"Highlighting" red nuclei by atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.

This is a case report in which a patient with SLE had a brainstem variant of PRES, and MRI demonstrated atypical distribution of FLAIR hyperintensity in the thalami and the midbrain sparing the red nuclei bilaterally (Figure 1). This impressive lesion pattern may reveal the disease mechanisms of PRES in patients with SLE.

Recurrent Caterpillar-like Arachnoid Cysts Following Initial Resection: A Unique Presentation of a Disorder Where the Limits of Modern Medicine Are Reached.

Of the many emergent neurological cases presenting to the emergency department (ED) and operating room (OR) for resection, arachnoid cysts are amongst one of the rarer pathologies. The proper resection of arachnoid cysts has substantially decreased the risk of recurrence. Current medicinal and surgical approaches have been refined over the years and prove to be successful for many patients. Where current practices begin to fail is during the treatment of complex and rare cases, such as the one presented in this manuscript. The commonly accepted surgical practices that were utilized to aid in the management of our patient, who initially presented with a simple arachnoid cyst, unexpectedly resulted in the further development of additional arachnoid cysts, a very rare occurrence, and a complication that should be discussed amongst all specialists in the hope of identifying more focused, novel, and less-invasive approaches to cyst removal and recurrence prevention.

Concomittant fibrous dysplasia with aneurysmal bone cyst formation within the skull, humerus and rib.

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare pathology characterized by the abnormal and gradual replacement of normal bone (calcium hydroxylapatite of osteoid matrix) with fibrous connective tissue. Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a tumor-like benign lesion with blood-filled cavities that can affect virtually any bone in the body. We report on a 20-year-old male presenting with an extremely rare pathology of FD with ABC formation of the skull, fourth rib and humerus. Our case report represents a novel literary addition to rare FD with ABC pathologies. Optimal diagnosis of this rare pathology can be achieved by a full body evaluation for clinical and radiographic FD with or without ABC, and optimal treatment for this rare pathology is the maximum surgical excision of the tumor and/or soft tissue.

Development of a novel portable multi-channel near infrared spectroscopy system.

A novel light-weight multi-channel multi-wavelength ultra-low power near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system was designed and tested. The NIRS system was designed for clinical use to emit low power (maximum 5 mW) red and near infrared (NIR) light into human tissue and acquire, record, and display reflected light from various tissue depths. In this paper, results of initial functional tests of the system are presented. Potential clinical applications of the NIRS system include long-term non-invasive monitoring of functional activity in tissues, oxygen consumption in skeletal muscles, and tissue blood perfusion.