OBJECTIVES: This study aims to gain insight into each attribute as presented in the value of implantable medical devices, quantify attributes' strength and their relative importance, and identify the determinants of stakeholders' preferences. METHODS: A mixed-methods design was used to identify attributes and levels reflecting stakeholders' preference toward the value of implantable medical devices. This design combined literature reviewing, expert's consultation, one-on-one interactions with stakeholders, and a pilot testing. Based on the design, six attributes and their levels were settled. Among 144 hypothetical profiles, 30 optimal choice sets were developed, and healthcare professionals (decision-makers, health technology assessment experts, hospital administrators, medical doctors) and patients as stakeholders in China were surveyed. A total of 134 respondents participated in the survey. Results were analyzed by mixed logit model and conditional logit model. RESULTS: The results of the mixed logit model showed that all the six attributes had a significant impact on respondents' choices on implantable medical devices. Respondents were willing to pay the highest for medical devices that provided improvements in clinical safety, followed by increased clinical effectiveness, technology for treating severe diseases, improved implement capacity, and innovative technology (without substitutes). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of DCE will improve the current evaluation on the value of implantable medical devices in China and provide decision-makers with the relative importance of the criteria in pricing and reimbursement decision-making of implantable medical devices.
Patient Preference , Prostheses and Implants , Humans , Surveys and Questionnaires , Treatment Outcome , China , Choice Behavior
The effects of fractions partitioned from the ethanol extract of Acorus calamus L. (AC) on adipocyte differentiation were investigated using cultured mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The degree of differentiation was evaluated by measuring the cellular triglycerides and protein expression of the glucose transporter GLUT4 in 3T3-L1 cells. The ethyl acetate fraction of the AC extract (ACE) was found to enhance adipocyte differentiation as did rosiglitazone. The results of further fractionation of ACE indicated that the active fraction does not consist of beta-asarone, which is a toxic component of this plant. This finding suggests that ACE has potential insulin-sensitizing activity like rosiglitazone, and may improve type 2 diabetes.
Acorus/chemistry , Adipocytes/drug effects , Anisoles/chemistry , Cell Differentiation/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , 3T3-L1 Cells , Acetates/chemistry , Adipocytes/cytology , Adipocytes/metabolism , Allylbenzene Derivatives , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Glucose Transporter Type 4/metabolism , Mice , Molecular Structure , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Rosiglitazone , Thiazolidinediones/pharmacology , Triglycerides/metabolism
OBJECTIVE: To isolate and determine the chemical constituents from Ranunculus japonicus. METHOD: Compounds were isolated by column chromatography, and identified by MS, NMR data. RESULT: Nine compounds were obtained andelucidated as scoparone (1), tricin (2), protocatechuic acid (3), luteolin (4), anemonin (5), scopoletin (6), 5-hydroxy-6, 7-dimethoxyflavone (7), 5-hydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavone (8), ternatolide (9), respectively. CONCLUSION: Compounds 1-9 were isolated from R. japonicus for the first time while compounds 7, 8 were separated from Ranunculus genus first time.
Flavonoids/isolation & purification , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Ranunculus/chemistry , Coumarins/chemistry , Coumarins/isolation & purification , Flavonoids/chemistry
