Sestrin2 prevents neonatal incision pain and re-incision enhanced hyperalgesia in adult rats.

BACKGROUND: Improving the methods for recognizing pain is important for infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Sestrin2 is a novel stress-inducible protein with a neuroprotective role that functions as a molecular mediator of hormesis. Nevertheless, the role of sestrin2 in the pain process is still unclear. The following study examined the role of sestrin2 on mechanical hypersensitivity after pups incision, as well as enhanced pain hyperalgesia after adulthood re-incision in rats. METHODS: The experiment was divided into two parts: (1) studying the effect of sestrin2 in the neonatal incision; (2) studying the priming effect in adulthood re-incision. An animal model was established in seven-day-old rat pups with a right hind paw incision. Pups were intrathecally administrated rh-sestrin2 (exogenous sestrin2). Paw withdrawal threshold testing was performed to assay mechanical allodynia; tissue was analyzed in ex vivo using Western blot and immunofluorescence. SB203580 was further used to inhibit microglial function and evaluate the sex-dependent effect in adulthood. RESULTS: Sestrin2 expression increased transitorily in the spinal dorsal horn in pups after incision. Administration of rh-sestrin2 improved pups' mechanical hypersensitivity by regulating the AMPK/ERK pathway and alleviated re-incision-induced enhanced hyperalgesia in male and female adult rats. After administration of SB203580 in pups, the mechanical hyperalgesia following re-incision in adult rats was prevented in males but not females; however, the protective effect of SB203580 in males was counteracted by silencing sestrin2. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that sestrin2 prevents neonatal incision pain and re-incision enhanced hyperalgesia in adult rats. Moreover, microglia inhibition affects enhanced hyperalgesia only in adult males, which may be regulated through the sestrin2 mechanism. To sum up, these sestrin2 data may be a potential common molecular target for treating re-incision hyperalgesia in different sexes.

Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Phosphonates via Rh/f-spiroPhos Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of ß,ß-Disubstituted Unsaturated Phosphonates.

The first asymmetric hydrogenation of ß,ß-diaryl unsaturated phosphonates has been realized for synthesis of ß,ß-diaryl chiral phosphonates with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99.9% ee) catalyzed by the Rh-(R,R)-f-spiroPhos complex. Furthermore, this catalyst also exhibits comparably excellent performance for ß-aryl-ß-alkyl unsaturated phosphonates providing the corresponding chiral phosphonates with up to 99.9% ee values. This methodology provides a straightforward access to asymmetric synthesis of chiral phosphonates.

Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroboration of 2 H-Chromenes Using a Chiral Diphosphine Ligand.

A highly regioselective asymmetric hydroboration of 2 H-chromenes catalyzed by the complex of CuCl and diphosphine ligand ( S, R)-DuanPhos has been realized under mild conditions to produce 3-boryl chromans, achieving good yields and excellent enantioselectivities up to 96% ee. This work provides an efficient approach to the synthesis of chiral 3-boryl chromans and derivatives.

Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coffee and tea samples by magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with HPLC-FLD.

This study reports the synthesis of a benign nano-adsorbent based on an ionic liquid of immobilized Fe3O4@3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate@ionic liquid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@MPS@IL NPs). This material was applied to the magnetic solid phase extraction of seven heavy molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from coffee and tea samples for high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection. The effects of various parameters of the analytical method were investigated, including pH, sorbent amount, desorption solvent, desorption volume, and extraction and desorption time. Under the optimized conditions, good linearities were obtained, with correlation coefficients (R(2)) between 0.9987 and 0.9998. The detection limits of the proposed method were in the range of 0.1-10ngL(-1). The spiked recoveries of the seven PAHs in coffee and tea samples ranged from 87.5% to 104.5%, with RSDs of less than 3.7%. In addition, a satisfactory reproducibility was achieved, with intra- and inter-day precisions with RSDs of less than 3.1% and 3.8%, respectively.

[Effect of interleukin-1alpha on the phagocytic function in cultured human trabecular meshwork cells].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) on the phagocytic function in cultured human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells. METHODS: HTM Cells were cultured and subcultured in vitro. The third to fifth passage of HTM cells were treated with different concentrations of IL-1alpha or vehicle in DMEM/F12 medium. 1000 of 0.85 microm microsphere/per cell were added to each well. The morphological changes of HTM cells were observed by an inverted phase-contrast microscope and electron microscope. The cellular phagocytic function of HTM cells was evaluated by counting the numbers of microsphere in 20 HTM cells using a light microscope. RESULTS: The break of HTM cell membrane was found under the electron microscope. The numbers of microsphere in HTM cells was significantly (P = 0.005) reduced in a dose- and incubation time-dependent manner (F = 3.603, P = 0.046, F = 15.846, P = 0.005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: IL-1alpha affects the phagocytic function of HTM cells that is correlated to the concentration and the incubation time.