LC-MS/MS and GC-MS based phytochemical perspectives and antimicrobial effects of endophytic fungus Chaetomium ovatoascomatis isolated from Euphorbia milii.

The antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Euphorbia milii was evaluated against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, unicellular yeast, and filamentous fungi. Chaetomium ovatoascomatis NRC was identified morphologically and genetically as the most active strain. The total ethyl acetate extract of C. ovatoascomatis NRC demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative; Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteric, and fungi; Aspergillus niger with MIC of 62.5 ug/ml. Whereas n-hexane fraction demonstrated broader activity against Gram-positive; Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus cereus, Gram-negative; Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteric, fungi; Candida albicans and F. solani. LC-MS/MS analysis of ethyl acetate strain extract and GC-MS analysis of the n-hexane fraction were used to identify the metabolites of the strain extract. LC-MS/MS determined three major metabolites with potential antimicrobial activities including grevilline B, aflatoxin G2 and apigenin. GC-MS analysis of n-hexane fraction tentatively identified 30 compounds, where 9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester was the major compound.

The effect of activated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on tricalcium hydroxyapatite phosphate healing in experimental, partial defects of long bone shafts in animal models.

The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of autologous activated platelet-rich plasma on healing of a bone substitute - tricalcium phosphate hydroxyapatite in experimental long bone defects using an animal model. The experiment involved an animal model of femoral defect. 24 Termond white rabbits were used in the study. We evaluated the effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on tricalcium phosphate using classical radiology, micro-CT studies, strength tests and histological evaluation. Radiological and histological assessment did not show a beneficial effect of PRP together with a bone substitute in comparison to filling the defects only with bone replacement material. The only benefit of adding platelet-rich plasma to a bone substitute was shown in microCT imaging. Autologous, activated platelet-rich plasma combined with hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate has a positive effect on the remodeling of the newly formed bone tissue, increasing its density.

Autologous activated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in bone tissue healing - does it work? Assessment of PRP effect on bone defect healing in animal models.

INTRODUCTION: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparations can be used in bone tissue healing but there are numerous doubts among clinical orthopedists about effectiveness of this method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The studies were carried out in 12 rabbits of white termond breed. In operating room we operationally generated cylindrical, unicortical defects of the diameter of 4 mm in the middle of the shafts of both femurs. The defects in the left bones were left without filling and served as controls, and 0.7 ml of the ready-to-use PRP was administered to the defects in the right bones (experimental group). We evaluated the usefulness of the diagnostic methods applied: biomechanical tests, micro-CT tests, densitometry, typical radiology, macroscopic measurements, histopathological examinations. RESULTS: The macroscopic measurements showed a statistically significant increase in the dimension in the area of the right defect filled with PRP in relation to the control group. In experimented group, the assessment of the X-ray images showed the formation of a callus cuff around the defects. Densitometric examinations showed no statistically significant differences between defects in the experimental and control group. The analysis of the micro-CT examina- tions showed an increase in the total volume of the tissue examined (Vb) and the low density tissue fraction (Vb2) in the experimental group. The biomechanical examinations revealed signi- ficant decrease in the maximum breaking force (F max) necessary to break the bone in the experi- mental group in relation to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) stimulates bone formation in the area of bone defects and may accelerate bone regeneration.

Applications of Plackett-Burman and Central Composite Design for the Optimization of Novel Brevundimonas diminuta KT277492 Chitinase Production, Investigation of its Antifungal Activity

ABSTRACT Biological control strategy which can damage chitin, a vital component of pathogenic fungi and arthropods promises a safe solution for many fungal problems. And it's more favorable than chemicals which increase health risks and environmental problems. Thus, the chitinase producers appear potential candidates of biological control of pathogenic fungi. Brevundimonus diminuta KT277492 is a new isolate that has been isolated recently from Egyptian soil. Significant factors that affecting the chitinase enzyme production were studied and optimized using Plackett-Burman and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). As a result, maximum production of chitinase enzyme was 832.87 IUL-1, this result presented about 8.767-fold increase in the enzyme production. In the last phase of the study, partially purified chitinase enzyme obtained from B. diminuta KT277492 was tested against two pathogenic fungi and the results showed good inhibitory activity against A. alternata and F. solani with IZD of 31±0.25 and 25±0.91 mm respectively. Finally, obtained results indicated the value of optimization process and the optimized chitinase enzyme could be an excellent choice in application of food and biotechnology as a biofungicide. This reflects the necessity of studying the characteristics and kinetics of the enzyme in the forthcoming study.

[The investigation of causes of treatment failures of osteosarcoma]. / Poszukiwanie przyczyn niepowodzen leczenia osteosarcoma.

A series of 57 patients (32 females, 25 males) aged 12-41 (mean 17.2) treated due to IIB advanced osteosarcoma has been analyzed. From among 20 patients who underwent surgery only, 2 persons survived. In 10 patients supplementary chemotherapy or preventive lung radiotherapy has been used. Two patients survived more than 5 years. In past 11 years 4 pre and postoperative chemotherapy protocols have been used. Big number of failures has been noted in the first few years. Despite chemotherapy recurrence took place in 6 cases. Failures resulted also from the late diagnosis or discontinued treatment. During last 5 years all 6 osteosarcoma patients received chemotherapy at Hematology and Pediatric Oncology Department and tumor resection has been performed. All patients stay alive (2 to 5 years).

[Surgical approach to the atlas and axis]. / Dojscie chirurgiczne do kregu szczytowego i obrotowego.

On the basis of three operated patients a posterior, lateral and antero-lateral approaches to the atlas and axis are presented. The type of approach depends on location and extent of a lesion in the vertebra.

[Treatment of neoplastic bony metastasis]. / Leczenie przerzutów nowotworów do kosci.

The means and results of treatment of 113 patients with neoplastic metastases into the bone were presented. Conservative and surgical treatment was employed in 65 and 48 patients respectively. The use of bony cement and of connecting elements (so called neoplastic prostheses included) have broaden possibilities of surgical treatment. The pain was reduced usually even eliminated in all the patients. Most of them regained function of the extremity involved, some of them returned to their previous occupation. The longest survival period was observed in patients with kidney cancer metastases.

[Characteristics and diagnosis of neoplastic metastasis to bones]. / Charakterystyka i rozpoznawanie przerzutów nowotworów do kosci.

On the basis of the analysis of 156 hospitalized patients, the most important traits differentiating metastasis of various organs to the bones have been presented. It has been found that the bones are most frequently invaded by kidney cancer, somewhat less frequently by breast cancer and the bronchus cancer and markedly more rarely by cancer of other organs. The types of metastasis expansion in the bones were determined radiologically: the most frequent--osteolytic, less frequent--mixed, and the osteoplastic type (prostate cancer, gall-bladder cancer, and pancreas cancer). Metastasis is situated most often in the spine and the femur. The authors have also presented the tactics of diagnosis of metastasis by using data from anamnesis, clinical and radiological examination and directed specialist examinations, for instance arteriography of the kidneys at suspicion of kidney cancer. In spite of complex diagnostics the source of metastasis was not found in over a dozen of patients.

[Calcinosis tumoralis. Pharmacological alternatives to surgical treatment and its etiological justification]. / Calcinosis tumoralis. Farmakologiczna alternatywa leczenia operacyjnego i jej uzasadnienie etiologiczne.

A detailed case history of a 6 years old child, including biochemical and radiological examinations, has been presented. The disease started with a commonplace contusion of the patella and rapidly progressed after arthrotomy. Dihydroxy-aluminium-natrium carbonicum was applied as well as the low calcium and phosphorus diet. After 4 weeks of treatment, the joint recovered its correct contours; and after further 7 months, only vestigial calcification was observed.

[Diagnostic and therapeutic problems of congenital pseudarthrosis of the lower leg in children]. / Diagnostische und therapeutische Probleme der kongenitalen Pseudarthrose des Unterschenkels bei Kindern.

So-called pseudarthrosis of the lower leg is a rare condition whose treatment entails major therapeutic problems. The first symptoms of this disease are structural changes thinning, and sclerosis of the tibia and fibula, as well as varus and antecurvation malposition? of the axis. In all of the authors' patients the pseudarthrosis occurred as a secondary phenomenon, three times in attempts to correct the lower leg axis surgically; in two children spontaneous fractures occurred due to fatigue and in two others after stumbling. In all seven of the surgically treated children and in three of the six in the outpatient group café-au-lait spots were seen. The neurofibromatosis was also confirmed by histological examinations in all of the surgically treated children. Not only the views concerning etiology, but also therapy have changed. Our present treatment method is undoubtedly a success as compared to that used on our first patients. On the basis of our surgical experience so far we can recommend the following method: resection of the pseudarthrosis with removal of all pathologically changed tissue (also by fraising), insertion of Küntscher nails from the heel to the tibia, adequate covering of the pseudarthrosis location with spongiosa grafts from the pelvic ridge. If necessary, the intervention should be repeated.