge this knowledge gap, we introduce a mechanistic stability model that predicts the onset of UFD mobilization across a diverse array of loose objects, from plastics to heavy vehicles. We further enhance the reliability of our model by incorporating a Monte Carlo-based probabilistic framework that accounts for uncertainties and interdependencies among the input parameters. Our results show that plastic and other litter are the most mobile objects found in urban setups, being subject to incipient transport under frequent floods. These are followed by wood (anthropogenic or natural) and urban furniture. Vans, caravans and recreational vehicles (RVs) can be more mobile than other light-weight vehicles in low-gradient areas, whereas trucks and buses remain considerably more stable; although more hazardous, when mobilized. Construction and metal debris are predominantly stable in low-slope areas. When integrated with flood maps or two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic models, our stability curves can guide urban planning efforts to predict and mitigate the impacts of UFDs during extreme flood events.

On the vertical structure of non-buoyant plastics in turbulent transport.

Plastic pollution is overflowing in rivers. A limited understanding of the physics of plastic transport in rivers hinders monitoring, the prediction of plastic fate and restricts the implementation of effective mitigation strategies. This study investigates two unexplored aspects of plastic transport dynamics across the near-surface, suspended and bed load layers: (i) the complex settling behaviour of plastics and (ii) their influence on plastic transport in river-like flows. Through hundreds of settling tests and thousands of 3D reconstructed plastic transport experiments, our findings show that plastics exhibit unique settling patterns and orientations, due to their geometric anisotropy, revealing a multimodal distribution of settling velocities. In the transport experiments, particle-bed interactions enhanced mixing beyond what established turbulent transport theories (Rouse profile) could predict in low-turbulence conditions, which extends the bed load layer beyond the classic definition of the bed load layer thickness for natural sediments. We propose a new vertical structure of turbulent transport equation that considers the stochastic nature of heterogeneous negatively buoyant plastics and their singularities.

Evaluation of 9 IOL power calculation formulas using a heteroscedastic statistical method and a new method of IOL constant optimization.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prediction accuracy of 9 IOL power calculation formulas using a heteroscedastic statistical analysis and a novel method for IOL constant optimization. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: The LenStar LS900 (Haag-Streit, Koeniz, Switzerland) was used for the preoperative biometry. The predicted SE refraction of the implanted IOL were calculated for: Barrett Universal II, EVO-2.0, Hill RBF-3.0, Hill-RBF 2.0, Kane, PEARL-DGS, SRK-T, Hoffer-Q and Holladay-1. IOL constants were optimized prior to the analysis. A heteroscedastic statistical method was used to compare the standard deviation (SD) of prediction errors (PE). RESULTS: Two hundred seventy-eight eyes of 278 patients were included. The SD of the Kane was 0.4214D and was the lowest in this database. The SD of the PE of the Kane and EVO 2.0 were significantly lower than the SRK-T, Holladay 1, and Hoffer-Q. The SD of the PE of the PEARL formula was significantly lower than the SRK-T and Hoffer-Q. The SD of the PE of the Hill-RBF 3.0 was not significantly different to the Hill-RBF 2.0, Kane, EVO 2.0, Barrett Universal II and PEARL. No significant difference was found between the SD of the PE of the new generation formulas analysed. CONCLUSIONS: the lowest SD of the prediction error was provided by Kane, followed by EVO 2.0 and PERL-DGS formulas. However, no statistically significant differences were found between the SD of the PE of new generation formulas. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the accuracy of these formulas in extreme eyes.

Melatonin Postharvest Treatment in Leafy 'Fino' Lemon Maintains Quality and Bioactive Compounds.

Spain is a great producer of organic lemon; however, it is necessary to reduce the losses caused by post-harvest diseases. Melatonin (MEL) is a naturally occurring compound with physiological functions in fruit growth and ripening and is able to modulate postharvest ripening and senescence, most of it being concentrated in climacteric fruit. Thus, the aim of this study was to apply MEL to organic lemon fruit with stems and leaves (LEAF) and to organic lemon without those components (LEAFLESS) after harvesting and storage during 21 days at 2 °C to understand the effects of this treatment on the fruit quality. For this purpose, two experiments were carried out. First, MEL was applied at 0.01 mM, 0.1 mM and 1.0 mM by immersion for 15 min on lemon fruits, and the quality parameters and bioactive compounds of the fruit were analysed. Subsequently, a second experiment was carried out where the best concentration (1 mM) was selected and another time (15 and 30 min) was added, with the same quality parameters being analysed. As a result, we observed that all MEL treatments showed positive effects on weight loss reduction, softening (higher fruit firmness), total acidity and lower colour changes. Total phenols increased in MEL-treated lemons, both in peel and juice. For the three concentrations tested, the best efficiency was obtained with MEL at 1.0 mM, while LEAF lemons were the most effective. In conclusion, lemons containing stems and leaves (LEAF) improved preservability by using MEL at 1.0 mM with better organoleptic quality and enhanced phenolic compounds.

Relationship among Sugars, Organic Acids, Mineral Composition, and Chilling Injury Sensitivity on Six Pomegranate Cultivars Stored at 2 °C.

Pomegranate is a sensitive fruit to chilling injury (CI) during storage at temperatures below 7 °C. However, sensitivity of pomegranate to CI is dependent on cultivar and exposure times to low temperatures. In this work, the sensitivity to CI of six pomegranate cultivars (Punica granatum L.) 'Wonderful', 'Kingdom', 'Bigful', 'Acco', 'Purple Queen', and 'Mollar de Elche', was evaluated after 30 d at 2 °C plus 2 d at 20 °C. Among cultivars, there was a great variability in the sensitivity to the appearance of CI symptoms. 'Kingdom' cultivar was the most CI sensitive and 'Mollar de Elche' cultivar was the least sensitive cultivar. CI symptoms were greater in the internal part of the skin than in the external part, although no correlation was found between ion leakage (IL) and CI severity after cold storage. However, both, external and internal CI index were correlated with the IL at harvest, with Pearson correlation of 0.63 and 0.80, respectively. In addition, this variability to CI among cultivars could also be due to composition and tissue structures in arils and peel. The solute content of the arils (anthocyanins, sugars, and organic acids, in particular citric acid), showed high correlations with CI sensitivity, with Pearson correlations (r) of 0.56 for total soluble solids, 0.87 for total acidity, 0.94 for anthocyanins, -0.94 for oxalic acid, 0.87 for citric acid, 0.62 for tartaric acid, -0.91 for malic acid, 0.8 for sucrose, and 0.71 for glucose, which can leak to the inner surface of the peel causing browning reactions. In addition, the high peel Ca/K ratio could play an important role on increasing fruit tolerance to CI, since it was negatively correlated with the internal and external CI indexes.

Melatonin Treatments Reduce Chilling Injury and Delay Ripening, Leading to Maintenance of Quality in Cherimoya Fruit.

Spain is the world's leading producer of cherimoya, a climacteric fruit highly appreciated by consumers. However, this fruit species is very sensitive to chilling injury (CI), which limits its storage. In the present experiments, the effects of melatonin applied as dipping treatment on cherimoya fruit CI, postharvest ripening and quality properties were evaluated during storage at 7 °C + 2 days at 20 °C. The results showed that melatonin treatments (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 mM) delayed CI, ion leakage, chlorophyll losses and the increases in total phenolic content and hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities in cherimoya peel for 2 weeks with respect to controls. In addition, the increases in total soluble solids and titratable acidity in flesh tissue were also delayed in melatonin-treated fruit, and there was also reduced firmness loss compared with the control, the highest effects being found for the 0.05 mM dose. This treatment led to maintenance of fruit quality traits and to increases in the storage time up to 21 days, 14 days more than the control fruit. Thus, melatonin treatment, especially at 0.05 mM concentration, could be a useful tool to decrease CI damage in cherimoya fruit, with additional effects on retarding postharvest ripening and senescence processes and on maintaining quality parameters. These effects were attributed to a delay in the climacteric ethylene production, which was delayed for 1, 2 and 3 weeks for 0.01, 0.1 and 0.05 mM doses, respectively. However, the effects of melatonin on gene expression and the activity of the enzymes involved in ethylene production deserves further research.

Splenic Artery Embolization for Unstable Patients with Splenic Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: To compare the outcomes of splenic artery embolization (SAE) for acute splenic injury (ASI) between patients who are hemodynamically stable (HDS) and hemodynamically unstable (HDU). Nonoperative management with SAE has become an accepted practice for patients who are HDS with ASI; however, SAE for the treatment of patients who are HDU with ASI has not been well studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed, including 52 patients who were HDU and HDS who underwent SAE for ASI at a Level 1 trauma center. HDU was defined as the lowest recorded systolic blood pressure prior to intervention <90 mm Hg. Utilizing the American Association for Surgery of Trauma (AAST) splenic injury scale, AAST Grades 1-3 were defined as low grade, and Grades 4-5 were defined as high grade. The primary outcomes were survival at 30 days and the need for subsequent splenectomy. RESULTS: Seventy-five percent (n = 39) of the patients were HDS, and 25% (n = 13) were HDU. The majority (69%) of patients who were HDU who underwent SAE did not require splenectomy, compared with 95% of patients who were HDS (P = .03). No significant difference in 30-day survival between patients who were HDU and HDS was noted. No major adverse events were recorded. There was no significant difference in 30-day patient survival or the rate of subsequent splenectomy between high-grade and low-grade splenic injuries. CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective cohort study, there was no statistically significant difference in the adverse events or 30-day post-SAE survival rates between patients who were HDS and HDU with ASI. The authors conclude that SAE can be a safe and effective treatment option for patients who are HDU with ASI, including high-grade splenic injury.

Antioxidant Systems and Quality in Sweet Cherries Are Improved by Preharvest GABA Treatments Leading to Delay Postharvest Senescence.

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays important roles in plant development, including the maintenance of fruit quality when applied as postharvest treatment. However, little information is available about the effects of preharvest GABA treatments. Thus, GABA (10, 50 and 100 mM) was applied as foliar spray at key points of fruit development in three sweet cherry cultivars and over two years. The results show that quality parameters, such as total soluble solid content, titratable acidity and firmness were higher in the fruit from GABA-treated trees than in the controls, either at harvest or during four weeks of cold storage. In addition, the total phenolic and total and individual anthocyanin concentrations were also enhanced by GABA treatments and the fruit color was improved. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase were also enhanced by the GABA treatments. The most effective concentration was 50 mM, which led to extending the storage period of sweet cherries with high quality traits to up to four weeks, while for the controls this was two weeks. Thus, GABA treatment had a clear effect on delaying the postharvest ripening and senescence processes in sweet cherries, with an additional effect on enhancing the content of bioactive compounds, such as phenolics and anthocyanins, with antioxidant properties and health benefits.

The Simultaneous Use of 1-Methylcyclopropene and Methyl Jasmonate Vapor as an Innovative Strategy for Reducing Chilling Injury and Maintaining Pomegranate Fruit Quality at Suboptimal Temperatures.

Spain is one of the main contributors to global pomegranate production. Pomegranate presents a challenge for preservation at suboptimal temperatures. Preserving this fruit for an extended period is challenging due to its susceptibility to chilling injury (CI). For this reason, we have examined different postharvest treatments to extend the pomegranate shelf life and their potential impact on reducing CI. For this reason, two postharvest treatments have been applied: 1-Methylcyclopropene (1000 nL L-1 1-MCP) and methyl jasmonate vapors (0.01 mM MeJA), a natural elicitor found in many plant organs that induces a wide range of physiological processes, including the activation of defense mechanisms against stress. Following the application of these treatments and subsequent fruit storage at 2 °C for 90 days, maintenance of firmness and membrane integrity was observed. Additionally, a positive synergic effect was observed in these quality traits when combining both substances (1-MCP + MeJA), especially with regard to delaying weight loss, the external color evolution, and total polyphenol accumulation. On the other hand, MeJA treatment alone or in combination with 1-MCP also increased the anthocyanin content in arils, thereby enhancing the fruit quality. In general, the best results were observed when these two different technologies were applied as a combined treatment, especially in terms of maintaining quality traits such as fruit firmness and total acidity and reducing weight loss and CI. This is the first time that these two substances have been tested together in any fruit species, and their simultaneous application in the same container represents an innovative approach that could be an interesting tool for commercial purposes.

Telemedicine informatics application for nutritional support surveillance of instutionalized persons in nursing homes from a hospital pharmacy service.

INTRODUCTION: Institutionalized patients who require nutrition support regularly visit the Unit of Nutrition Support of the Hospital Pharmacy  Service. During these visits, prior to establishing a nutrition regime and  followup scheme, an initial nutritional status assessment is performed.  Telemedicine and Telepharmacy have expanded in recent years for remote  monitoring of institutionalized persons. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the implementation of a Telemedicine informatics application for nutritional support surveillance of instutionalized  persons in nursing homes from a hospital pharmacy service. Method: A multidisciplinary team led by the Hospital Pharmacy Service was  created. Data of institutionalized persons in nursing homes needing artificial  nutritional support was extracted from the SILICON prescription system and  the internal ecords of the hospital pharmacy service. Nursing homes were  selected on the basis of their previous experience using the Telemedicine  informatics application TELEA. The following nutritional  support variables were  assessed: score on Mini-Nutritional Assessment questionnaire; a 24-h  food record; pressure ulcer control; and laboratory parameters. The existing  information flow between nursing homes and hospital specialists was analyzed.  The functionalities available on TELEA were considered. RESULTS: In 2021, over 300 institutionalized persons from 28 nursing homes  were incluided for nutritional support surveillance program of the hospital  pharmacy service. The project was implemented in two nursing homes serving  38 patients, although only 13 were involved in the nutrition surveillance  program of the Nutrition Support Unit. Nutritional status assessment and  nutritional support surveillance reports were adapted to the Telemedicine  informatics application. Paper reports were replaced  with electronic data or  online questionnaires available on the informatics application. An information  flow protocol was established. An instantaneous messaging and alert system  was activated, which allowed continuous communication. Some Telepharmacy  requests were categorized as preferential when the clinical status of the patient  so required. All the information generated during the nutritional status  assessment and nutritional support surveillance process was integrated into  the electronic medical history of each patient. CONCLUSIONS: TELEA-based nutritional support surveillance facilitates the  continuum of care by enabling direct communication between nursing homes  and secondary care for institutionalized persons. This model makes it possible  to record nutrition-related data on the electronic medical history of patients  through a Telepharmacy process. This model also eliminates paper  prescriptions and medical reports, and unnecessary travels. A nutritional status  profile should also be made available to facilitate nutrition surveillance in institutionalized persons with chronic diseases. That  would be the first step for a new integrated healthcare informatics application  for frail/polymorbid elderly patients.

Introducción: Los pacientes institucionalizados que requieren soporte  nutricional artificial acuden de forma periódica a las consultas de la Unidad de  Soporte Nutricional del Servicio de Farmacia. En ellas se realiza una  valoración nutricional inicial, a partir de la cual se establece la pauta nutricional  y el plan de seguimiento. La Telemedicina y la Telefarmacia se han  expandido en los últimos años para la monitorización remota de personas  institucionalizadas. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la implementación de una aplicación informática de Telemedicina para la vigilancia del soporte nutricional de personas  nstitucionalizadas en residencias de ancianos desde un servicio de farmacia hospitalaria.Método: Se formó un equipo multidisciplinar liderado por el Servicio de Farmacia. Los datos de pacientes institucionalizados que requieren soporte nutricional artificial se obtuvieron del programa SILICON y de los  registros internos del Servicio de Farmacia. Se eligieron las primeras  residencias candidatas según la experiencia previa en el manejo de la  aplicación informática de asistencia domiciliaria. Se analizaron llas variables de  soporte nutricional necesarias para el seguimiento nutricional: Mini  Nutritional Assessment, recordatorio de ingestas de las últimas 24 horas,  control de úlceras por presión y parámetros analíticos. Se analizó el flujo de  información existente entre las residencias sociosanitarias y la atención  hospitalaria y se valoraron las opciones disponibles a través de la plataforma  tecnológica de asistencia domiciliaria. RESULTADOS: El Servicio de Farmacia realizó seguimiento nutricional a más de  300 pacientes institucionalizados en 28 residencias sociosanitarias en el año  2021. El proyecto se implantó en dos residencias sociosanitarias que cuentan  con 38 pacientes institucionalizados, aunque solo 13 pacientes estaban en  seguimiento por la Unidad de Soporte Nutricional. Todos los registros  generados en la valoración y seguimiento nutricional se adecuaron a la  aplicación informática de asistencia domiciliaria, se cambiaron los registros en  papel por información incluida en la plataforma o cuestionarios online  facilitados a través de la misma. Además, se protocolizó el flujo de información  generada y se activó un sistema de mensajería con alertas que  permite una comunicación continua. En caso de que la situación clínica  del  paciente lo requiera se puede programar una teleconsulta preferente.Toda la  información generada en el proceso de valoración y seguimientonutricional de  cada paciente se integró en la historia clínica electrónica. CONCLUSIONES: El seguimiento nutricional a través de la aplicación informática de asistencia domiciliaria facilita la continuidad asistencial por el establecimiento de una comunicación directa entre las residencias  sociosanitarias y la atención hospitalaria, permitiendo la integración de la  información nutricional de los pacientes en la historia clínica electrónica  mediante un proceso de Telefarmacia. Se han eliminado las prescripciones en  papel, informes clínicos impresos y los desplazamientos innecesarios. El  desarrollo de este perfil podría ser extensible al seguimiento nutricional de  pacientes con patologías crónicas, y ser el precedente de un nuevo programa  de cuidado integral del paciente anciano frágil o pluripatológico.

The key role of surface tension in the transport and quantification of plastic pollution in rivers.

Current riverine plastic monitoring best practices mainly consider surface observations, thus neglecting the underlying distribution of plastics in the water column. Bias on plastic budgets estimations hinders advances on modelling and prediction of plastics fate. Here, we experimentally disclose the structure of plastics transport in surface water flows by investigating how thousands of samples of plastics commonly found in fluvial environments travel in turbulent river flows. We show for the first time that surface tension plays a key role in the transport of plastics since its effects can be of the same magnitude as buoyancy and turbulence, therefore holding a part of the dispersed buoyant plastics captive by the water surface. We investigate two types of transport; surfaced plastics (surface tension-turbulence-buoyancy dominated), in contact with the free surface, and suspended plastics (turbulence-buoyancy dominated). We prove that this duality in transport modes is a major source of error in the estimation of plastic budgets, which can be underestimated by 90 % following current, well-established monitoring protocols if sampling is conducted solely in the water surface. Based on our empirical findings, we optimize physics-driven monitoring strategies for plastic fluxes in rivers, thereby achieving over a ten-fold reduction of the bias and uncertainty of riverine plastic pollution estimates.

Aplicación informática de Telemedicina parala vigilancia del soporte nutricional de personas institucionalizadas en residencias de ancianos desde un servicio de farmacia hospitalaria / Telemedicine informatics application for nutritional support surveillance of instutionalized persons in nursing homes from a hospital pharmacy service

Introducción: Los pacientes institucionalizados que requieren soporte nutricional artificial acuden de forma periódica a las consultas de la Unidad deSoporte Nutricional del Servicio de Farmacia. En ellas se realiza una valoración nutricional inicial, a partir de la cual se establece la pauta nutricional y elplan de seguimiento. La Telemedicina y la Telefarmacia se han expandido enlos últimos años para la monitorización remota de personas institucionalizadas.Objetivo: Evaluar la implementación de una aplicación informática deTelemedicina para la vigilancia del soporte nutricional de personas institucionalizadas en residencias de ancianos desde un servicio de farmaciahospitalaria.Método: Se formó un equipo multidisciplinar liderado por el Servicio deFarmacia. Los datos de pacientes institucionalizados que requieren soportenutricional artificial se obtuvieron del programa SILICON y de los registrosinternos del Servicio de Farmacia. Se eligieron las primeras residenciascandidatas según la experiencia previa en el manejo de la aplicación informática de asistencia domiciliaria. Se analizaron llas variables de soportenutricional necesarias para el seguimiento nutricional: Mini NutritionalAssessment, recordatorio de ingestas de las últimas 24 horas, control deúlceras por presión y parámetros analíticos. Se analizó el flujo de información existente entre las residencias sociosanitarias y la atención hospitalariay se valoraron las opciones disponibles a través de la plataforma tecnológica de asistencia domiciliaria.Resultados: El Servicio de Farmacia realizó seguimiento nutricional amás de 300 pacientes institucionalizados en 28 residencias sociosanitariasen el año 2021. (AU)

Introduction: Institutionalized patients who require nutrition supportregularly visit the Unit of Nutrition Support of the Hospital Pharmacy Service. During these visits, prior to establishing a nutrition regime and followup scheme, an initial nutritional status assessment is performed. Telemedicine and Telepharmacy have expanded in recent years for remotemonitoring of institutionalized persons.Objective: To evaluate the implementation of a Telemedicine informaticsapplication for nutritional support surveillance of instutionalized persons innursing homes from a hospital pharmacy service.Method: A multidisciplinary team led by the Hospital Pharmacy Servicewas created. Data of institutionalized persons in nursing homes needingartificial nutritional support was extracted from the SILICON prescriptionsystem and the internal ecords of the hospital pharmacy service. Nursing homes were selected on the basis of their previous experience usingthe Telemedicine informatics application TELEA. The following nutritional support variables were assessed: score on Mini-Nutritional Assessmentquestionnaire; a 24-h food record; pressure ulcer control; and laboratoryparameters. The existing information flow between nursing homes andhospital specialists was analyzed. The functionalities available on TELEAwere considered.Results: In 2021, over 300 institutionalized persons from 28 nursinghomes were incluided for nutritional support surveillance program of thehospital pharmacy service. The project was implemented in two nursinghomes serving 38 patients, although only 13 were involved in the nutrition surveillance program of the Nutrition Support Unit. Nutritional statusassessment and nutritional support surveillance reports were adapted tothe Telemedicine informatics application. (AU)

Exogenous Application of Glycine Betaine Maintains Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, and Physicochemical Attributes of Blood Orange Fruit During Prolonged Cold Storage.

Exogenous application of glycine betaine (GB) was evaluated on bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and physicochemical attributes of blood orange fruit cv. Moro at 3°C for 90 days. Vacuum infiltration (30 kPa) of GB was applied at 15 and 30 mM for 8 min. Parameters were measured after 1, 30, 60, and 90 days of storage plus 2 days at 20°C to simulate the shelf-life period. GB treatments significantly reduced weight and firmness losses in "Moro" blood orange fruit during cold storage. GB treatment maintained a higher concentration of organic acids (citric, malic, succinic, and oxalic acids) and sugars (sucrose, glucose, and fructose), especially for the higher GB doses (30 mM). During storage, GB treatments enhanced total anthocyanin concentration, total phenolic content, and total antioxidant activity. With respect to enzyme activities, the application of exogenous GB showed increases in catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, while suppressing the polyphenol oxidase activity. Overall, the most effective treatment was 30 mM GB leading to maintaining bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and quality in "Moro" blood orange fruit during long-term storage. The positive results would permit the use of GB as a postharvest tool to maintain the quality attributes of blood orange fruit.

Anthocyanin in blood oranges: a review on postharvest approaches for its enhancement and preservation.

Anthocyanin concentration is considered an important fruit quality index of blood oranges and has gained popularity among consumers due to its antioxidant capacity, therapeutic properties, and prevention of some human diseases. Anthocyanin biosynthesis occurs in the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum by multi-enzymes complexes through the flavonoid pathway. Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and ß-glucosidase (anthocyanase) are the enzymes responsible for anthocyanin degradation. Blood oranges are cold-dependent for anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation, and thus, the low temperature of storage can enhance anthocyanin concentration and improve internal fruit quality. In addition, anthocyanin accumulation can be accelerated by postharvest technologies, either physical treatments or chemical elicitors. However, low temperatures can induce chilling injury (CI) incidence in blood oranges. Postharvest chemical elicitors treatments can enhance anthocyanin accumulation and prevent CI. This review provides the most updated information about postharvest tools modulating the anthocyanin content, and the role of enhancing and preserving pigmentation to produce blood orange with the highest quality standards.

Interventional oncology update.

Interventional Oncology (IO) is a subspecialty field of Interventional Radiology bridging between diagnostic radiology and the clinical oncology team, addressing the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. There have been many exciting advancements in the field of IO in recent years; far too many to cover in a single paper. To give each topic sufficient attention, we have limited the scope of this review article to four topics which we feel have the potential to drastically change how cancer is treated managed in the immediate future.

Melatonin Pre-harvest Treatments Leads to Maintenance of Sweet Cherry Quality During Storage by Increasing Antioxidant Systems.

Melatonin has been reported to have an important role in fruit ripening, although the effect of pre-harvest melatonin treatment on sweet cherry quality properties during storage is still unknown. In the present experiments, the effects of melatonin (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 Mm) by foliar spray treatments of 'Prime Giant' and 'Sweet Heart' sweet cherry trees on fruit quality traits and antioxidants systems during storage was evaluated. Results showed that these treatments reduced weight losses during storage, as well as losses in firmness and titratable acidity. In addition, changes in fruit colour and total soluble solid content were also delayed in fruit from melatonin treated trees with respect to controls. Moreover, in general, total phenolic and anthocyanin concentrations were higher in fruit from treated trees than in those from control ones, either at harvest or during the whole storage period. Finally, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase was also enhanced as a consequence of melatonin treatment. Overall results show that pre-harvest melatonin treatment delayed the post-harvest ripening process of sweet cherry fruit, leading to maintenance of their quality properties in optimum levels for consumption 2 weeks more with respect to fruit from control trees. Antioxidant systems, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic ones, were also enhanced by melatonin treatments, which would account for the delay on fruit post-harvest ripening process and fruit quality maintenance during storage.