This review addresses the prevalence and mutual influence of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (NSSI) and eating disorders (ED). The data on the role of demographic, social, biological and psychological variables in the formation of ED and NSSI comorbidity is presented. The authors analyze the influence of NSSI on the course of ED, as well as prognostic values of their combination. The problems of the choice of therapeutic tactics are also highlighted.
Feeding and Eating Disorders , Self-Injurious Behavior , Comorbidity , Feeding and Eating Disorders/epidemiology , Humans , Prevalence , Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology , Self-Injurious Behavior/psychology , Suicidal Ideation
The present review discusses the comorbidity of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) with other mental disorders. Data on the prevalence of mood, anxiety, psychotic and personality disorders are presented. The role of traumatic experience in the development of PNES is described. Special attention is given to PNES as an independent nosological entity and its place in the modern classifications of mental disorders.
Mental Disorders , Problem Behavior , Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology , Comorbidity , Humans , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Mental Disorders/psychology , Seizures/epidemiology , Seizures/psychology
OBJECTIVE: To investigate psychometric properties of the Russian version of the brief Reasons for Living Inventory (bRFL) in patients with non-psychotic mental disorders (NPMD) and to define its association with current suicide ideation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six hundred and 15 consecutive patients with NPMD were included. The median age was 27 (19) years; 403 (65.5%) were female. Cronbach's alpha, Cronbach's alpha coefficient if an item is deleted and corrected item-total correlation were used for the internal consistency evaluation. The internal structure assessment was based on the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. To identify an association of bRFL with current suicidal ideation, MANCOVA was used. RESULTS: An internal consistency of bRFL was good (Cronbach's Alpha-0.856). The exploratory factor analysis revealed a 6-factor model, explaining 80.22% of variance. These factors were: «survival and coping beliefs¼, «responsibility to family¼, «child related concerns¼, «fear of suicide¼, «fear of social disapproval¼ and «moral objections¼. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good agreement of the 6-factor model with an empirical data (CMIN/DF - 2.98, CFI - 0.956, SRMR - 0.05, RMSEA - 0.057, PNFI - 0.497). Regardless of gender and age, the total scores of bRFL and its subscales were significantly lower in patients with suicide ideation (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The Russian version of bRFL is a reliable and valid tool for the assessment of the adaptive beliefs and expectations that form an anti-suicidal barrier.
Adaptation, Psychological , Suicidal Ideation , Adult , Child , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Female , Humans , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and Questionnaires
The review provides epidemiological data and discuss the associated burden of non-epileptic seizures (PNES). Data on the prevalence, socio-demographic and clinical risk factors for the development of PNES are presented. The hypotheses of the PNES origin, including the contribution of psychological trauma, are considered. We also describe contemporary methods for differential diagnosis of epileptic seizures and PNES, including biomarkers and the use of diagnostic questionnaires. Special attention is given to the issues of the psychiatric comorbidity of PNES.
Electroencephalography , Epilepsy , Comorbidity , Diagnosis, Differential , Epilepsy/diagnosis , Epilepsy/epidemiology , Humans , Seizures/diagnosis , Seizures/epidemiology
This review focuses on studies of pain threshold and tolerance in individuals with nonsuicidal self-injurious (NSSI) behavior. The data on methods of pain sensitivity studies are presented, with issues in animal modeling of NSSI discussed separately. The results of neuroimaging studies on pain sensitivity in individuals with NSSI are described, along with contribution of genetic factors, psychological variables, and disturbances in opioid and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal systems. A critical methodological analysis of the studies on pain sensitivity in individuals with NSSI was performed.
Self-Injurious Behavior , Analgesics, Opioid , Humans , Pain Perception , Pain Threshold , Pituitary-Adrenal System
The review highlights contemporary views on the problem of suicide in patients with epilepsy. The most relevant theories are presented that describe the emergence of suicidal thoughts and the transition to suicidal attempts. Along with a description of risk factors, protective factors, as well as the possible impact of comorbidity, a description of methodological deficiencies in papers on suicide in patients with epilepsy is given. Recommendations for studies related to suicidal behaviour in patients with epilepsy are discussed.
Epilepsy/psychology , Suicide/psychology , Humans , Risk Factors , Suicidal Ideation , Suicide, Attempted
