Scleral Buckle Removal: Indications, Timing, Complications, and Long-Term Outcomes.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To report indications, timing, complications, and outcomes of scleral buckle (SB) removal surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective observational case series. Eyes that underwent SB removal between 2010 and 2016 with greater than 1 year of follow-up were included. Main outcome measures were post-SB removal complications and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). RESULTS: Fifty eyes that underwent SB removal met the inclusion criteria. Indications include exposed SB (54%), infection (26%), diplopia (16%), and recurrent retinal detachment (4%). Mean and median intervals between SB placement and removal were 65 months and 30 months. Complications include recurrent retinal detachment (12%), transient ocular hypertension (6%), and persistent diplopia (4%). There was no significant change in mean BCVA after SB removal (P = .979). CONCLUSIONS: Exposed SB, infection, and diplopia are the most common indications for SB removal. The single-surgery success rate is high and the risk for complications is relatively low. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2021;52:138-144.].

A NOVEL SURGICAL TECHNIQUE FOR RESCUING A DISLOCATED ACCOMMODATIVE INTRAOCULAR LENS (CRYSTALENS).

PURPOSE: To describe a novel surgical technique for rescuing a dislocated "in-the-bag" accommodative intraocular lens (Crystalens; Bausch and Lomb Inc, Rochester NY) and report its postoperative outcome. METHODS: Interventional case report. An 82-year-old patient with history of pseudoexfoliation syndrome presented with a posteriorly dislocated "in-the-bag" Crystalens intraocular lens. A pars plana vitrectomy was performed. The Crystalens intraocular lens was rescued, and scleral sulcus fixated using prolene suture. RESULTS: No intraoperative or postoperative complications were noted. The preoperative visual acuity was 6/200. The vision improved to 20/30, 8 weeks after the surgery. CONCLUSION: Rescuing, instead of exchanging, a Crystalens intraocular lens might be a safe alternative in patients with a dislocated "in-the-bag" Crystalens intraocular lens.

THE EFFECT OF ELECTIVE CATARACT EXTRACTION BY PHACOEMULSIFICATION IN EYES WITH VITREOMACULAR TRACTION SYNDROME.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of cataract extraction (CE) by phacoemulsification on the vitreomacular interface (VMI) of eyes with preexisting vitreomacular traction (VMT). METHODS: Retrospective, observational case series. Patients with VMT who elected to proceed with CE, before any vitreoretinal intervention, were studied. Eyes with at least a 12-month follow-up period were included. The status of the vitreomacular adhesion at different time points was assessed using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The best-corrected visual acuity was recorded at different time points. Other macular and systemic comorbidities were documented. RESULTS: Fifteen eyes from 15 phakic patients with symptomatic VMT were included. Six of them were male subjects. Seven patients had diabetes mellitus and two of them also had nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. The preoperative macular comorbidities included macular hole in six eyes (Stage 1 in 3 eyes and Stage 2 or 3 in another 3 eyes), epiretinal membrane in five eyes, and cystoid macular edema in four eyes. After uncomplicated CE, the VMT was released in 5 eyes, whereas in 10 eyes, CE did not significantly change the status of the vitreomacular adhesion. Three of 3 eyes with preexisting full-thickness macular hole (Stage 2 or 3 macular hole) were found to have Stage 4 macular hole shortly after CE. In seven of seven patients with diabetes mellitus, the status of the vitreomacular interface did not change after CE. Eventually, 7 of 15 patients underwent additional pars plana vitrectomy. Compared with the baseline vision, and vision before other interventions, the visual acuity after CE improved in 5 patients, remained unchanged in 7 patients, and decreased in the 3 patients with Stage 2 or 3 macular hole. The mean preoperative and early postoperative visual acuity was 20/59 and 20/68, respectively (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The effect of CE in phakic eyes with known VMT varies significantly. In the current case series, every eye with VMT and Stage 2 or 3 macular hole ended up with Stage 4 macular hole, although the VMT did not change significantly in the eyes of diabetic patients. Studies with larger sample size are needed to further elucidate the impact of elective CE on VMT.

ONE-YEAR OUTCOMES OF A NOVEL SURGICAL APPROACH FOR FIXATION OF A POSTERIOR CHAMBER INTRAOCULAR LENS USING GORE-TEX SUTURE.

PURPOSE: To report the 1-year outcomes of a novel surgical technique for the fixation of a CZ70BD intraocular lens with Gore-Tex suture using cow-hitch knots. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 15 patients (13 men and 2 women) who underwent fixation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens with Gore-Tex suture was performed. Short- and long-term outcomes data were collected 1 month and 1 year after surgery, respectively. RESULTS: Fourteen of the 15 patients met inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Mean visual acuity improved significantly from Snellen 20/491 preoperatively to Snellen 20/59 at postoperative month 12 (P = 0.002). The most common short-term complications included increased intraocular pressure (n = 6) and cystoid macular edema (n = 4). The most common long-term complications included increased intraocular pressure (n = 2) and iris capture of the intraocular lens (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS: One-year outcome data suggest that this technique is a reasonable surgical option for secondary intraocular lens placement in patients who lack capsular support.

INTRAVITREAL OCRIPLASMIN IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: Predictors of Success, Visual Outcomes, and Complications.

PURPOSE: To investigate predictors of success, visual outcomes, and complications of intravitreal ocriplasmin for the treatment of symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion in a clinical care setting. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 49 consecutive eyes of 47 patients who received intravitreal ocriplasmin. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography scans were examined for vitreomacular traction (VMT) release, full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) closure, and other changes in retinal anatomy. RESULTS: Pharmacologic VMT release occurred in 41% of eyes; positive predictors included age ≤75 years (P = 0.001), phakic status (P = 0.016), VMT width ≤750 µm (P = 0.001), and absence of retinal comorbidities (P = 0.035). Pharmacologic FTMH closure occurred in 25% of cases; positive predictors included successful VMT release (P = 0.042), better preinjection best-corrected visual acuity (P = 0.036), and smaller FTMH aperture width (P = 0.033). Eyes that achieved VMT release and did not undergo surgery attained significant improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (P = 0.015). Complications included subfoveal lucency (33%), ellipsoid zone disruption (33%), and FTMH base enlargement (75%). Only FTMH base enlargement resulted in worse visual outcomes (P = 0.024). Subgroup analysis of 14 eyes with ideal characteristics (all positive predictors listed above) yielded a 93% VMT release rate. CONCLUSION: Proper case selection may facilitate successful pharmacologic vitreolysis with ocriplasmin, improve visual outcomes, and minimize potential complications.

ACUTE MACULAR NEURORETINOPATHY AFTER RANIBIZUMAB INJECTION IN A DIABETIC PATIENT.

PURPOSE: To report a case of acute macular neuroretinopathy occurring after intravitreal ranibizumab injection for diabetic macular edema. METHODS: Observational clinical case report. RESULTS: The patient received an intravitreal ranibizumab (0.3 mg) injection for diabetic macular edema. Three days later, he had a decline in vision associated with a central and paracentral scotoma. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated bandlike hyperreflectivity of the outer nuclear and plexiform layers corresponding to the patient's scotoma, consistent with the diagnosis of acute macular neuroretinopathy. There was spontaneous resolution of the abnormalities observed in optical coherence tomography, but only partial resolution of the scotoma was observed 4 months after presentation. CONCLUSION: Diabetic retinopathy may be associated with acute macular neuroretinopathy. The temporal relationship between ranibizumab injection and the onset of acute macular neuroretinopathy in this case report raises the possibility of a causal relationship.

ONE-YEAR OUTCOMES OF A NOVEL TECHNIQUE FOR RESCUING AND SCLERAL FIXATING A POSTERIOR DISLOCATED INTRAOCULAR LENS-BAG COMPLEX WITHOUT CONJUNCTIVAL OPENING (HOFFMAN POCKETS).

PURPOSE: To present the 1-year follow-up of a novel surgical technique that allows for suture fixation of a posteriorly dislocated lens-bag complex without the need for conjunctival incision. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 19 patients who underwent posterior chamber intraocular lens rescue using the novel surgical technique was performed. Data were collected 1 year after surgery for all patients. RESULTS: Average preoperative vision was 20/500, whereas 3 months and 12 months postoperatively, the vision was 20/65 and 20/54, respectively. Three of 15 eyes had decentration of the sutured intraocular lens, 2 of which required additional surgical repair. CONCLUSION: Outcome data at 1 year support this novel technique as a viable option for the surgical repair of a dislocated lens-capsular bag complex.

Post-Marketing Survey of Adverse Events Following Ocriplasmin.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To study the post-marketing safety profile of ocriplasmin (Jetrea; ThromboGenics, Iselin, NJ) as experienced by retinal physicians in the United States. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two thousand four hundred sixty-five retinal physicians were surveyed regarding their frequency of use of ocriplasmin and reports of ocular adverse events. RESULTS: There were 270 respondents (11%) who reported treating 1,056 eyes with ocriplasmin. The reports of adverse events (AE) were as follows: acute decline in visual acuity (16.95%), development of submacular fluid or serous retinal detachment (10.23%), dyschromatopsia (9.09%), progression of vitreomacular traction to macular hole (8.71%), development of retinal detachment (2.65%), development of retinal tear (1.99%), development of afferent pupillary defect (1.80%), electroretinography abnormalities (0.57%), crystalline lens instability (0.38%), and vasculitis (0.28%). CONCLUSION: Although the frequency of some ocular AEs reported in this study are comparable to those reported in the phase 3 registration trials, additional phase 4 safety studies are warranted to better understand the pathophysiology and clinical relevance of ocular AEs of ocriplasmin.

Frequency and characteristics of intraocular inflammation after aflibercept injection.

PURPOSE: To report the frequency and characteristics of intraocular inflammation after intravitreal aflibercept injection. METHODS: A single-center retrospective study was performed in patients who received intravitreal aflibercept from November 2011 through June 2013. RESULTS: There were 28 cases of intraocular inflammation after a total of 5,905 aflibercept injections among 1,660 patients. The mean baseline acuity was 20/57, which decreased to 20/179 at diagnosis (P < 0.0001) but recovered to 20/59 at Month 1, 20/57 at Month 3, and 20/52 at Month 6 (P = not significant). Vitreous culture and injection of antibiotics were performed in eight cases, and all were culture negative; the remainder received only topical corticosteroids. CONCLUSION: The frequency of inflammation after aflibercept was 0.47% per injection. Visual acuity and inflammation returned to baseline within 1 month in most cases with topical corticosteroid treatment.

One-year outcomes of eyes treated with a sutureless scleral fixation technique for intraocular lens placement or rescue.

PURPOSE: To report the 1 year results of a novel surgical technique for sutureless scleral fixation of a 3-piece intraocular lens. METHODS: Retrospective consecutive series of patients who underwent sutureless scleral fixation of a three-piece intraocular lens. All patients were required to have at least 1 year of follow-up to be included in the series. Outcomes data were obtained and treated with simple statistical analyses. RESULTS: A total of 24 patients were included in the study population. The average age was 75 years (range, 44-87). Short-term complications were few and included vitreous hemorrhage (n = 2), elevated intraocular pressure (n = 1), and hypotony (n = 1). Long-term complications included intraocular lens dislocation (n = 3) and cystoid macular edema (n = 1). Mean visual acuity improved from logMAR 1.30 (Snellen 20/399) to 0.52 (Snellen 20/66) at 1 year. CONCLUSION: This novel technique for sutureless scleral fixation of a three-piece intraocular lens was well-tolerated 1 year after surgery.

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide treatment of tamoxifen maculopathy with associated cystoid macular edema.

PURPOSE: To report a case of severe tamoxifen-induced maculopathy with associated cystoid macular edema treated with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: The patient presented with bilateral cystoid macular edema that persisted despite treatment, which included intravitreal bevacizumab injections. He received 7 triamcinolone injections in each eye over 20 months, resulting in the most recent best-corrected Snellen visual acuities of 20/40 in the right eye and 20/30 in the left eye. Complete resolution of the cystoid macular edema was achieved in each eye, but recurrent edema necessitated continued intermittent injections. Macular crystals persisted despite treatment but decreased since presentation. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal triamcinolone should be considered for treatment of tamoxifen-associated macular edema, especially if the condition responds poorly to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatments.

Incidence of steroid-induced ocular hypertension after vitreoretinal surgery with difluprednate versus prednisolone acetate.

PURPOSE: To identify changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) after vitreoretinal surgical procedures in eyes that received either difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% (DP) or prednisolone acetate ophthalmic suspension 1% (PA). METHODS: A retrospective chart review compared a consecutive series of 100 patients who received DP with 100 patients who received PA after vitreoretinal surgery. Data were collected for a 3-month period from the time of surgery. RESULTS: A significantly higher number of patients treated with DP (35%, n = 35) developed increased IOP (>21 mmHg with a change from baseline of >10 mmHg) compared with those receiving PA (22%, n = 22) (P = 0.042). The mean maximum IOP in the DP cohort (26.7 mmHg) was significantly higher than that in the PA cohort (22.8 mmHg) (P = 0.0027). Additionally, the rise in IOP from baseline was significantly higher in the DP-treated cohort (9.0 mmHg) than that in the PA-treated cohort (6.0 mmHg) (P = 0.027). CONCLUSION: Eyes treated with DP after vitreoretinal surgery were at increased risk for developing clinically significant increases in IOP compared with those receiving PA.