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1.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38649529

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Research in various areas indicates that expert judgment can be highly inconsistent. However, expert judgment is indispensable in many contexts. In medical education, experts often function as examiners in rater-based assessments. Here, disagreement between examiners can have far-reaching consequences. The literature suggests that inconsistencies in ratings depend on the level of performance a to-be-evaluated candidate shows. This possibility has not been addressed deliberately and with appropriate statistical methods. By adopting the theoretical lens of ecological rationality, we evaluate if easily implementable strategies can enhance decision making in real-world assessment contexts. METHODS: We address two objectives. First, we investigate the dependence of rater-consistency on performance levels. We recorded videos of mock-exams and had examiners (N=10) evaluate four students' performances and compare inconsistencies in performance ratings between examiner-pairs using a bootstrapping procedure. Our second objective is to provide an approach that aids decision making by implementing simple heuristics. RESULTS: We found that discrepancies were largely a function of the level of performance the candidates showed. Lower performances were rated more inconsistently than excellent performances. Furthermore, our analyses indicated that the use of simple heuristics might improve decisions in examiner pairs. DISCUSSION: Inconsistencies in performance judgments continue to be a matter of concern, and we provide empirical evidence for them to be related to candidate performance. We discuss implications for research and the advantages of adopting the perspective of ecological rationality. We point to directions both for further research and for development of assessment practices.

3.
Acta Odontol Scand ; 81(4): 298-310, 2023 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36383213

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: A prospective cohort study on changes of health complaints after removal of amalgam restorations was carried out at the request of the Norwegian Directorate of Health. The aim was to provide and evaluate experimental treatment to patients with health complaints attributed to dental amalgam fillings. METHODS: Patients (n = 32) with medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS), which were attributed to dental amalgam restorations had all their amalgam restorations removed and replaced with other dental restorative materials. Samples of blood were collected before and 1 year after removal of the fillings, and concentration of inorganic mercury (I-Hg), methylmercury (MeHg), silver (Ag) and selenium (Se) in serum was determined by inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry. The comparison groups (one with MUPS but without attribution to amalgam [n = 28] and one group of healthy individuals [n = 19]) received no treatment. The participants responded to questionnaires at baseline and at follow-up after 1 and 5 years. RESULTS: Concentration of I-Hg and Ag in serum decreased significantly after removal of all amalgam restorations. Concentration of MeHg and Se in serum were not changed. Intensity of health complaints was significantly reduced after amalgam removal, but there were no statistically significant correlations between exposure indicators and health complaints. CONCLUSIONS: Removal of all amalgam restorations is followed by a decrease of concentration of I-Hg and Ag in serum. The results support the hypothesis that exposure to amalgam fillings causes an increase of the daily dose of both I-Hg and Ag. Even though intensity of health complaints decreased after removal of all amalgam restorations there was no clear evidence of a direct relationship between exposure and health complaints. Trial registration: The project is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01682278).


Asunto(s)
Mercurio , Compuestos de Metilmercurio , Selenio , Humanos , Mercurio/análisis , Selenio/análisis , Plata/análisis , Amalgama Dental/efectos adversos , Amalgama Dental/química , Estudios Prospectivos , Noruega
4.
BJGP Open ; 7(1)2023 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36564082

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Depression is common in old age and is associated with disability, increased mortality, and impairment from physical diseases. AIM: To estimate the prevalence of depression among older patients in Norwegian general practice, to evaluate the extent they talk about it during their consultation, whether it was previously known or suspected by their GP, and how frequently patients with depression visit their GP. DESIGN & SETTING: Cross-sectional study among patients and GPs at 18 primary care clinics in the south of Norway. METHOD: Patients aged ≥65 years who visited their GP were asked to complete the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The GPs reported what kind of issues the patient presented at the consultation, if a current depression was known, and the consultation frequency. RESULTS: Forty-four (11.4%) of 383 patients reported moderate or severe depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥10). Among the cases with data from both patient and GP (n = 369), 38 patients (10.3%) reported moderately depressive symptoms. Of these, only 12 (31.6%) mentioned psychological problems to their GP during their consultation; 12 (31.6%) with previous depression were neither known to the GP nor suspected of currently having depression; and 67.6% of them visited their GP ≥5 times a year. CONCLUSION: Older patients tend to speak little of their depression to the GP. Almost one in three older patients with moderate depressive symptoms were unrecognised by their GP. Older patients who frequently visit the GP should be suspected of potentially having mental health problems.

5.
BMJ Nutr Prev Health ; 6(2): 326-331, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38618545

RESUMEN

Overweight and obesity are among the most serious health problems of our time. A majority of patients with overweight and obesity will first get in touch with health services through primary care. This makes it crucial to develop strategies to enable physicians in primary care to help and treat patients with overweight and obesity. The physicians tend to avoid this subject. The main reason is reported to be lack of knowledge and education, and that they have nothing concrete to offer their patients. We wanted to examine if a simple method with specific measures could be used in Norwegian general practice and achieve meaningful weight loss. 23 physicians and 210 patients participated in the study. The physicians who participated were cluster randomised into either control group or intervention group. The physicians in the control group were told to follow their usual approach, while the physicians in the intervention group followed a fixed plan with specific diets given orally and in writing to the patients. The inclusion criteria for both groups were: body mass index (BMI)>30 kg/m2, or BMI>25 kg/m2 with at least one weight-related condition. Weight was measured at the start, then after 1 year and finally after 2 years in both groups. We found no significant weight loss in the control group. In the intervention group, there was a weight loss of at least 10% by 25.5% after the first year and 24.2% after the entire observation period. 53.5% of the patients lost at least 5% of their weight in the first year and nearly 45% after the entire observation period. We conclude that a simple tool with a specific diet and activity plan is feasible in general practice and may produce significant weight loss. Trial registration number: NCT03000062.

6.
Scand J Prim Health Care ; 40(2): 190-196, 2022 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35587153

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility of a structured conversation tool (ICIT) in Norwegian general practice. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: A structured conversation tool with elements from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) was developed for use at the encounter in general practice to increase patient's self-coping ability and the GPs management and sick leave assessment in patients with MUPS. Eight GPs received training and used the ICIT on 49 patients with MUPS. The physicians were gathered into two focus groups. The interviews were recorded on tape, transcribed, and analyzed with systematic text condensation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The aim of our study was to examine any benefit and the feasibility of the ICIT in general practice. RESULTS: The physicians found the ICIT helpful to sort out, clarify and concretize the patients' issues. They felt less fatigued as patients took on a greater responsibility for their own recovery and reported a greater satisfaction and better management with the patients. A salutogenic approach gave the physicians greater insight into their patients' lives and their issues, opening for new treatment options and aiding in recovery. By focusing on the patient's potential capabilities despite their medical condition, some physicians experienced that patients on sick leave returned to work quicker. CONCLUSIONS: The GPs in this study reported that the ICIT was helpful in consultations with patients due to unspecific medical conditions and facilitated a sense of competence for the physician. KEY POINTSGPs need communication skill training for integrated treatment and sick leave assessment for patients with Medically Unexplained Physical Symptoms (MUPS).•The GPs experienced that the structured conversation tool was beneficial in structuring, clarifying, and substantiating the patient's problems.•The GPs experienced a greater insight into their patients and their issues, opening new treatment options and aiding in recovery.•The GPs experienced patients' quicker recovery and returns to work by starting immediate treatment using the conversation tool.


Asunto(s)
Medicina General , Médicos Generales , Síntomas sin Explicación Médica , Comunicación , Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria , Estudios de Factibilidad , Médicos Generales/psicología , Humanos , Noruega , Relaciones Médico-Paciente , Investigación Cualitativa
8.
BMC Public Health ; 22(1): 400, 2022 02 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35216560

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Independent medical evaluations are used to evaluate degree and reason for work disability, uncertainty around the functional status, and/or the employee's rehabilitation potential in several jurisdictions, but not in Norway. The main aim of this trial was to test the return to work effect of independent medical evaluation (IME) (summoning and consultation) compared to treatment as usual (TAU) in Norway, for workers who have been on continuous sick leave for 6 months. METHODS: This was a pragmatic randomised controlled trial including all employees aged 18-65 years, sick-listed by their general practitioner and on full or partial sick leave for the past 26 weeks in Hordaland County, Norway in 2015/16. Trial candidates were drawn from a central register at the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration at 22 weeks of sick leave. Pregnant women, individuals with cancer or dementia diagnoses, those with secret address, employed by NAV or sick listed by the specialist health services were excluded. Separate regression analyses were conducted to investigate the "intention-to-treat" and "treatment on the treated" effects, using the ordinary least squares and instrumental variable methods, respectively. RESULTS: After exemption based on predefined exclusion criteria, 5888 individuals were randomised to either IME (n = 2616) or TAU (n = 2599). The final intervention group constitutes 1698 individuals, of which 937 attended the IME consultation. No baseline differences were found between the IME and TAU group regarding gender, age, and previous sick leave. Individuals attending the IME were older than those who cancelled the appointment ((47/45), p = 0.006) and those who did not show up without cancelling ((47/42), p < 0.001). Mainly the IME physician agreed with the regular GP upon level of sick leave. In cases with different assessments, the difference tended to be towards a lower sick leave level. There were no intention to treat or treatment on the treated effect on days of sick leave after randomisation during follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the analyses showed no effect of IME on changes in sick leave for sick listed employees. This result was consistent for those who were offered an IME consultation (intention to treat) and those who undertook an IME consultation (treatment on the treated). TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTirals.gov trial number NCT02524392 first registration 14.08.2015.


Asunto(s)
Personas con Discapacidad , Médicos Generales , Evaluación Médica Independiente , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Noruega , Embarazo , Ausencia por Enfermedad , Adulto Joven
9.
Disabil Rehabil ; 43(24): 3523-3551, 2021 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32242464

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of mass media campaigns for the management of LBP on beliefs of the general public and health care providers, LBP-related disability, health utilization, and LBP clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five electronic databases were searched from inception to December 17, 2019. Any studies evaluating the effectiveness of mass media campaigns for LBP were eligible. Primary outcome was general public LBP beliefs, while secondary outcomes included health care provider beliefs as well as LBP-related disability, health utilization, and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: The search resulted in 4,164 unique records, of which 18 studies were included. These 18 studies predominantly used quasi-experimental methods to evaluate seven LBP mass media campaigns conducted in seven countries. All studies evaluating LBP beliefs in the general public detected positive effects. Health care provider beliefs also consistently improved. Results for behavioural outcomes (disability behaviour and health utilization) were mixed and appeared dependent on campaign characteristics and local context. CONCLUSIONS: Mass media campaigns for LBP appear effective for improving beliefs of the general public and health care providers. REGISTRATION: Prospero CRD42018116797IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONMass media campaigns about low back pain (LBP) appear effective for improving beliefs of the general public and health care providers, aligning beliefs with current evidence and self-management principles.Rehabilitation professionals should be aware of and seek to support public education initiatives in their communities related to LBP and other disabling health conditions.Rehabilitation professionals can highlight and reinforce campaign messages when providing education and reassurance to individual patients.Several campaign resources (i.e., posters, pamphlets, electronic resources, etc.) are available for rehabilitation professionals to use in their efforts to reduce disability related to LBP.


Asunto(s)
Personas con Discapacidad , Dolor de la Región Lumbar , Personal de Salud , Humanos , Medios de Comunicación de Masas , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
10.
J Oral Rehabil ; 47(11): 1422-1434, 2020 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32810306

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services initiated a project including experimental treatment for patients with health complaints attributed to amalgam restorations. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate changes of general health complaints in patients who participated in the project and had all amalgam restorations removed. METHODS: The project was designed as a prospective cohort study and organised by the Dental Biomaterials Adverse Reaction Unit in Bergen, Norway. The dental treatment was provided by the patient's local dentist. The main target group consisted of patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms, attributed to dental amalgam restorations (Amalgam cohort). The primary comparison group consisted of patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms without attribution to dental amalgam restorations (MUPS cohort). Primary outcome was self-reported general health complaints (GHC index) at follow-up 12-months after completed amalgam removal. RESULTS: In the Amalgam cohort, a significant reduction of GHC index from 43.3 (SD 17.8) at baseline to 30.5 (SD 14.4) at follow-up (mean reduction 12.8, SD 15.9; n = 32; P < .001) was observed. The change scores for GHC index indicated that the reduction of complaints was significantly higher (P = .004) in the Amalgam cohort compared with the MUPS cohort (mean reduction 1.2, SD 12.3, n = 28). After adjustment for age, gender, education and baseline GHC index, the mean adjusted difference was -8.0 (95% confidence interval from -15.4 to -0.5; P = .036). CONCLUSION: In a group of patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms, which they attributed to dental amalgam restorations, removal of amalgam restorations was followed by a significant reduction of health complaints.


Asunto(s)
Amalgama Dental , Restauración Dental Permanente , Estudios de Cohortes , Amalgama Dental/efectos adversos , Salud , Humanos , Estudios Prospectivos
11.
Disabil Rehabil ; 42(7): 967-974, 2020 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30688122

RESUMEN

Aims: To obtain more insight into differences in sick leave assessments of workers with subjective health complaints, we studied sick leave assessments among Dutch occupational and insurance physicians, and explored possible determinants for these differences.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 occupational and 43 insurance physicians in the Netherlands. They all assessed sick leave (complete, partial or no) of nine video case vignettes of workers with subjective health complaints and gave their opinion on the complaints, sick leave and health status. Data were analyzed via a multinomial regression approach, using generalized estimating equations in SPSS.Results: Compared to occupational physicians, complete sick leave was less likely to be assessed by insurance physicians (odds ratio 0.74, 95% confidence interval 0.56-0.97). For occupational physicians, psychological diagnoses, private issues and reduced work ability had more influence on the outcome of the sick leave assessment than for insurance physicians.Conclusion: There are differences in sick leave assessments for workers with subjective health complaints between physicians working in the same occupational health system; insurance physicians are stricter in assessing complete sick leave than occupational physicians. These differences may be explained by differences in roles, tasks and perspectives of the physician in occupational health care.Implications for Rehabilitation  Sick leave assessments of workers with subjective health complaints. • The current study showed that there are differences between occupational physicians and insurance physicians in sick leave assessments for workers with subjective health complaints. • These differences may be based on different perspectives, roles and tasks of physicians. • Physicians working in the rehabilitation and occupational health system should be more aware of the impact of these differences on their assessments and advices. • Better communication and collaboration between physicians, and more insight into and clarification of the perspectives may result in more agreement between physicians' sick leave assessment and advice towards workers.


Asunto(s)
Salud Laboral , Médicos , Estudios Transversales , Autoevaluación Diagnóstica , Humanos , Países Bajos , Ausencia por Enfermedad , Evaluación de Capacidad de Trabajo
12.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen ; 139(13)2019 Sep 24.
Artículo en Noruego | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31556521

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Low back pain is considered to be the most common single cause of sickness absence. In 2010, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal established an interdisciplinary treatment programme through the Faster Return-to-Work scheme, based on the relevant guidelines for patients with low back pain. In this study we present our experiences from six years of the treatment programme. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Patients who were referred to Sørlandet Hospital in Arendal in the period 2011-16 due to long-term symptoms of low back pain were offered interdisciplinary treatment. This included a one-to-one consultation with a doctor, four weeks of group-based low back school, and physiotherapist-led exercise as well as eight weeks of either physiotherapist-led exercise or home exercise. The degree of sick leave and functional level using scores on the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) were reported at the outset and after 4 and 12 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 43 patients in employment completed the treatment programme. The average age was 41.9 years and 52 % were women. Altogether 57 % were on certified sick leave at the outset and the remainder were assessed as being at high risk of going on sick leave. A total of 7.5 % were placed on sick leave during the observation period, while 28.5 % of those on sick leave were declared completely fit. Altogether 52.7 % of the patients had a clinically significant reduction in RMDQ scores (> 3.5 points). INTERPRETATION: The interdisciplinary treatment programme appears to improve function and reduce sickness absent in patients with long-term low back pain. This study has a short follow-up time and no control group; the observations must therefore be interpreted with caution.


Asunto(s)
Dolor de la Región Lumbar/terapia , Manejo del Dolor/métodos , Grupo de Atención al Paciente , Adulto , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Terapia por Ejercicio , Femenino , Hospitales Comunitarios , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Noruega , Educación del Paciente como Asunto , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Recuperación de la Función , Derivación y Consulta , Reinserción al Trabajo , Ausencia por Enfermedad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Resultado del Tratamiento
13.
BMC Fam Pract ; 19(1): 133, 2018 07 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30060734

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Entitlement to sickness benefits is a legal process requiring health-related reduced work capacity confirmed by a physician via a sickness certificate. However, there is a knowledge gap concerning physicians' clinical practice of work capacity assessments for patients with common mental disorders (CMD). Physicians claim more knowledge and skills in how to actually do the assessments. The aim of this study was to explore physicians' tacit knowledge of performing assessments of capacity to work and the need for sickness absence in patients with depression and anxiety disorders. METHODS: We performed a qualitative study with open-ended interviews and a short video vignette of a physician and a patient with depression as stimuli. Participating physicians (n = 24) were specialized in general practice, occupational health or psychiatry and experienced in treating patients with depression and anxiety. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Inductive content analysis was used as the analytical tool. RESULTS: Five categories were identified. Category 1 identified work capacity assessment as doing a jigsaw puzzle without any master model. The physicians both identified and created the pieces of the puzzle, mainly by facilitating strategies to make the patient a better supplier of essential information. The finished puzzle made up a highly individualized comprehensive picture required for adequate assessment. Categories 2-4 identified the particular essential pieces of information the participants used, relating to the patient's disorder, capacity in the work place and contextual everyday life. For the sickness absence assessment, apart from decreased work capacity, the physicians also took particulars of the work place into account; e.g. could the work place handle an employee with reduced capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians' tacit knowledge of assessing work capacity and the need for sickness absence for patients with CMD was identified as doing a jigsaw puzzle. The physicians became identifiers and creators of the pieces of the puzzle using a broad palette of essential information. Our findings contribute to the knowledge gap on clinical assessment and can be used as an educational tool. Because they are based on the professions' tacit knowledge, acceptance of the model can be expected to be high.


Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Ansiedad , Trastorno Depresivo , Médicos Generales , Medicina del Trabajo , Psiquiatría , Evaluación de Capacidad de Trabajo , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Investigación Cualitativa , Ausencia por Enfermedad
14.
BMC Fam Pract ; 19(1): 71, 2018 05 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29788920

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Cluster randomized controlled trials are often used in research in primary care but creates challenges regarding biases and confounders. We recently presented a study on low back pain from primary care in Norway with equal effects in the intervention and the control group. In order to understand the specific mechanisms that may produce biases in a cluster randomized trial we conducted a focus group study among the participating health care providers. The aim of this study was to understand how the participating providers themselves influenced on the study and thereby possibly on the results of the cluster randomized controlled trial. METHODS: The providers were invited to share their experiences from their participation in the COPE study, from recruitment of patients to accomplishment of either the intervention or control consultations. Six clinicians from the intervention group and four from the control group took part in the focus group interviews. The group discussions focused on feasibility of the study in primary care and particularly on identifying potential biases and confounders in the study. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed according to a systematic text condensation. The themes for the analysis emerged from the group discussions. RESULTS: A personal interest for back pain, logistic factors at the clinics and an assessment of the patients' capacity to accomplish the study prior to their recruitment was reported. The providers were allowed to provide additional therapy to the intervention and it turned out that some of these could be regarded as opposed to the messages of the intervention. The providers seemed to select different items from the educational package according to personal beliefs and their perception of the patients' acceptance. CONCLUSION: The study disclosed several potential biases to the COPE study which may have impacted on the study results. Awareness of these is highly important when planning and conducting a cluster randomized controlled trial. Procedures in the recruitment of both providers and patients seem to be key factors and the providers should be aware of their role in a scientific study in order to standardize the provision of the intervention.


Asunto(s)
Dolor de la Región Lumbar/terapia , Atención Primaria de Salud/métodos , Adulto , Sesgo , Análisis por Conglomerados , Factores de Confusión Epidemiológicos , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Grupos Focales , Personal de Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Noruega , Selección de Paciente
15.
Phys Ther ; 97(12): 1138-1146, 2017 Dec 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29186635

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Many interventions for the treatment of low back pain exist, but the mechanisms through which such treatments work are not always clear. This situation is especially true for biopsychosocial interventions that incorporate several different components and methods of delivery. OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to examine the indirect effects of the Cognitive Patient Education (COPE) intervention via illness perceptions, back pain myths, and pain catastrophizing on disability outcome. DESIGN: This study was a secondary analysis of the COPE randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Mediation analysis techniques were employed to examine the indirect effects of the COPE intervention via residualized change (baseline - posttreatment) in the 3 variables hypothesized to be targeted by the COPE intervention on posttreatment disability outcome. Pain intensity at baseline, pain duration, clinician type, and a treatment-mediator interaction term were controlled for in the analysis. RESULTS: Preliminary analyses confirmed that changes in pain catastrophizing and illness perceptions (not back pain myths) were related to both allocation to the intervention arm and posttreatment disability score. The treatment exerted statistically significant indirect effects via changes in illness perceptions and pain catastrophizing on posttreatment disability score (illness perceptions standardized indirect effect = 0.09 [95% CI = 0.03 to 0.16]; pain catastrophizing standardized indirect effect = 0.05 [95% CI = 0.01 to 0.12]). However, the inclusion of an interaction term led to the indirect effects being significantly reduced, with the effects no longer being statistically significant. LIMITATIONS: This study presents a secondary analysis of variables not identified a priori as being potentially important treatment targets; other, unmeasured factors could also be important in explaining treatment effects. CONCLUSIONS: The finding that small indirect effects of the COPE intervention via changes in illness perceptions and pain catastrophizing on posttreatment disability could be estimated indicates that these variables may be viable treatment targets for biopsychosocial interventions; however, this finding must be viewed in light of the adjusted analyses, which showed that the indirect effects were significantly reduced through the inclusion of a treatment-mediator interaction term.


Asunto(s)
Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/terapia , Educación del Paciente como Asunto , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Catastrofización , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/psicología , Percepción del Dolor , Resultado del Tratamiento
16.
BMJ Open ; 7(7): e015025, 2017 Jul 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28733298

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To develop hypotheses about whether there are patient-related factors that influence physicians' decision-making that can explain why some patients with severe subjective health complaints (SHCs) are more likely to be granted sick leave than others. DESIGN: Exploratory cross-sectional. SETTING: Assessments of patient-related factors after watching nine authentic video recordings of patients with severe SHC from a Norwegian general practice. Our previous study showed that three of these nine patients were less likely than the remaining six patients to be granted sick leave by physicians from five European countries. PARTICIPANTS: In total, 10 assessors from Norway, the Netherlands and France. OUTCOMES: The direction in which the assessments may contribute towards the decision to grant a sickness certificate (increasing or decreasing the likelihood of granting sick leave). RESULTS: Physicians consider a wide variety of patient-related factors when assessing sickness certification. The overall assessment of these factors may provide an indication of whether a patient is more likely or less likely to be granted sick leave. Additionally, some single questions (notable functional limitations in the consultation, visible suffering, a clear purpose for sick leave and psychiatric comorbidity) may indicate differences between the two patient groups. CONCLUSIONS: Next to the overall assessment, no notable effect of the complaints on functioning and suffering, a lack of a clear purpose for sick leave and the absence of psychiatric comorbidity may be factors that could help guide the decision to grant sick leave. These hypotheses should be tested and validated in representative samples of professionals involved in sickness certification. This may help to understand the tacit knowledge we believe physicians have when assessing work capacity of patients with severe SHC.


Asunto(s)
Actitud del Personal de Salud , Toma de Decisiones , Autoevaluación Diagnóstica , Medicina General , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina , Ausencia por Enfermedad , Evaluación de Capacidad de Trabajo , Actividades Cotidianas , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Francia , Médicos Generales , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/complicaciones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Motivación , Países Bajos , Noruega , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Estrés Psicológico
17.
BMC Public Health ; 17(1): 573, 2017 06 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28615017

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: It has been discussed whether the relationship between a patient on sick leave and his/her general practitioner (GP) is too close, as this may hinder the GP's objective evaluation of need for sick leave. Independent medical evaluation involves an independent physician consulting the patient. This could lead to new perspectives on sick leave and how to follow-up the patient. METHODS/DESIGN: The current study is a randomized controlled trial in a Norwegian primary care context, involving an effect evaluation, a cost/benefit analysis, and a qualitative evaluation. Independent medical evaluation will be compared to treatment as usual, i.e., the physicians' and social insurance agencies' current management of long-term sick-listed patients. Individuals aged 18-65 years, sick listed by their GP and on full or partial sick leave for the past 6 months in Hordaland county will be included. Exclusion criteria are pregnancy, cancer, dementia or an ICD-10 diagnosis. A total sample of 3800 will be randomly assigned to either independent medical evaluation or treatment as usual. Official register data will be used to measure the primary outcome; change in sickness benefits at 7, 9 and 12 months. Sick listed in other counties will serve as a second control group, if appropriate under the "common trend" assumption. DISCUSSION: The Norwegian effect evaluation of independent medical evaluation after 6 months sick leave is a large randomized controlled trial, and the first of its kind, to evaluate this type of intervention as a means of getting people back to work after long-term sickness absence. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02524392 . Registered June 23, 2015.


Asunto(s)
Evaluación Médica Independiente , Reinserción al Trabajo , Ausencia por Enfermedad , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Noruega , Atención Primaria de Salud , Adulto Joven
18.
Health Qual Life Outcomes ; 15(1): 40, 2017 Feb 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28222741

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: An individualized patient reported outcome (PRO) has recently been recommended within LBP research, but no study has evaluated this instrument with commonly applied PROs. Moreover, the impact of psychological factors has mostly been assessed for disease-specific instruments. The objective of this study was to assess the predictive value of illness perceptions, pain catastrophizing and psychological distress on 12 month outcomes assessed by specific, generic and individualized PROs recommended in low back pain (LBP). METHODS: Secondary analysis of patients with sub-acute or chronic LBP recruited for a cluster randomized controlled trial in primary care who completed a self-administered questionnaire at baseline and 12 months. 12 month scores for the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), the EuroQol (EQ-5D), and the Patient Generated Index (PGI) were dependent variables in hierarchical regression analysis. Independent variables included baseline scores for the Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire (Brief IPQ), Hopkins Symptom Check List (HSCL-25), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), health/clinical and sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: Of the 216 eligible patients included, 203 patients responded to the baseline questionnaire and 150 (74%) responded at 12 months. The mean age was 38.3 (SD 10.2) years and 57.6% were female. The Brief IPQ showed a statistically significant variation in the 12-months score of all the PROs, explaining 2.5% in RMDQ, 7.9% in EQ-5D, and 3.6% in PGI. Most of the explained variation for EQ-5D scores related to illness perceptions. The PCS explained 3.7% of the RMDQ and 2.5% in the EQ-5D scores. The HSCL-25 did not make a significant contribution. CONCLUSION: Illness perceptions and pain catastrophizing were associated with 12-month outcomes as assessed by condition-specific, generic and individualized PROs. The Brief IPQ and PCS have relevance to applications in primary care that include interventions designed to enhance psychological aspects of health and where the contribution of such variables to outcomes is of interest. Further studies should assess whether the Brief IPQ perform similarly in LBP populations in other health care settings.


Asunto(s)
Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/psicología , Dimensión del Dolor/psicología , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Adulto , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Noruega , Medición de Resultados Informados por el Paciente , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
19.
BMJ Open ; 6(7): e011316, 2016 07 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27417198

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: A comparison of appraisals made by general practitioners (GPs) in France and occupational physicians (OPs) and insurance physicians (IPs) in the Netherlands with those made by Scandinavian GPs on work capacity in patients with severe subjective health complaints (SHCs). SETTING: GPs in France and OPs/IPs in the Netherlands gathered to watch nine authentic video recordings from a Norwegian general practice. PARTICIPANTS: 46 GPs in France and 93 OPs/IPs in the Netherlands were invited to a 1-day course on SHC. OUTCOMES: Recommendation of sick leave (full or partial) or no sick leave for each of the patients. RESULTS: Compared with Norwegian GPs, sick leave was less likely to be granted by Swedish GPs (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.86) and by Dutch OPs/IPs (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.78). The differences between Swedish and Norwegian GPs were maintained in the adjusted analyses (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.79). This was also true for the differences between Dutch and Norwegian physicians (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.86). Overall, compared with the GPs, the Dutch OPs/IPs were less likely to grant sick leave (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.87). CONCLUSIONS: Swedish GPs and Dutch OPs/IPs were less likely to grant sick leave to patients with severe SHC compared with GPs from Norway, while GPs from Denmark and France were just as likely to grant sick leave as the Norwegian GPs. We suggest that these findings may be due to the guidelines on sick-listing and on patients with severe SHC which exist in Sweden and the Netherlands, respectively. Differences in the working conditions, relationships with patients and training of specialists in occupational medicine may also have affected the results. However, a pattern was observed in which of the patients the physicians in all countries thought should be sick-listed, suggesting that the physicians share tacit knowledge regarding sick leave decision-making in patients with severe SHC.


Asunto(s)
Actitud del Personal de Salud , Toma de Decisiones , Médicos , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Ausencia por Enfermedad , Evaluación de Capacidad de Trabajo , Adulto , Comparación Transcultural , Estudios Transversales , Dinamarca , Autoevaluación Diagnóstica , Femenino , Francia , Medicina General , Médicos Generales , Humanos , Seguro , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Países Bajos , Noruega , Médicos Laborales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Suecia
20.
Med Decis Making ; 36(6): 741-59, 2016 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27053527

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Self-management-based interventions can lead to improved health outcomes in people with chronic diseases, and multiple patient characteristics are associated with the development of self-management behaviors. Low health literacy (HL) has been implicated in poorer self-management behaviors and increased costs to health services. However, the mechanisms behind this relationship remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of the current review is to assess the association between HL and patient characteristics related to self-management behaviors (i.e., disease-related knowledge, beliefs, and self-efficacy). METHODS: The review comprised 3 phases: 1) database searches, 2) eligibility screening, and 3) study quality assessment and strength of evidence. Inclusion criteria specified that a valid HL screening tool was used, that at least one self-management behavior was assessed, and that patients had a chronic condition. RESULTS: An initial search generated a total of 712 articles, of which 31 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. A consistent association was found between low HL and poorer disease-related knowledge in respiratory diseases, diabetes, and multiple disease categories. A significant association between low HL and poorer self-efficacy was reported in cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus, and multiple disease categories. HL was significantly associated with poorer beliefs in respiratory, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular diseases. DISCUSSION: The findings from the current review suggest that low HL may affect behaviors necessary for the development of self-management skills. Given that self-management strategies are core components for effective treatment of a range of chronic diseases, low HL poses a considerable health concern. Further research is needed to understand the mediating influence of HL on disease-related knowledge, self-efficacy, and beliefs. From this, HL-sensitive, self-management interventions ought to be devised and implemented.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Crónica/terapia , Manejo de la Enfermedad , Alfabetización en Salud , Autocuidado , Autoeficacia , Humanos
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