Sugarcane is the most important sugar crop and one of the leading energy-producing crops in the world. Ratoon stunting disease (RSD), caused by the bacterium Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, poses a huge threat to ratoon crops, causing a significant yield loss in sugarcane. Breeding resistant varieties is considered the most effective and fundamental approach to control RSD in sugarcane. The exploration of resistance genes forms the foundation for breeding resistant varieties through molecular technology. The pglA gene is a pathogenicity gene in L. xyli subsp. xyli, encoding an endopolygalacturonase. In this study, the pglA gene from L. xyli subsp. xyli and related microorganisms was analyzed. Then, a non-toxic, non-autoactivating pglA bait was successfully expressed in yeast cells. Simultaneously the yeast two-hybrid library was generated using RNA from the L. xyli subsp. xyli-infected sugarcane. Screening the library with the pglA bait uncovered proteins that interacted with pglA, primarily associated with ABA pathways and the plant immune system, suggesting that sugarcane employs these pathways to respond to L. xyli subsp. xyli, triggering pathogenicity or resistance. The expression of genes encoding these proteins was also investigated in L. xyli subsp. xyli-infected sugarcane, suggesting multiple layers of regulatory mechanisms in the interaction between sugarcane and L. xyli subsp. xyli. This work promotes the understanding of plant-pathogen interaction and provides target proteins/genes for molecular breeding to improve sugarcane resistance to L. xyli subsp. xyli.
Here, two isomeric ionic zero-dimensional indium bromide crystals of α (1)/ß (2)-[OPy][InBr4(Phen)] (OPy = N-octylpyridinium; Phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) have been isolated simply by changing the cooling conditions in solvothermal syntheses. Structural comparisons indicate their different supramolecular interactions, which can be confirmed by Hirshfeld surface analyses. The crystal 2 has additional hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions; as a result, the more compact stacking of 2 could result in a 10-fold higher photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (PLQY) than that of 1. Density functional theory calculations confirm the electron transition from the inorganic moiety to the organic ligand, which provides a further understanding of the optical process. This work provides a new idea for designing PL indium-based halides by understanding the structure-PL relationship.
BACKGROUND: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) leads to high plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and early cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We treated a pair of siblings with FH. The cardiovascular manifestations in the proband were more severe than those in his elder sister, although they had almost similar LDL-C levels, ages, and lifestyles. Herein, we report the cases of this family to explore the possible causes of clinical phenotypic differences within the same genetic background. CASE PRESENTATION: We treated a 27-year-old male patient and his 30-year-old sister, both with FH. The coronary angiogram in the male patient revealed 80, 70, and 100% stenosis of the initial, distal right coronary artery branch, and left anterior descending branch, respectively, whereas his sister had almost no coronary stenosis. We treated them accordingly and performed family screening. We found that the LDL-C/particle discordance of the proband is much greater than that of his elder sister. In addition, the average size of LDL-C particle in the proband was smaller than that in his sister. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with FH have a much higher risk of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but the clinical manifestations are heterogeneous. The smaller LDL particle size may be the underlying cause for different clinical outcomes in this pair of FH cases and be a potential novel indicator for predicting the prognosis of FH.
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II , Siblings , Male , Humans , Cholesterol, LDL , Constriction, Pathologic , Phenotype
Bismuth-halide-based inorganic-organic hybrid materials (Bi-IOHMs) are desirable in luminescence-related applications due to their advantages such as low toxicity and chemical stability. Herein, two Bi-IOHMs of [Bpy][BiCl4(Phen)] (1, Bpy = N-butylpyridinium, Phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) and [PP14][BiCl4(Phen)]·0.25H2O (2, PP14 = N-butyl-N-methylpiperidinium), containing different ionic liquid cations and same anionic units, have been synthesized and characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that compounds 1 and 2 crystallize in the monoclinic space group of P21/c and P21, respectively. They both possess zero-dimensional ionic structures and exhibit phosphorescence at room temperature upon excitation of UV light (375 nm for 1, 390 nm for 2), with microsecond lifetime (24.13 µs for 1 and 95.37 µs for 2). Hirshfeld surface analysis has been utilized to visually exhibit the different packing motifs and intermolecular interactions in 1 and 2. The variation in ionic liquids makes compound 2 have a more rigid supramolecular structure than 1, resulting in a significant enhancement in photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), that is, 0.68% for 1 and 33.24% for 2. In addition, the ratio of the emission intensities for compounds 1 and 2 shows a correlation with temperature. This work provides new insight into luminescence enhancement and temperature sensing applications involving Bi-IOHMs.
Recently zero-dimensional (0-D) inorganic-organic metal halides (IOMHs) have become a promising class of optoelectronic materials. Herein, we report a new photoluminescent (PL) 0-D antimony(III)-based IOMH single crystal, namely [H2BPZ][SbCl5]·H2O (BPZ = benzylpiperazine). Photophysical characterizations indicate that [H2BPZ][SbCl5]·H2O exhibits singlet/triplet dual-band emission. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that [H2BPZ][SbCl5]·H2O has the large energy difference between singlet and triplet states, which might induce the dual emission in this compound. Temperature-dependent PL spectra analyses suggest the soft lattice and strong electron-phonon coupling in this compound. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the water molecules in the lattice of the title crystal could be removed by thermal treatment, giving rise to a dehydrated phase of [H2BPZ][SbCl5]. Interestingly, such structural transformation is accompanied by a reversible PL emission transition between red light (630 nm, dehydrated phase) and yellow light (595 nm, water-containing phase). When being exposed to an environment with 77% relative humidity, the emission color of the dehydrated phase was able to change from red to yellow within 20 s, and the red emission could be restored after reheating. The red to yellow emission switching could be achieved in acetone with water concentration as low as 0.2 vol%. The reversible PL transition phenomenon makes [H2BPZ][SbCl5]·H2O a potential material for luminescent water-sensing.
Hot Temperature , Hyperthermia, Induced , Antimony , Chlorides , Luminescence , Halogens
Atherosclerosis (AS) is chronic pathological process based on the inflammatory reaction associated with factors including vascular endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and autoimmunity. Inflammasomes are known to be at the core of the inflammatory response. As a pattern recognition receptor of innate immunity, the NLRP3 inflammasome mediates the secretion of inflammatory factors by activating the Caspase-1, which is important for maintaining the immune system and regulating the gut microbiome, and participates in the occurrence and development of AS. The intestinal microecology is composed of a large number of complex structures of gut microbiota and its metabolites, which play an important role in AS. The gut microbiota and its metabolites regulate the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome and regulating intestinal microecology represent a new direction for the treatment of AS. This paper systematically reviews the interaction between the NLRP3 inflammasome and gut microbiome in AS, strategies for targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome and gut microbiome for the treatment of AS, and provides new ideas for the research and development of drugs for the treatment of AS.
Atherosclerosis , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology , Humans , Inflammasomes , Inflammation/metabolism , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein
Oxidative coupling and oxidative rearrangement are two of the most common biosynthetic strategies to form diaryl ethers. In contrast, enzymatic diaryl ether generation that proceeds in a nonoxidative manner has not been characterized thus far. Here, we discovered a versatile thioesterase (TE) domain from the nonreducing polyketide synthase (nrPKS) AN7909, which catalyzes diaryl ether formation through a series of successive steps involving esterification, a Smiles rearrangement, and hydrolysis. Further mutations and biochemical analyses with synthetic mimic substrates provide insight into the proposed catalytic process of the TE domain.
Ether , Polyketide Synthases , Polyketide Synthases/chemistry , Polyketide Synthases/genetics , Thiolester Hydrolases/chemistry
Zero-dimensional (0D) organic-inorganic metal halides (OIMHs) hold promise in photoluminescence properties and related applications. Thus far, the photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of the reported 0D hybrid antimony(III) bromides (HABs) are not as high as those of the chloride analogs; therefore, the improvement of PLQY is an important issue for luminescent HABs. Herein, a supramolecular interaction adjustment strategy to improve the PLQYs of HABs is proposed. Two isostructural 0D HABs that crystallize with different lattice solvent molecules, namely [EtPPh3]2[SbBr5]·EtOH (1·EtOH-Br; EtPPh3 = ethyltriphenylphosphonium; EtOH = ethanol) and [EtPPh3]2[SbBr5]·MeCN (1·MeCN-Br; MeCN = acetonitrile), have been synthesized. Both of them exhibit typical self-trapped exciton (STE) photoluminescence (PL) with broad emission, a large Stokes shift and a long lifetime. They show deviation in deep-red emission peaks (655 nm vs. 661 nm) owing to the difference in the distortion level of [SbBr5]2- anions. Most importantly, 1·EtOH-Br exhibits a nearly one-fold enhancement in PLQY compared to 1·MeCN-Br (18.26% vs. 9.29%). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, hydrogen bonding analysis and Hirshfeld surface analysis suggest that the PLQY enhancement is due to the structural rigidity improvement brought by hydrogen bonding adjustments between the inorganic [SbBr5]2- anions and solvent molecules. This work provides a new insight into the structure-property relationship study and PLQY improvement for 0D OIMHs.
Compound [C5mim][Mim]2[SbCl6] (1; [C5mim]+ = 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium; [Mim]+ = N-methylimidazolium) with dual cations exhibits the first case of deep-red emission in [SbCl6]3--based 0D OIMHs. Anion distortion due to high disequilibrium of supramolecular interactions is revealed to be responsible for the extremely large Stokes shift of 335 nm and FWHM of 210 nm in the emission.
Zero-dimensional (0D) metal halides with solid-state luminescence switching (SSLS) have attracted attention as sensors and luminescent anticounterfeiting. Herein, selective solvent molecule response and accordingly luminescence switching were discovered in 0D [EtPPh3]2[SbCl5] (1, EtPPh3 = ethyltriphenylphosphonium). More than a dozen kinds of solvent molecules have been tested to find out the selection rule for molecule absorption in 1, which is demonstrated to be the size effect of guest molecules. Confirmed by crystal structural analysis, only the solvents with molecular volume less than 22.3 Å3 could be accommodated in 1 leading to the solvatochromic photoluminescence (PL). The mechanism of solvatochromic PL was also deeply studied, which was found to be closely related to the supramolecular interactions between solvent molecules and the host material. Different functional groups of the solvent molecule can affect its strength of hydrogen bonding with [SbCl5]2-, which is crucial for the distortion level of [SbCl5]2- unit and thus results in not only distinct solvatochromic PL but also distinct thermochromic PL. In addition, they all show typical self-trapped exciton triplet emissions. The additional supramolecular interactions from guest molecules can enhance the photoluminescence quantum yield to be as high as 95%.
Sensitivity and pressure range are two significant parameters of pressure sensors. Existing pressure sensors have difficulty achieving both high sensitivity and a wide pressure range. Therefore, we propose a new pressure sensor with a ternary nanocomposite Fe2O3/C@SnO2. The sea urchin-like Fe2O3 structure promotes signal transduction and protects Fe2O3 needles from mechanical breaking, while the acetylene carbon black improves the conductivity of Fe2O3. Moreover, one part of the SnO2 nanoparticles adheres to the surfaces of Fe2O3 needles and forms Fe2O3/SnO2 heterostructures, while its other part disperses into the carbon layer to form SnO2@C structure. Collectively, the synergistic effects of the three structures (Fe2O3/C, Fe2O3/SnO2 and SnO2@C) improves on the limited pressure response range of a single structure. The experimental results demonstrate that the Fe2O3/C@SnO2 pressure sensor exhibits high sensitivity (680 kPa-1), fast response (10 ms), broad range (up to 150 kPa), and good reproducibility (over 3500 cycles under a pressure of 110 kPa), implying that the new pressure sensor has wide application prospects especially in wearable electronic devices and health monitoring.
We present a facile protocol for the controlled growth of highly oriented and polyoxometalate-incorporating HKUST-1 SURMOFs. Combining the spin-coating technique with alcohol-vapour induced growth, film thickness, crystallite orientation and crystal size can be precisely tuned. The SURMOFs exhibit excellent abilities in selective adsorption of cationic dyes and water oxidation.
The different hydrogen bond interactions in two organic-inorganic hybrid manganese halide compounds, namely [A]2[MnBr4] (A = N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium ([P14]+) for (1) and N-butyl-N-methylpiperidinium ([PP14]+) for (2)), lead to distinct photoluminescence quantum yields (81% for 1; 55% for 2). Further applications of luminescent 1 are also developed.
A series of hybrid tellurium chlorides based on ionic liquids (ILs), namely, α-[Bmim]2TeCl6 (1, Bmim = 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium), ß-[Bmim]2TeCl6 (2), [HOOCMim]2TeCl6 (3, HOOCMim = 1-carboxymethyl-3-methyl imidazolium), [Bzmim]2TeCl6 (4, Bzmim = 1-benzyl-3-methyl imidazolium), [EPy]2TeCl6 (5, EPy = 1-ethylpyridinium), [Bmmim]2TeCl6 (6, Bmmim = 1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl imidazolium), have been synthesized and characterized. Different kinds of supramolecular networks have been obtained via self-assemblies of isolated [TeCl6]2- anions and various ionic liquid cations. Interestingly, all the title compounds exhibit semiconducting behaviors: their optical absorption edges calculated from reflectance spectra are in the range of 2.54-2.68 eV; their electrical conductivities measured by using two-probe direct current (DC) method indicate values from 2.06 × 10-9 to 4.65 × 10-6 S/cm, which are typical for semiconductors and comparable to the reported crystalline hybrid metal halides. The luminescent property studies reveal that only compounds 3 and 6 exhibit intense emissions both at 77 and 298 K, probably owing to the minimum distortion of the TeCl6 octahedra in 3 and 6.
Hainanmycin is a new veterinary polyether antibiotic and has few sensitive analytical method in present days. In this study, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) relying on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) detection was developed for analysis of hainanmycin in animal feed. Feed samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and purified by two steps of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) to get rid of water solvable matrix and lipids one by one. The final simple was analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The LC mobile phase was composed of 0.1% aqueous formic acid and 0.1% formic acidified acetonitrile by gradient elution. Average recoveries ranged from 74.22% to 87.85%, as determined by spiking with 2.0 (LOQ) â¼2500µgkg-1 of hainanmycin. The inter-day and intra-day coefficient of variation was 9.21% to 11.77% and 7.67% to 13.49%, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.36µgkg-1 and 2.0µgkg-1, respectively.
Animal Feed/analysis , Chromatography, Liquid/methods , Ethers/analysis , Ionophores/analysis , Liquid-Liquid Extraction/methods , Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods , Ethers/chemistry , Ethers/isolation & purification , Ionophores/chemistry , Ionophores/isolation & purification , Limit of Detection , Linear Models , Reproducibility of Results
A water-stable Eu-coordination polymer (CP), namely [HMIm]Eu(DHBDC)2 (1) (HMIm = 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium; H2DHBDC = 2,5-dihydroxytelephthalic acid), was obtained using ionothermal synthesis. 1 represents the first coordination polymer capable of qualitative and quantitative detection of Ba(2+) in aqueous solutions with a fluorescent enhancement that is visible to the human eye, which can be ascribed to the formation of fluorescent compound Ba(DHBDC) (2) during the detection process. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) makes 1 a potential material for a fluorescence thermometer. Furthermore, the detection process for Ba(2+) using 1 turns the one-PL transition fluorescence thermometer into a two-PL transition fluorescence thermometer, increasing the accuracy of the fluorescence thermometer.
An antimony-based photoluminescent ionic liquid, namely [Bmim]2SbCl5, has been synthesized and characterized. It exhibits bright yellow and white light emission, with quantum yield as high as 86.3% under UV irradiation.
Five novel praseodymium-antimony oxochloride (Pr-Sb-O-Cl) cluster-based compounds, namely (2-MepyH)2[Fe(1,10-phen)3]2[Pr4Sb12O18Cl14.6(OH)2.4(Hsal)]·H2O (1), (2-MepyH)2[Fe(1,10-phen)3]4{[Pr4Sb12O18Cl13.5(OH)0.5](bcpb)2[Pr4Sb12O18Cl13.5(OH)0.5]}·42H2O (2), (3-MepyH)2[Fe(1,10-phen)3]{[Pr4Sb12O18Cl13(H2O)2](bcpb)}·2(3-Mepy)·3H2O (3), [Fe(1,10-phen)3]2{[Pr4Sb12O18Cl10(H2O)2](bcpb)2}·3(3-Mepy)·13H2O (4), and (2-MepyH)6[Fe(1,10-phen)3]10{[Pr4Sb12O18Cl13(OH)2]2[Pr4Sb12O18Cl9][Pr4Sb12O18Cl9(OH)2]2(Hpdc)10(pdc)2}·110H2O (5) (2-Mepy = 2-methylpyridine, 3-Mepy = 3-methylpyridine, 1,10-phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, H2sal = salicylic acid, H3bcpb = 3,5-bis(4-carboxyphenoxy)benzoic acid, H3pdc = 3,5-pyrazoledicarboxylic acid) have been solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. Compound 1 is the first zero-dimensional (0D) Pr-Sb-O-Cl cluster decorated by an organic ligand. Compounds 2-4 are constructed from the same H3bcpb ligands but adopt different structures: 2 represents a rare example of a one-dimensional (1D) nanotubular structure based on high-nuclearity clusters; 3 exhibits a two-dimensional (2D) mono-layered structure, in which left-handed and right-handed helical chains are alternately arranged, while 4 features a double-layered structure with an unprecedented (3,3,6)-connected 3-nodal topological net. Compound 5 is a unique three-dimensional (3D) 2-fold interpenetrating racemic compound, simultaneously containing three kinds of Pr-Sb-O-Cl-pdc clusters. UV-light photocatalytic H2 evolution activity was observed for compound 3 with Pt as a co-catalyst and MeOH as a sacrificial electron donor. In addition, the magnetic properties of compounds 1 and 5 are also studied.
