The BRAFV600E mutation analysis and risk stratification in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: Although the prognostic role of BRAFV600E mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is controversial, the American Thyroid Association (ATA) includes the mutational status in their risk stratification system. To evaluate the impact of the BRAFV600E mutation status on PTC risk stratification. METHODS: PTC patients attending a university-based hospital who had the analysis of the BRAFV600E mutation were included. Persistent disease was defined as the presence of biochemical or structural disease. The performance of the ATA risk stratification system on predicting persistent disease with or without the BRAFV600E mutation status information was evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 134 patients evaluated, 44 (32.8%) carried BRAFV600E mutation. The median tumor size was 1.7 cm (P25-75 1.0-3.0), 64 (47.8%) patients had lymph node, and 11 (8.2%) distant metastases. According to the ATA risk stratification system, patients were classified as low, intermediate, and high risk in 55 (41%), 59 (44%), and 20 (14%) patients, respectively. The data on BRAFV600E mutation reclassified 12 (8.9%) patients from low to intermediate risk. After a median follow-up of 8.5 years, the prevalence of persistent disease was similar in patients with and without BRAFV600E mutation (P = 0.42). Multivariate analysis failed to demonstrate an association between the BRAFV600E mutation and persistent disease status (RR 0.96; 95%CI 0.47-1.94). Notably, none of the patients reclassified from low to intermediate risk showed persistent disease on follow-up. CONCLUSION: Inclusion of BRAFV600E mutational status has a limited impact on risk stratification and does not add to the prediction of outcomes in PTC patients.

The tissue expression pattern of CA 19.9 is associated with oncological features in medullary thyroid carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Elevated serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (CA19.9), a well-established tumor marker in pancreatic neoplasms, has been proposed as a prognostic marker of tumor aggressiveness in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). A hypothesis of C-cell dedifferentiation has been raised. Here, we evaluated the expression of CA19.9 and CD133, a stem cell marker, in MTC tissues. METHODS: MTC samples from patients attending a university-based hospital were evaluated for CA19.9 and CD133 expression by immunohistochemistry. Clinical data were retrieved from medical records. RESULTS: Tumor specimens from 70 MTC patients (57.1% hereditary) were evaluated. The age at diagnosis was 36.1 ± 16.3 years, and 58.6% were female; 53% of patients had cervical and 20% distant metastases. CA19.9 staining was detected in 87% of the samples, but no association was observed with biochemical markers, tumor size, local or distant metastases (All P > 0.05). Remarkable, CA19.9 expression was higher in the metastasis than in primary tumor samples (P = 0.0002). CD133 was expressed in 90.5% samples, but no correlation was found with CA19.9. Interestingly, we identified three distinct expression patterns to CA19.9: individual, focal, and diffuse cells. Sporadic MTC was associated with the individual cell pattern (70.6%), while the hereditary form with the focal expression pattern (63.9%; P = 0.04). Remarkably, the diffuse pattern was associated with larger tumor size and distant metastases (P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of samples stained for CA19.9, suggesting it is an MTC cell-intrinsic feature. Three distinct expression patterns were identified, which were associated with the hereditary or sporadic form, larger tumor size, and presence of metastases.

EB1- and EB2-dependent anterograde trafficking of TRPM4 regulates focal adhesion turnover and cell invasion.

Transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) is a Ca2+-activated nonselective cationic channel involved in a wide variety of physiologic and pathophysiological processes. Bioinformatics analyses of the primary sequence of TRPM4 allowed us to identify a putative motif for interaction with end-binding (EB) proteins, which are microtubule plus-end tracking proteins. Here, we provide novel data suggesting that TRPM4 interacts with EB proteins. We show that mutations of the putative EB binding motif abolish the TRPM4-EB interaction, leading to a reduced expression of the mature population of the plasma membrane channel and instead display an endoplasmic reticulum-associated distribution. Furthermore, we demonstrate that EB1 and EB2 proteins are required for TRPM4 trafficking and functional activity. Finally, we demonstrated that the expression of a soluble fragment containing the EB binding motif of TRPM4 reduces the plasma membrane expression of the channel and affects TRPM4-dependent focal adhesion disassembly and cell invasion processes.-Blanco, C., Morales, D., Mogollones, I., Vergara-Jaque, A., Vargas, C., Álvarez, A., Riquelme, D., Leiva-Salcedo, E., González, W., Morales, D., Maureira, D., Aldunate, I., Cáceres, M., Varela, D., Cerda, O. EB1- and EB2-dependent anterograde trafficking of TRPM4 regulates focal adhesion turnover and cell invasion.

Advances and controversies in the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) comprises approximately 4% of all malignant thyroid neoplasms. Although the majority of patients have a good prognosis, a subgroup of patients develops progressive disease and requires systemic therapy. Here, we focused on the current MTC therapeutic approaches and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of molecular targeted therapies. RECENT FINDINGS: Targeted molecular therapies that inhibit RET and other tyrosine kinase receptors involved in angiogenesis have been shown to improve progression-free survival in patients with advanced MTC. Two drugs, vandetanib and cabozantinib, have been approved for the treatment of progressive or symptomatic MTC, and several others have exhibited variable efficacy. No tyrosine kinase inhibitor has been shown to improve survival. Although no definitive recommendation can currently be made, cumulative data indicate that knowledge of the tumor mutational profile may facilitate improvements in targeted therapy for MTC. SUMMARY: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of progressive MTC. Nevertheless, it is not clear who will benefit the most from therapy, and the decision regarding when and how to initiate the treatment should be made based on the patient's medical history and tumor behavior. Hopefully, in the near future, molecular profiling of MTC can be used to determine the most effective molecular therapeutic target.

Aspectos currículares da formação universitária em educação física para atuação na educação inclusiva / Curricular aspects of university trayning in physical education for inclusive education practice / Aspectos curriculares asociados a la formación de la enseñanza superior de la educación física en la participación de la educación inclusiva

Este estudo buscou analisar os aspectos curriculares relacionados à educação inclusiva tratados nas disciplinas de atividade motora adaptada ou suas correlatas na formação em Educação Física do Estado de Santa Catarina.. Os sujeitos foram selecionados aleatoriamente (n=17) em 12 Instituições de Ensino Superior catarinenses.Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada e questionário. Os dados categoriais foram analisados por meio de análise de conteúdo e os dados numéricos por meio de estatística descritiva. Pode-se concluir que os participantes percebem que os aspectos curriculares têm buscado a formação para atuação inclusiva, porém, através de ações docentes isoladas e com carências de recursos físicos, humanos e metodológicos, gerando assim, fragilidades que afetam a formação universitária para atuação inclusiva. Pode-se, também, concluir que os participantes entendem que as disciplinas na área da adaptada apresentam pre valentemente caráter teórico-prático e técnico-terapêutico e que a docência é realizada por professores relativamente novos na docência universitária, qualificados em nível stricto sensu e que não possuem alunos com deficiência.

This study aimed to examine the curricular aspects related to inclusive education treatedin the discipline of adapted motor activity or similar in Physical Education training of theState of Santa Catarina. Participants were randomly selected (n = 17) in 12 Higher EducationInstitutions in Santa Catarina. Data were collected through semi-structured interview and questionnaire. The categorical data were analyzed using content analysis and numerical data using descriptive statistics. It can be concluded that participants realize that the curricular aspects have sought training for inclusive action, but through isolated teachers actions in poor physical, human and methodologics resources, thus generating weak nesses affecting university education for inclusive action. One can also conclude that the participants understand that the disciplines in the area of adapted prevalently present a theoretical-practical and technical-therapeutic character teaching and are taught by professors relatively new in university teaching, qualified in stricto sensu level andwithout students with disabilities.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los aspectos curriculares asociados a la formaciónde la enseñanza superior en la Educación física del Estado de Santa Catarina para laactuación en la educación inclusiva. Los sujetos fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente(n=17) en 12 Instituciones Catarinenses de Enseñanza Superior. Los datos fueron colectadospor medio de entrevista semi-estructurada y cuestionarios. Los datos de categoríasfueron determinados por medio de análisis de contenido y los datos numéricos por mediode estadística descriptiva. Se puede concluir que los aspectos curriculares han buscado laformación para la actuación inclusiva, pero con acciones docentes aisladas y con carenciade recursos físicos, humanos y metodológicos que puede provocar perjuicios en el procesode enseñanza. También se puede concluir que los participantes entienden que la disciplina presentan una enseñanza teórico-práctica y técnicaterapéutica, donde la docencia universitaria se realiza por profesores relativamente nuevos,calificados en el ámbito estricto y no teniendo alumnos con discapacidad.

Estudantes em situação de risco educacional: fatores relacionados à atividade física e à qualidade de vida / Students in the educational risk: aspects related to physical activity and quality of life / Estudiantes en situación de riesgo educativo: factores relacionados con la actividad física y calidad de vida

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre nível de atividade física e a qualidade de vida de estudantes da educação de jovens e adultos do estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil.Participaram 353 estudantes selecionados aleatoriamente da educação de jovens e adultos do estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Os dadosforam coletados por meio de questionários da Organização Mundial de Saúde sobre Qualidade de Vida (WHOQOL-Bref) e sobre Atividade Física (IPAQLong). Constatou-se que a maioria dos estudantes é do gênero masculino, solteiro,cursando o ensino fundamental, com média de 22,6 anos de idade, com média de 4,4 anos de escolarização, apresenta escores positivos de qualidade de vida, com exceção do domínio ambiental, e apresenta alto nível de atividade física. Pode-se concluir que existem associações da qualidade de vida com as atividades físicas ocupacionais e com o índice de massa corporal.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar la relación entre la calidad de vida, la actividad física u los aspectos demograficos de los estudiantes de la educación de los jóvenes adultos del estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Fueron seleccionadas aleatoriamente 353 estudiantes de la educación de jóvenes y adultos, del estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, conforme los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de cuestionarios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud sobre calidad de vida (WHOQOL-Bref) y el Cuestionario de Actividad Física (IPAQ-Long). Fue verificado que la mayoria de losestudiantes son varones, solteros, estudiantes en la escuela primaria, con una media de 22,6 años de edad, con una media de 4,4 años de escolaridad, que presentam con valores positivos de la calidad de vida, excepto el ámbito del medio ambiente, y con alto nivel de actividad física. Se puede concluir que hay asociaciones con la calidad de vida y la actividad física ocupacional con el índice de masa corporal.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between physical activity and quality of life of students of the education of young and adults program of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. 353 students were randomly selected from the education of youth and adults program in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. data were collected through questionnaires from the World Health Organization about Quality of Life (WHOQOL-Bref) and about Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-Long). It was found that most of the students are male, married, in ele- mentary school, with an average of 22.6 years of age, with an average of 4.4 years of schooling, with positive scores for quality of life, except the environmental domain, and with a high level of physical activity. It can be concluded that there are associations between quality of life, occu- pational physical activity and body mass index.

Estudos sobre o pensamento do professor e a educaçao física: uma analise sinóptica / Research on teacher thinking and physical education: a synoptic analysis

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma síntese sobre o contexto das investigações a respeito do pensamento do professor e a proposta conceitual relativa ao Conhecimento Pedagógico do Conteúdo (PCK pedagogical content knowledge) com implicações na formação do professor. Considerando as alterações curriculares nos cursos de graduação em Educação Física e estruturais na sociedade, percebe-se a demanda de possibilidades de abordagens de investigação para que se possa estabelecer itinerários mais robustos e confiáveis para a formação destes professores.

This paper aims to present an overview of the context of investigations concerning the thinking of the teacher and the conceptual plan on the PCK (Pedagogical Content Knowledge) with implications for teacher education. Considering the changes in the undergraduate curriculum in Physical Education and in society, we see thedemand for opportunities for research approaches that would establish more robust and reliable routes to the education of teachers.

Concepções, opiniões e atitudes docentes associadas à inclusão da pessoa com deficiência na educação física: uma revisão da produção científica brasileira / Teachers conceptions related to inclusion of people with disabilities in physical education: a revision of the Brazilian scientific production

A presente investigação tem como objetivo desenvolver uma revisão sistemática sobre as concepções, opiniões e atitudes docentes associadas à inclusão das pessoas com deficiência nas aulas de Educação Física do sistema regular de ensino e o seu impacto sobre o movimento de inclusão educacional no Brasil na última década. Realizaram-se buscas nas bases de acesso público e no idioma português, entre os períodos de 1994 a 2010. Treze artigos fizeram parte das análises envolvendo esta temática. Pode-se concluir que as concepções, as opiniões e as atitudes do professores de Educação Física sobre a inclusão educacional estão associadas principalmente à formação acadêmica, às competências percebidas na atuação com pessoas com deficiência, ao tempo de experiência de magistério com pessoas com deficiência, ao gênero do docente e à vinculação administrativa da escola.

This research aims to develop a systematic review of the views, opinions and attitudes teachers for the inclusion of persons with disabilities in physical education classes in regular school system and its impact on the movement of educational inclusion in Brazil in the last decade. There were searches in bases for public access and in the Portuguese language, between the periods 1994 to 2010. 13 articles were part of the analysis involving this issue. It can be concluded that the conceptions, opinions and attitudes of physical education teachers about the educational inclusion are mainly linked to academic training, perceived competence in acting with people with disabilities, on-time teaching experience with disabled persons, gender of the teacher and the school's administrative attachment.

Oportunidades perdidas de inmunizacion antitetanica en gestantes: estudio realizado en el Centro de Salud Tarata en el 1er trimestre del año 2006 / Missed Opportunities Tetanus inmunization during pregnancy: study conducted at the Center for Health Tarata in the 1st quarter 2006

El conocimiento de las gestantes sobre los aspectos generales de la enfermedad del tetanos, es insuficiente y en algunos casos equivocados. Solo una mitad de las entrevistadas sabe que la enfermedad es grave, que puede transmitirse por una herida en la piel y existe tratamiento. La otra mitad ignora estos aspectos. En cuanto a la prevencion, la mayoria 62 por ciento de las mujeres gestantes tiene conocimiento sobre la existencia de una forma de prevenir la enfermedad; pero en un porcentaje menor 38 por ciento ignora que la prevencion se realiza a traves de la vacuna antitetanica. De todas las mujeres embarazadas solo el 31 por ciento recibe informacion sobre la enfermedad del tetanos. La mayoria un 69 por ciento no recibe informacion lo cual indica que la gestante al no ser informada pierde la oportunidad de conocer el riesgo que significa la enfermedad y la posibilidad de prevenirla.

Oportunidades perdidas de inmunizacion antitetanica en gestantes (Centro de Salud Cochabamba e Ironcollo) / s

El conocimiento de las gestantes sobre los aspectos generales de la enfermedad del tetanos, es insuficiente y en algunos casos equivocado. Solo la mitad de las entrevistadas sabe que la enfermedad es grave, que puede transmitirse por una herida en la piel y existe tratamiento. La otra mitad ignora estos aspectos. En cuanto a la prevencion, la mayoria (87 por ciento) de las mujeres gestantes tienen conocimiento sobre la existencia de una forma de prevenir la enfermedad; sin embargo, ignoran que la prevencion se realiza a traves de la vacuna antitetanica. En el Centro de Salud Cochabamba, la mayoria (73 por ciento) tienen conocimientos equivocados, puesto que piensa que se previene por hospitalizacion. Las mujeres gestantes en Ironcollo en cambio, indican que la forma de prevencion es la vacuna (68 por ciento)

Oportunidades perdidas de inmunizacion antitetanica en gestantes (Centro de Salud Cochabamba e Ironcollo) / s

El conocimiento de las gestantes sobre los aspectos generales de la enfermedad del tetanos, es insuficiente y en algunos casos equivocado. Solo la mitad de las entrevistadas sabe que la enfermedad es grave, que puede transmitirse por una herida en la piel y existe tratamiento. La otra mitad ignora estos aspectos. En cuanto a la prevencion, la mayoria (87 por ciento) de las mujeres gestantes tienen conocimiento sobre la existencia de una forma de prevenir la enfermedad; sin embargo, ignoran que la prevencion se realiza a traves de la vacuna antitetanica. En el Centro de Salud Cochabamba, la mayoria (73 por ciento) tienen conocimientos equivocados, puesto que piensa que se previene por hospitalizacion. Las mujeres gestantes en Ironcollo en cambio, indican que la forma de prevencion es la vacuna (68 por ciento)

Espécies e prevalência das infestações por carrapatos em cães de rua da cidade de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil / Species and prevalence of ticks infestations on stray dogs in Porto Alegre city, RS, Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as espécies de carrapatos que parasitam os cães da área urbana de Porto Alegre e conhecer suas prevalências nesta população. Para isso, foram examinados 450 cães de rua de Porto Alegre, colhidos os carrapatos nos animais infestados e estes identificados ao estereomicroscópio por espécie e por estágio. Dentre os animais examinados, 52,44 por cento albergavam carrapatos e destes, 93,22 por cento estavam parasitados por Rhipicephalus sanguineus, 2,97 por cento por Amblyomma aureolatum e 3,81 por cento pelas duas espécies simultaneamente. Do total de carrapatos colhidos, a espécie mais abundante nos animais foi R. sanguineus representando 99,43 por cento desse total; foram encontrados ínstares de todos os estágios parasitários de R. sanguineus e só do estágio adulto de A.aureolatum.

The purpose of this study was to identify and to know the prevalence of ticks recovered from dogs of urban area of Porto Alegre, RS. Four hundred and fifty stray dogs were examined and the ticks found were identified according to the species and parasitic stage. A percentage of 52.44 percent of those dogs were infested with ticks, among these, 93.22 percent were parasitized by Rhipicephalus sanguineus, 2.97 percent by Amblyomma aureolatum and 3.81 percent by both species. R. sanguineus was the more prevalent species among infested animals representing 99.43 percent of the total number of ticks sampled. All parasitic stages of R. sanguineus were present on the stray dogs but only the adult stage of A. aureolatum was found.