[Alleged sexual assault. The role of the emergency department gynecologist]. / Riferita violenza sessuale. Il ruolo del ginecologo nel pronto soccorso.

The objective of this paper is to better understand the role of the Emergency department gynecologist in cases of alleged sexual assault. The gynecologist should know that he is a justice collaborator and, as public officer, he has to report to authorities every indictable offense. He should also know that patient's informed consent is required during each step of medical investigation. The doctor should indeed know when, how and where to find and collect evidence of crime and perform, in conformity with the victim's statement, specimens of biologic samples, a pregnancy test and a prophylaxis of sexually transmitted diseases. The gynecologist should evaluate psychological and general state of the patient, take the tailored medical history including the modalities of violent act, perform a physical examination, a genital and rectal examination with accurate description of the lesions and collect evidence of rape. The role of the gynecologist is to document all injuries in order to afterwards establish the conformity with patient's history. He should treat acute physical injuries, offer the counseling for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, for the pregnancy prophylaxis and emergency contraception and for psychosocial consequences, report to authorities as required by law and, at last, arrange for follow-up medical care and counseling. Personal experience highlights the necessity of a standard protocol to be used in all Emergency departments. This would allow and facilitate an uniform medical approach to the sexual assault victim as well as an accurate and correct collection of data for legal requirements.

[The role of the gynecologist in first aid in cases of sexual violence. A protocol proposal]. / Il ruolo del ginecologo di Pronto Soccorso nei casi di violenza sessuale. Proposta di protocollo.

The aim of this report is to provide a medical form to use in case of sexual assault, prepared taking into consideration the information lacking at present in most medical reports on the subject. This call for the necessity to conform the medical approach to the same protocol which may also be used from the forensic medicine point of view. More precise information should be obtained about the assault and the injuries inflicted, and also an immediate psychological support should be given to the victim. This information will then serve as a guide to the medical staff.

Italian population data on the loci LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8 and GC.

Allele and genotype frequencies for the five loci LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8 and GC were determined for 374 unrelated Italians using a multiplex PCR-amplification and typing commercial kit. The distribution of the genotype frequencies showed no deviations from Hardy-Weinberg expectations. The combined power of discrimination and chance of exclusion for all five loci were 0.999 and 0.702, respectively. A test for homogeneity was performed and no significant differences were observed among the Caucasian population samples.