RESUMEN
A Monascus ruber strain was isolated that was able to grow on mineral medium at high sugar concentrations and 175g/l lactic acid at pH 2.8. Its genome and transcriptomes were sequenced and annotated. Genes encoding lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were introduced to accomplish lactic acid production and two genes encoding pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) were knocked out to subdue ethanol formation. The strain preferred lactic acid to glucose as carbon source, which hampered glucose consumption and therefore also lactic acid production. Lactic acid consumption was stopped by knocking out 4 cytochrome-dependent LDH (CLDH) genes, and evolutionary engineering was used to increase the glucose consumption rate. Application of this strain in a fed-batch fermentation resulted in a maximum lactic acid titer of 190g/l at pH 3.8 and 129g/l at pH 2.8, respectively 1.7 and 2.2 times higher than reported in literature before. Yield and productivity were on par with the best strains described in literature for lactic acid production at low pH.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Láctico/biosíntesis , Monascus/metabolismo , Citocromos/genética , Citocromos/metabolismo , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Hidroliasas/genética , Hidroliasas/metabolismo , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Monascus/genéticaRESUMEN
Across bioengineering there is a need to couple proteins to other proteins, or to peptides. Although traditional chemical conjugations have dominated in the past, more and more highly specific coupling strategies are becoming available that are based on protein engineering. Here we review the use of protein modification approaches such as enzymatic and autocatalytic protein-protein coupling, as well as the use of hetero-dimerizing (or hetero-oligomerizing) modules, applied to the specific case of linking together de novo designed recombinant polypeptides into precisely structured nanomaterials. Such polypeptides are increasingly being investigated for biomedical and other applications. In this review, we describe the protein-engineering based cross-linking strategies that dramatically expand the repertoire of possible molecular structures and, hence, the range of materials that can be produced from them.