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1.
Public Health ; 227: 16-23, 2024 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38103272

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To analyse spatial-temporal changes and spatial association of homicide rates with violence, sociodemographic, public security and human rights indicators in Brazilian municipalities. STUDY DESIGN: An ecological study using homicide estimates from the Global Burden of Disease and population from the Brazilian Ministry of Health, 2000 to 2018. The explanatory variables come from the systems of mortality, notifications of violence and security, and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. METHODS: Moran indices and maps identified clusters of high and low risk for homicides in three trienniums (p < 0.05). Multivariate linear and spatial regressions estimated explanatory factors' contributions for the last triennium. RESULTS: Municipalities with high rates of homicides (>34/100,000) doubled, reaching 21.5 %. Those rates were concentrated in big cities, and increased in smaller municipalities. Increases in critical areas were found in the Northeast and North regions: more than 40 % in the states of Sergipe, Bahia, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte and Roraima. Decreases occurred in the Southeast and Midwest regions: more than 35 % in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro states. The spatial model, with an 18.9 % higher R2 (0.706), showed a positive association for records of violence, Blacks, low-level education, municipalities >50,000 inhabitants and municipalities with homicide and municipal police. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in and the interiorisation of homicide risk areas in Brazil was observed, with displacement among regions (from the Southeast to the North/Northeast). The level of violence was the main explanatory factor for homicides. Territorial space proved to be important to understand and prevent lethal crime.


Asunto(s)
Carga Global de Enfermedades , Homicidio , Humanos , Ciudades/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Violencia
2.
Curr Pharm Des ; 27(26): 2956-2965, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33106139

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Cancer is a complex, multifactorial disease, and a major public health problem, as it is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although treatments have significantly improved, still more effective drugs are searched. One source for these drugs is natural products (NPs). One NP that has shown anticancer activity is Limonene. However, the mechanisms of limonene's antiproliferative, anticancer and antineoplastic activity are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on this subject. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was performed using the Scopus, MEDLINE-PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases using the keywords: "limonene", "cancer", "neoplasm", and "tumor". The inclusion criteria were: in vivo and in vitro studies on the use of limonene in cancer published in English, Portuguese and Spanish until December 2019. Review articles, meta-analyses, abstracts, conference papers, editorials/ letters and case reports were excluded. RESULTS: The search identified 3568 articles, of which, 126 were selected for full reading, with 11 papers meeting the review criteria. Six more papers were added from the references of the initial 11 texts, giving a total of 17 papers. There was a high level of agreement in inclusion/exclusion (Kappa index > 80%). The risk of bias in the texts was shown to be high. CONCLUSION: The meta-analysis suggests that limonene acts mainly on tumor regression induced apoptosis and is a promising natural product for use in the treatment of several types of cancer.


Asunto(s)
Proyectos de Investigación , Bases de Datos Factuales , Limoneno
3.
Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 24(2): 181-187, 2020 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32291547

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Major adult maxillary transverse discrepancies are usually treated with surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME), utilizing a combination of surgical and orthodontic techniques. Unfortunately, a consensus has not been reached on topics ranging from the best surgical technique that should be performed to the ideal expander type that should be installed. The present study sought to evaluate the efficiency and stability of the maxillary expansion achieved with two types of expanders following the same SARME procedure without pterygomaxillary disjunction (PMD). METHODS: Twenty-four patients with a maxillary transverse deficiency were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent the same SARME, and 12 received a bone-anchored (KLS Martin®) and 12 were installed with a tooth-borne (Hyrax®) expander. Dental impressions were collected both preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. These casts were scanned and the distances between specific interdental and intergingival points were measured and analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the effects expander type had on the efficiency of the maxillary expansion and long-term stability. RESULTS: Expansion in the anterior maxillary and premolar regions was found to be similar in both groups. In contrast, the tooth-borne device resulted in a significantly greater expansion in the molar region. CONCLUSION: The SARME technique without PMD is highly effective at treating adults with maxillary transverse deficiencies, and the type of expander selected depends on the location of the larger maxillary constriction region of each patient.


Asunto(s)
Maxilar , Técnica de Expansión Palatina , Adulto , Diente Premolar , Humanos , Diente Molar
4.
Clin Neurol Neurosurg ; 194: 105792, 2020 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32244037

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The risk of progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) related to the association of prognostic factors present at disease onset has rarely been explored. We aimed to construct a clinical risk score for MS long-term progression that could be easily applied in clinical practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Among 432 patients with MS, 288 patients were selected as a derivation sample for identification of the knowledge prognostic factors more associated with long-term progression. One point was given to each risk factor identified as statistically significant by the adjusted model, and the sum of the points gave the overall risk score. Subsequently the score was applied to the remaining 144 patients to confirm if those with higher scores had reached MS secondary progression. RESULTS: The prognostic factors identified as independently associated with long-term progression were: no specific MS treatment before EDSS 3, age of onset older than 30 years, pyramidal and cerebellar impairment as the first manifestation of disease, time interval between the first and second relapses less than 2 years, and African ancestry. There was no significant difference between expected and observed number of patients in progression (44 vs. 31, p = 0.966), indicating that the score was able to predict the progression in the validation sample. There was no significant difference between patients with low risk (≤ 2 points) (p = 0.98) and high risk (≥ 3 points) (p = 0.48) in the derivation versus validation samples. In the derivation sample, the patients with three or more points had a 2.8-fold increased risk of progression [hazard ratio (HR): 2.8; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.2-6.3; p = 0.014). CONCLUSION: The score proposed was capable of predicting long-term MS progression.


Asunto(s)
Esclerosis Múltiple/patología , Adulto , Edad de Inicio , Anciano , Población Negra , Brasil , Cerebelo/fisiopatología , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos Estadísticos , Pronóstico , Tractos Piramidales/fisiopatología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Medición de Riesgo , Adulto Joven
5.
Curr Top Med Chem ; 19(28): 2629-2639, 2019.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31670621

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: In the last few decades, mycoses caused by opportunistic fungi namely Candida species has gained significant attention. Such infections are very common and present high mortality rates, especially in immunocompromised patients. Currently, a limited number of antifungal drugs are available for the treatment of these infections and are also often related to severe adverse side effects. Therefore, new drugs and innovative technologies for the treatment of this infection are necessary. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of new drugs, formulations, as well as patents for the treatment of infections caused by Candida spp. METHODS: The present patent review was carried out through a specialized search database Espacenet. The patent selection was based on the following inclusion criteria: Recent patents published in English or Spanish containing candidiasis as the keyword in the title, abstract or full text. This survey was conducted in October and November 2018. RESULTS: As a result of that, 22 patents were selected to the final selection, the most common routes of application were oral (n = 6), vaginal (n = 6), topical (n = 5) and others (n = 5). This fact is related to the clinical manifestations of candidiasis. CONCLUSION: Through this review, it was possible to identify significant improvements and advances in the area of antifungal therapeutic innovation research. In addition, we demonstrated the growing interest of academic and industrial groups in pharmaceutical development and novel formulations for the treatment of candidiasis. New therapeutic options can contribute to improve the quality of patient's life, prevent infections and promote the search for an innovative and effective treatment of Candida infections.


Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Candidiasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Candidiasis/microbiología , Animales , Antifúngicos/administración & dosificación , Humanos
6.
PLoS One ; 14(2): e0211627, 2019.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30753197

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To analyze risk factors for recurrent toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. DESIGN: Single center prospective case series. POPULATION AND METHODS: A total of 230 patients with toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis were prospectively followed to assess recurrences. All patients were treated with a specific drug regime for toxoplasmosis in each episode of active retinochoroiditis. Individuals with chronic diseases and pregnant women were excluded. Survival analysis by extended Cox regression model (Prentice-Williams-Peterson counting process model) was performed to evaluate the time between recurrences according to some potential risk factors: age, number of retinochoroidal lesions at initial evaluation, sex and interferon gamma +874 T/A gene polymorphism. Hazard Ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were provided to interpret the risk effects. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-two recurrence episodes were observed in 104 (45.2%) patients during follow-up that lasted from 269 to 1976 days. Mean age at presentation was 32.8 years (Standard deviation = 11.38). The risk of recurrence during follow up was influenced by age (HR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.01-1.04) and number of retinochoroidal lesions at the beginning of the study (HR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.07-2.40). Heterozygosis for IFN-γ gene polymorphism at position +874 T/A was also associated with recurrence (HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.04-2.14). CONCLUSION: The risk of ocular toxoplasmosis recurrence after an active episode increased with age and was significantly higher in individuals with primary lesions, which suggests that individuals with this characteristic and the elderly could benefit from recurrence prophylactic strategies with antimicrobials. Results suggest an association between IFN-γ gene polymorphism at position +874T/A and recurrence.


Asunto(s)
Coriorretinitis/genética , Interferón gamma/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Toxoplasmosis Ocular/genética , Adolescente , Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Coriorretinitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Recurrencia , Factores de Riesgo , Análisis de Supervivencia , Toxoplasmosis Ocular/tratamiento farmacológico , Agudeza Visual/genética
7.
Theriogenology ; 108: 291-296, 2018 Mar 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29277069

RESUMEN

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of mastitis-causing bacteria and somatic cell count (SCC) on pregnancy per embryo transfer (P/ET) in Holstein-Gir crossbred (Girolando) lactating dairy cows. Cows (n = 1397) were subjected to a timed-embryo transfer protocol. Milk samples were collected two days before embryo transfer for SCC and bacteriological culture analyses. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed on days 31 and 66 after timed-embryo transfer. The animals were grouped according to the National Mastitis Council recommendations: Gram-positive environmental (EV+), Gram-negative environmental (EV-), Gram-positive contagious (C+), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) and control (no bacterial growth). Additional analysis was made by categorizing bacteria based on degree of pathogenicity (Major or Minor). Bacterial growth reduced P/ET (P < .01) at both 31 and 66 days of gestation. The P/ET was lower (P < .05) at 31 days in EV- (30.1%) and EV+ (29.9%) groups and tended (P = .09) to be lower in the C+ group (36.6%) than the control group (44.0%). The P/ET from the Major group at 31 days of gestation was lower (P = .03) compared with the Minor and control groups (32.1 vs 41.1 vs 43.2%, respectively). Cows with SCC > 400,000 cells/mL had lower P/ET (P < .01) than animals with SCC < 200,000 cells/mL at both 31 (30.4% vs 40.8%) and 66 days (24.7% vs 32.2%) of gestation. Pregnancy loss was not different between bacterial isolates and SCC categories. Elevated SCC significantly reduced P/ET, whereas environmental agents and those with Major pathogenicity yielded the greatest reduction in P/ET.


Asunto(s)
Transferencia de Embrión/veterinaria , Mastitis Bovina/microbiología , Animales , Bovinos , Femenino , Fertilidad , Infertilidad Femenina/microbiología , Mastitis Bovina/complicaciones , Leche/citología , Leche/microbiología , Embarazo
8.
J Neuroimmunol ; 310: 1-7, 2017 09 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28778431

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to analyze the HLA class II alleles in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and MS patients from Rio de Janeiro to clarify whether the pattern of genetic predisposition in NMO is different from the one seen in MS or whether it is possible to determine specific alleles of susceptibility or resistance. The DR3 haplotype was over represented in NMO while the DR15 was over represented in MS. The HLA-DRB1*03:01 allele was associated with NMO regardless the NMO-IgG status but did not influence the long term disability. The comparison of the allele and haplotype frequencies significantly discriminated patients with NMO vs. MS.


Asunto(s)
Cadenas HLA-DRB1/genética , Inmunoglobulina G/metabolismo , Esclerosis Múltiple/genética , Esclerosis Múltiple/inmunología , Neuromielitis Óptica/genética , Neuromielitis Óptica/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Brasil , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Femenino , Genotipo , Cadenas alfa de HLA-DQ/genética , Cadenas beta de HLA-DQ/genética , Cadenas beta de HLA-DQ/metabolismo , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Esclerosis Múltiple/diagnóstico por imagen , Neuromielitis Óptica/diagnóstico por imagen , Fenotipo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Adulto Joven
9.
Clin Neurol Neurosurg ; 151: 24-30, 2016 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27756020

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The natural history of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Brazil has been available in different regions of country. There is no nationwide population-based studies that express general data in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To review and synthesize available data about MS in Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Systematic review was performed through a search of medical literature databases to identify Brazilian studies published during 1990-2012. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, SciELO, and Lilacs. KEYWORDS: "Brazil" or "Brazilian" combined with the following terms: "multiple sclerosis", "clinical profile", "demographic profile", "natural history", "clinical course", "pediatric", or "familial form". RESULTS: In total of 45 pediatric and 1922 adult patients, the median age at onset was 10 years in pediatric patients and 32 years in adult patients. Women were more affected. Motor-control complaints and relapsing-remitting phenotype at onset were the most common. Predictors to disability and progression were number of relapses during the first year of disease, older age, male gender and African ancestry. CONCLUSIONS: The profile of the MS in Brazilian seems to correspond to that observed in high-MS-prevalence areas. African ancestry is a risk factor to disability and progression early. In Brazil, factors that limit MS incidence do not interfere with the clinical pattern and outcomes.


Asunto(s)
Progresión de la Enfermedad , Esclerosis Múltiple/epidemiología , Esclerosis Múltiple/fisiopatología , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino
10.
Geobiology ; 13(3): 245-66, 2015 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25773379

RESUMEN

Holocene stromatolites characterized by unusually positive inorganic δ(13) CPDB values (i.e. up to +16‰) are present in Lagoa Salgada, a seasonally brackish to hypersaline lagoon near Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Such positive values cannot be explained by phototrophic fixation of CO2 alone, and they suggest that methanogenesis was a dominating process during the growth of the stromatolites. Indeed, up to 5 mm methane was measured in the porewater. The archaeal membrane lipid archaeol showing δ(13) C values between -15 and 0‰ suggests that archaea are present and producing methane in the modern lagoon sediment. Moreover, (13) C-depleted hopanoids diplopterol and 3ß-methylated C32 17ß(H),21ß(H)-hopanoic acid (both -40‰) are preserved in lagoon sediments and are most likely derived from aerobic methanotrophic bacteria thriving in the methane-enriched water column. Loss of isotopically light methane through the water column would explain the residual (13) C-enriched pool of dissolved inorganic carbon from where the carbonate constituting the stromatolites precipitated. The predominance of methanogenic archaea in the lagoon is most likely a result of sulphate limitation, suppressing the activity of sulphate-reducing bacteria under brackish conditions in a seasonally humid tropical environment. Indeed, sulphate-reduction activity is very low in the modern sediments. In absence of an efficient carbonate-inducing metabolic process, we propose that stromatolite formation in Lagoa Salgada was abiotically induced, while the (13) C-enriched organic and inorganic carbon pools are due to methanogenesis. Unusually, (13) C-enriched stromatolitic deposits also appear in the geological record of prolonged periods in the Palaeo- and Neoproterozoic. Lagoa Salgada represents a possible modern analogue to conditions that may have been widespread in the Proterozoic, at times when low sulphate concentrations in sea water allowed methanogens to prevail over sulphate-reducing bacteria.


Asunto(s)
Bacterias/metabolismo , Carbono/química , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Metano/biosíntesis , Brasil , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiología , Fenómenos Geológicos
11.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; Rev. bras. plantas med;16(4): 819-825, oct.-dic. 2014. graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: lil-729889

RESUMEN

Electrocardiographic effects produced by Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) and by ginkgolides A (GA) and B (GB), and bilobalide (BB) were investigated in guinea pig heart mounted in Langendorff apparatus (Tyrode, 34 ± 0.1 ºC, 95% O2, 5% CO2). Electrocardiographic parameters were evaluated in the conditions: 1) control with Tyrode and DMSO, 2) EGb (n=4), GA (n=5), GB (n=5) or BB (n=6), and 3) washout. The results showed that 0.1 and 1.0 mg/ml of EGb do not change the electrocardiographic parameters. However, 10 mg/ml of EGb increased the PR interval (PRi) at 21% (p<0.001). This increase was also observed for 50 mM GA (20%, p<0.001) and 70 mM BB (13%, p<0.001), which indicates Ca2+ channel block. However, the 50 mM GB reduced the PRi at 11 % (p<0.001). The GA (23%, p<0.001), GB (16%, p<0.001), and BB (40%, p<0.001) reduced the QT interval (QTi), which suggests the activation of the potassium channel. However, EGb increased QTi (6%, p<0.001). The EGb (28%, p<0.05) and GB (13%, p<0.05) reduced the heart rate. Atrioventricular (AV) block was observed with EGb, GA, and BB. We can conclude that EGb and its terpenoids alter the ECG parameters inducing AV block, which indicates possible arrhythmogenic potential.


Os efeitos eletrocardiográficos produzidos pelo extrato de Ginkgo biloba (EGb) e gingkolídeos A (GA) e B (GB), e bilobalide (BB) foram investigados em coração de cobaia montado sistema de Langendorff (Tyrode, 34 ± 0.1 ºC, 95% O2, 5% CO2). Os parâmetros do ECG foram avaliados nas condições: 1) Tyrode e DMSO, 2) EGb (n=4), GA (n=5), GB (n=5) ou BB (n=6) diluídos em DMSO e 3) washout. Os resultados demonstram que 0,1 e 1,0 mg/mL de EGb não alteraram os parâmetros eletrocardiográficos. Entretanto, 10 mg/ml de EGb aumentaram o intervalo PR (PRi) em 21% (p<0.001). Esse aumento também foi observado com GA a 50µM (20%, p<0,001) e BB a 70 mM (13%, p<0,001) indicando bloqueio de canais de cálcio. Por outro lado, GB reduziu o PRi (11%, p<0,001). O intervalo QT (QTi) foi reduzido por GA (23%, p<0,001), GB (16%, p<0,001) e BB (40%, p < 0.001) sugerindo uma ativação de canais de potássio. Entretanto, EGb aumentou o QTi (6%, p<0.001). A frequência cardíaca foi reduzida por EGb (28%, p<0.05) e GB (13%, p<0.05). Bloqueios átrio-ventriculares (BAV) foram observados com EGb, GA e BB. Podemos concluir que EGb e os terpenos alteram parâmetros eletrocardiográficos induzindo BAV e demonstrando possível potencial arritmogênico.


Asunto(s)
Cobayas , Terpenos/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ginkgo biloba/efectos adversos , Electrocardiografía , Ginkgólidos/análisis , Bilobálidos/farmacología , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos
12.
Rev. paul. pediatr ; 30(3): 385-391, set. 2012. tab
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS | ID: lil-653745

RESUMEN

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o equilíbrio corporal e a marcha de escolares surdos e ouvintes e comparar os dados entre os grupos, considerando o sexo e a faixa etária da amostra. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal que avaliou 44 escolares surdos e 44 ouvintes, na faixa etária de sete a 17 anos. A avaliação do equilíbrio e das características da marcha foi realizada por meio da Escala de Equilíbrio e Mobilidade de Tinetti, e a velocidade da marcha, pelo teste Timed Up and Go. Para a análise dos dados foram utilizadas duas abordagens estatísticas: para o equilíbrio (teste t de Student) e para a marcha (teste do qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher). RESULTADOS: A avaliação do equilíbrio não demonstrou diferenças significativas entre os grupos, os sexos e as faixas etárias, apesar de os escolares surdos apresentarem menor desempenho clínico nas categorias avaliadas. Na avaliação das características da marcha, os resultados apontaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos (p<0,001), os sexos (p<0,001) e todas as faixas etárias: 7-10 anos (p=0,022) e 11 - 17 anos (p<0,001). Com relação à velocidade da marcha, os resultados demonstraram diferenças entre os grupos apenas para o sexo feminino (p=0,027) e na faixa etária entre 7 - 10 anos anos (p<0,001). CONCLUSÕES: Escolares surdos apresentaram alterações na marcha e maior risco para quedas quando comparados aos ouvintes.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the body balance and gait of deaf and hearing students and to compare data between groups, considering the gender and the age of the sample. METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated 44 deaf students and 44 hearing ones aged seven to 17 years-old. The evaluation of balance and gait characteristics was performed using the Tinetti Balance and Mobility Scale and the gait velocity with the test Timed Up and Go. For data analysis, two statistical approaches were applied: the Student's t-test to evaluate balance and the chi-square or Fisher's exact test to evaluate gait. RESULTS: The results from the balance evaluation did not show significant differences between groups, genders or age groups; however, the deaf scholars had worse performance on clinic balance in all categories. In the evaluation of gait characteristics, there were significant differences between groups (p<0.001), genders (p<0.001), and age groups: 7 - 10 years-old (p=0.022) and 11 - 17 years-old (p<0.001). With respect to gait speed, results showed significant differences between groups only for female students (p=0.027) aged 7 - 10 years-old (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Deaf students presented changes in gait and higher risk of falls compared with the hearing ones.


OBJETIVO: Evaluar el equilibrio corporal y la marcha de escolares sordos y oyentes y comparar los datos entre los grupos, considerando el género y la franja de edad de la muestra. MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte transversal, que evaluó a 44 escolares sordos y 44 oyentes de ambos los géneros, en la franja de edad de siete a 17 años. La evaluación del equilibrio y de las características de la marcha fue realizada por medio de la Escala de Equilibrio y Movilidad de Tinetti y la velocidad de la marcha, por la prueba Timed Up and Go. Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizaron dos acercamientos estadísticos: para el equilibrio (prueba t de Student) y para la marcha (prueba del chi cuadrado o exacto de Fisher). RESULTADOS: La evaluación del equilibrio no demostró diferencias significativas entre los grupos, los géneros y las franjas de edad, a pesar de que los estudiantes sordos presentan menor desempeño clínico en las categorías evaluadas. En la evaluación de las características de la marcha, los resultados apuntaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos (p<0,001), géneros (p<0,001) y todas las franjas de edad: siete y diez años (p=0,022) y 11 a 17 años (p<0,001). Respecto a la velocidad de la marcha, los resultados demostraron diferencias entre los grupos solamente para el género femenino (p=0,027) y en la franja de edad entre siete a diez años (p<0,001). CONCLUSIONES: Escolares sordos presentaron alteraciones en la marcha y mayor riesgo para caídas, cuando comparados a los oyentes, aunque no demuestren diferencias significativas en el equilibrio corporal.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Equilibrio Postural , Marcha , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural
13.
Nitric Oxide ; 27(1): 67-71, 2012 Jun 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22580230

RESUMEN

Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role as a leishmanicidal agent in murine macrophages. NO resistant Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been associated with poor outcomes of their resulting diseases. NO resistant Leishmania braziliensis has also been identified and exacerbates the clinical course of human leishmaniasis. We report, for the first time, natural resistance of Leishmania chagasi promastigotes to NO. These parasites were isolated from humans and dogs with visceral leishmaniasis. We also demonstrate that this resistance profile was associated with a greater survival capacity and a greater parasite burden in murine macrophages, independent of activation and after activation by IFN-γ and LPS.


Asunto(s)
Leishmania/efectos de los fármacos , Leishmaniasis Visceral/parasitología , Óxido Nítrico/farmacología , Animales , Brasil , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Perros , Resistencia a Medicamentos , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Leishmaniasis Visceral/tratamiento farmacológico , Leishmaniasis Visceral/veterinaria , Estadios del Ciclo de Vida , Macrófagos/parasitología , Ratones , Donantes de Óxido Nítrico/farmacología , Carga de Parásitos , S-Nitroso-N-Acetilpenicilamina/farmacología
14.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 141(1): 517-25, 2012 May 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22472105

RESUMEN

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The leaves of Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) have been popularly used in the treatment of diabetes in countries in Latin America and Africa. AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the hypoglycaemic properties and to determine the molecular mechanism by which the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Persea americana reduce blood glucose levels in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats via the enzymatic pathway of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt). METHODS: The hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Persea americana (0.15 and 0.3g/kg/day), vehicle and metformin (0.5g/kg/day) were administered orally to STZ-diabetic rats (n=7/group) for 4 weeks. Changes in body weight, food and water intake, fasting glucose levels and oral glucose tolerance were evaluated. Phosphorylation and the expression of PKB in the liver and soleus muscle were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: The hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Persea americana reduced blood glucose levels and improved the metabolic state of the animals. Additionally, PKB activation was observed in the liver and skeletal muscle of treated rats when compared with untreated rats. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Persea americana has anti-diabetic properties and possibly acts to regulate glucose uptake in liver and muscles by way of PKB/Akt activation, restoring the intracellular energy balance.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Activadores de Enzimas/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Persea , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Administración Oral , Animales , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/enzimología , Ingestión de Líquidos/efectos de los fármacos , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo Energético/efectos de los fármacos , Activación Enzimática , Activadores de Enzimas/administración & dosificación , Activadores de Enzimas/aislamiento & purificación , Etanol/química , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Hipoglucemiantes/administración & dosificación , Hipoglucemiantes/aislamiento & purificación , Insulina/sangre , Hígado/enzimología , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/enzimología , Persea/química , Fosforilación , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Hojas de la Planta , Plantas Medicinales , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Solventes/química , Factores de Tiempo , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacos
15.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 137(3): 1533-41, 2011 Oct 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21911047

RESUMEN

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The tea from the stem bark of Caesalpinia ferrea Martius (Leguminosae) has been popularly used in the treatment of diabetes in Brazil. AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the hypoglycaemic properties and to elucidate the mechanisms by which the aqueous extract of the stem bark of Caesalpinia ferrea reduces blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats via the enzymatic pathways of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The aqueous extract of the stem bark of Caesalpinia ferrea (300 and 450 mg/kg/day), vehicle and metformin (500 mg/kg/day) were administered orally to STZ-diabetic rats (n = 7/group) for 4 weeks. Changes in body weight, food and water intake, fasting glucose levels and oral glucose tolerance were evaluated. Phosphorylation (P) and the expression of Akt, AMPK and ACC in the liver and skeletal muscle were determined using Western blot. RESULTS: The aqueous extract of the stem bark of Caesalpinia ferrea reduced blood glucose levels and improved the metabolic state of the animals. P-Akt was increased in the liver and skeletal muscle of the treated animals, P-AMPK was reduced only in the skeletal muscle of these animals and P-ACC was reduced in both when compared with untreated rats. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the aqueous extract of the stem bark of Caesalpinia ferrea has hypoglycaemic properties and possibly acts to regulate glucose uptake in liver and muscles by way of Akt activation, restoring the intracellular energy balance confirmed by inhibition of AMPK activation.


Asunto(s)
Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Caesalpinia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/metabolismo , Acetil-CoA Carboxilasa/metabolismo , Administración Oral , Animales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Western Blotting , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Caesalpinia/química , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangre , Ingestión de Líquidos/efectos de los fármacos , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo Energético/efectos de los fármacos , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Hipoglucemiantes/administración & dosificación , Hipoglucemiantes/aislamiento & purificación , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/enzimología , Masculino , Metformina/farmacología , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/enzimología , Fosforilación , Corteza de la Planta , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Plantas Medicinales , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de Tiempo
16.
Carbohydr Res ; 346(5): 614-8, 2011 Apr 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21295769

RESUMEN

Solutions of chitin in Li(+)/N,N-dimethylacetamide systems were studied via viscometry, using LiCl concentrations of 3% and 5% (m/v) and chitin concentrations ranging from 0.075 to 0.375 gL(-1). The reduced viscosity number versus concentration plot showed a minimum that was related to the formation of Li(+)-OC complex moieties along chitin macromolecular chains. Viscosity behavior was affected by temperature according to the Eyring model: concentration dependence of flow enthalpy of activation was correlated to polymer-polymer interactions and flow entropy of activation to the stiffness of the complexed chitosan macromolecular chain.


Asunto(s)
Acetamidas/química , Quitina/química , Cloruro de Litio/química , Solventes/química , Estructura Molecular , Temperatura , Viscosidad
17.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 126(3): 468-73, 2009 Dec 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19781616

RESUMEN

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae) has long been used in traditional Brazilian medicine, especially to treat inflammatory and haemostatic diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY: The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute and subacute toxicity (45 days) of Schinus terebinthifolius via the oral route in Wistar rats of both sexes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the acute toxicity test, the dried extract of Schinus terebinthifolius bark was administered in doses from 0.625 to 5.0 g/kg (n=5/group/sex) and in the subacute toxicity test the following doses were used: 0.25, 0.625 and 1.5625 g/kg/day (n=13/group/sex), for 45 consecutive days. RESULTS: In the acute toxicity test, Schinus terebinthifolius did not produce any toxic signs or deaths. The subacute treatment with Schinus terebinthifolius did not alter either the body weight gain or the food and water consumption. The hematological and biochemical analysis did not show significant differences in any of the parameters examined in female or male groups, except in two male groups, in which the treatment with Schinus terebinthifolius (0.25 and 0.625 g/kg) induced an increase of mean corpuscular volume values (2.9 and 2.6%, respectively). These variations are within the physiological limits described for the specie and does not have clinical relevance. CONCLUSION: The acute and subacute administration of the dried extract of Schinus terebinthifolius bark did not produced toxic effects in Wistar rats.


Asunto(s)
Anacardiaceae/química , Corteza de la Planta/química , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Animales , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada , Pruebas de Química Clínica , Femenino , Pruebas Hematológicas , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta
18.
Rev Neurol ; 49(7): 343-8, 2009.
Artículo en Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19774527

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Cognitive impairment is a symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS); however, in the primary progressive form of the disease (PPMS), data on the prevalence and type of cognitive impairment are controversial. AIM: To evaluate the frequency of cognitive impairment, according to the diagnostic criteria defined by Thompson, in Brazilian patients with PPMS attending a referral center for the treatment of MS in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A battery of neuropsychological tests was used to evaluate the following cognitive functions: screening for dementia, attention/concentration, speed of information processing, verbal fluency, memory and abstract/conceptual thought. The Beck scale was used to evaluate mood disorders. Twenty-six patients with PPMS and 26 controls paired for gender, age and education level were evaluated. Statistical analysis was based on the study performed by Rao. RESULTS: The frequency of cognitive impairment in the PPMS patients in the present study was 50%. The cognitive functions most affected were: recent memory (60%), verbal fluency (40%) and speed of information processing (40%). Depression was more common in the PPMS patients compared to the control group; however, no association was found between cognitive impairment and depression. CONCLUSION: These results confirm the presence of cognitive impairment in PPMS and emphasize the need for further studies with larger sample sizes.


Asunto(s)
Trastornos del Conocimiento/fisiopatología , Trastornos del Conocimiento/psicología , Esclerosis Múltiple Crónica Progresiva/fisiopatología , Esclerosis Múltiple Crónica Progresiva/psicología , Atención , Brasil , Trastornos del Conocimiento/etiología , Humanos , Memoria , Esclerosis Múltiple Crónica Progresiva/complicaciones , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Desempeño Psicomotor , Conducta Verbal
19.
Med Phys ; 36(2): 642-4, 2009 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19292005

RESUMEN

Optical absorption and fluorescence measurements have been done on poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene]/[aluminum-tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)] solutions. The authors show that there is a visible response that covers the electronic absorption of bilirubin (350-500 nm), and hence, this material is applicable for managing the radiation doses planning before treatment of jaundice of neonates, which is one of the most common reasons of hospital readmission of newborns infants. The results show that the material presents a gradation of color from orange to yellow clearly, while its peak position emission shifts from orange-red (lambda(max) = 571 nm) to green (lambda(max) = 540 nm) with the radiation exposure time. The rate of these changes can be altered by manipulations of organic solution concentration and they are usually slow (from 2 to 8 h), suggesting these color and emission changes can be used to design an easy to make, easy to read, easy to operate, low cost (< US $0.50) and accuracy for individual monitoring indicator dosimeter in order to represent easily the radiation exposure time usually used in management of neonatal jaundice.


Asunto(s)
Luz , Radiometría/métodos , Absorción , Color , Humanos , Hidroxiquinolinas/química , Recién Nacido , Ictericia Neonatal/terapia , Fototerapia , Polivinilos/química , Dosis de Radiación , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia , Factores de Tiempo
20.
Langmuir ; 23(14): 7687-94, 2007 Jul 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17547429

RESUMEN

Particulate systems composed of polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) based on chitosan and poly(methacrylic acid) were obtained via template polymerization. The resultant particles were characterized as having regions with different charge densities: chitosan predominating in the core and poly(methacrylic acid) at the surface, the particles being negatively charged, as a consequence. Albumin was adsorbed on these particles (after cross-linking with glutardialdehyde), and pH was controlled to obtain two conditions: (i) adsorption of positively charged albumin and (ii) adsorption of albumin at its isoelectric point. Adsorption isotherms and zeta-potential measurements showed that albumin adsorption was controlled by hydrogen bonding/van der Waals interactions and that brush-like structures may enhance the adsorption of albumin on these particles. It was also found that shearing can induce desorption of albumin from the PEC surface, depending on the continuous phase albumin concentration.


Asunto(s)
Quitosano/química , Polímeros/química , Ácidos Polimetacrílicos/química , Albúmina Sérica Bovina/química , Adsorción , Electrólitos/química , Glutaral/química , Enlace de Hidrógeno , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Propiedades de Superficie , Difracción de Rayos X
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