Diabetes care and pregnancy outcomes for women with pregestational diabetes in Ireland.

AIMS: Pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) is associated with adverse outcomes. We aimed to examine pregnancies affected by PGDM; report on these pregnancy outcomes and compare outcomes for patients with type 1 versus type 2 diabetes mellitus; compare our findings to published Irish and United Kingdom (UK) data and identify potential areas for improvement. METHODS: Between 2016 and 2018 information on 679 pregnancies from 415 women with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and 244 women with type 2 diabetes was analysed. Data was collected on maternal characteristics; pregnancy preparation; glycaemic control; pregnancy related complications; foetal and maternal outcomes; unscheduled hospitalisations; congenital anomalies and perinatal deaths. RESULTS: Only 15.9% of women were adequately prepared for pregnancy. Significant deficits were identified in availability and attendance at pre-pregnancy clinic, use of folic acid, attaining appropriate glycaemic targets and appropriate retinal screening. The majority of pregnancies (n = 567, 83.5%) resulted in a live birth but the large number of infants born large for gestational age (LGA) (n = 280, 49.4%), born prematurely <37 weeks and requiring neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission continue to be significant issues. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective cohort study identifies multiple targets for improvements in the provision of care to women with pre-gestational DM which are likely to translate into better pregnancy outcomes.

An Irish National Diabetes in Pregnancy Audit: aiming for best outcomes for women with diabetes.

AIMS: The purpose of this study was to identify the number of pregnancies affected by pre-gestational diabetes in the Republic of Ireland; to report on pregnancy outcomes and to identify areas for improvement in care delivery and clinical outcomes. METHODS: Healthcare professionals caring for women with pre-gestational diabetes during pregnancy were invited to participate in this retrospective study. Data pertaining to 185 pregnancies in women attending 15 antenatal centres nationally were collected and analysed. Included pregnancies had an estimated date of delivery between 1 January and 31 December 2015. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 122 (65.9%) women with Type 1 diabetes and 56 (30.3%) women with Type 2 diabetes. The remaining 7 (3.8%) pregnancies were to women with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) (n = 6) and post-transplant diabetes (n = 1). Overall women were poorly prepared for pregnancy and lapses in specific areas of service delivery including pre-pregnancy care and retinal screening were identified. The majority of pregnancies 156 (84.3%) resulted in a live birth. A total of 103 (65.5%) women had a caesarean delivery and 58 (36.9%) infants were large for gestational age. CONCLUSIONS: This audit identifies clear areas for improvement in delivery of care for women with diabetes in the Republic of Ireland before and during pregnancy.

Pomalidomide-induced hypothyroidism.

Hypothyroidism is a recognized side effect of thalidomide drugs. We herein report a case of 83-year-old Irish female with a diagnosis of multiple myeloma and a background history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Our patient received pomalidomide and multiple courses of chemotherapy and achieved very good initial response for her multiple myeloma but subsequently she relapsed. She did not have any past history of thyroid disease or family history of thyroid disorders. Prior to treatment with pomalidomide, her thyroid function test was completely normal. She was commenced on pomalidomide in February 2017. Four weeks post treatment, she presented with worsening fatigue, and as a part of her workup, a thyroid function test was performed. Her free T4 was low at 7.2 pmol/L (reference range: 9.0-20.0) while her TSH was elevated at 44.7 mIU/L (reference range: 0.35-4.94). Pomalidomide treatment was terminated, and she was commenced on thyroid hormonal therapy replacement therapy with thyroxine with good clinical and biochemical response. Practitioners prescribing pomalidomide should be aware of this potential complication and patients who are receiving immunomodulatory drugs like pomalidomide should undergo regular thyroid hormone levels screen. LEARNING POINTS: Overt hypothyroidism is a side effect of pomalidomide.Thyroid function test should be included as a screening test with regular review in patients receiving pomalidomide.Unexplained worsening fatigue in patients receiving pomalidomide should raise the possibility of overt hypothyroidism.